نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز.
2 استاد فیزیولوژی و اصلاح درختان میوه، گروه باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران
3 استاد گروه باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز.
4 دانشیار گروه صنایع غذایی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران.
چکیده
تأثیر کائولین بر میوه و روغن زیتون رقم زرد در یکی از باغهای تجاری شهرستان فسا در استان فارس بررسی شد. غلظتهای صفر، سه و شش درصد کائولین با دفعات متفاوت در پاشش شامل یک بار پاشش (60 روز بعد از تمامگل)، دو بار پاشش (60 و 90 روز بعد از تمامگل) و سه بار پاشش (60 و 90 و 120 روز بعد از تمامگل) بر روی درختان بالغ زیتون رقم زرد محلولپاشی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کائولین و دفعات پاشش تأثیر معناداری بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی میوه نداشت، درحالیکه کائولین و دفعات پاشش بر ترکیب اسید چرب تأثیرگذار بود. کمترین مقدار اسید لینولئیک (49/14 درصد) و اسید لینولنیک (02/1 درصد) مربوط به تیمار سه بار پاشش بود. مقادیر اسیدهای چرب اولئیک، نسبت تک غیراشباع به چند غیراشباع و نسبت اولئیک به لینولئیک در روغنهای استخراجشده از درختان اسپریشده با غلظتهای سه و شش درصد کائولین نسبت به درختان اسپرینشده بیشتر بود. همچنین تیمار کائولین شش درصد همراه با سه بار پاشش، دارای بیشترین مقدار نسبت اسید اولئیک به اسید لینولئیک، اسیدهای چرب تک غیراشباع به چنداشباع بود، درحالیکه کمترین مقدار اسید لینولنیک، اسید پالمیتیک و اسید لینولئیک را دارا بود. در این پژوهش کائولین سبب بهبود وضعیت ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن شد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of Kaolin spray on physicochemical parameters and fatty acids composition of olive oil cv. Zard under Fasa city climatic conditions
نویسندگان [English]
- Esmaeil Khaleghi 1
- Kazem Arzani 2
- Norollah Moallemi 3
- Mohsen Barzegar 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
2 Professor of Physiology and Fruit Trees Breeding, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The effect of Kaolin on fruit and oil of olive cv. `Zard’ was evaluated in a commercial orchard in Fasa
city, Fars Province. Mature olive trees cv. `Zard’ were sprayed with 0, 3 and 6% kaolin after 60 days, 60
and 90 days and 60, 90, 120 days after full bloom. Results showed that kaolin concentration and spraying
time had not significant effects on physicochemical parameters but they had significant effects on free
fatty acids composition. linoleic acid (14.49 percent) and linolenic acid (1.02%) were lowest in the third
level of spraying time. Amount of oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated fatty acids,
oleic acid to linoleic acid were higher in oil extracted from trees treated with 3 or 6% kaolin than the
untreated trees. Also, oleic acid to linoleic acid (4.65%), monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated
fatty acids (4.2%) were the highest in 6% kaolin with thrice spraying treatment (6% kaolin × thrice
spraying) while linolenic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid were the lowest in 6% kaolin × thrice spraying.
Therefore this study showed fatty acids composition was improved by kaolin spraying.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- linoleic acid
- Linolenic Acid
- monounsaturated fatty acids
- oleic acid
- palmitic acid
- polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ارزانی ک.، ارجی ع. و جوادی ت (1387) سیستمهای هرس و تربیت برای زیتونکاریهای جدید (ترجمه). نشر آموزش کشاورزی. 232 صفحه.
- روشنی م.، سحری م. ع. امیرکاویانی ش. گوهری ا. صفافر ا. و بلند نظر س (1390) برخی از خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی زیتون رقم روغنی در دو شاخص رسیدگی و دو منطقه کشت. همایش ملی زیتون (زیتون و سلامت جامعه). 207-211.
- AOCS (1993) Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 4th. Edn. (ed. D. Firestone), American Oil Chemists’ Society, Champaign, IL. (AOCS Aa 4-38).
- Conde C, Delrot S and Gero´s H (2008) Physiological, biochemical and molecular changes occurring during olive development and ripening. Plant Physiology. 165: 1545–1562.
- Dag A, Kerem Z, Yogev N, Zipori I, Lavee S and Ben-David E (2011) Influence of time of harvest and maturity index on olive oil yield and quality. Scientia Horticulturae. 127(3): 358-366.
- Galla G, Barcaccia G, Ramina A, Collani S, Alagna F, Baldoni L, Cultrera NGM, Martinelli F, Sebastiani L and Tonutti P (2009) Computational annotation of genes differentially expressed along olive fruit development. Plant Biology. 9:128:1-17.
- Glenn DM, Erez A, Puterka GJ and Gundrum P (2003) Particle films affect carbon assimilation and yield in ‘Empire’ apple. American Society for Horticultural Science. 128: 356–362.
- Gómez-Rico A, Fregapane G and Salvador MD (2008) Effect of Cultivar and Ripening on Minor Components in Spanish Olive Fruits and their corresponding Virgin Olive Oils. Food Research International. 41: 433-440.
- Hernández ML, Guschina IA, Martínez-Rivas JM, Mancha M and Harwood JL (2008) The utilization and desaturation of oleate and linoleate during glycerolipid biosynthesis in olive (Olea europaea L.) callus cultures. Experimental Botany. 59: 2425–2435.
- Hernández ML, Mancha M and Martínez-Rivas JM (2005) Molecular cloning andcharacterization of genes encoding two microsomal oleate desaturases (FAD2) from olive. Phytochemistry. 66: 1417–1426.
- Hernández ML, Padilla MN, Mancha M and Martínez-Rivas JM (2009) Expression analysis identifies FAD2-2 as the olive oleate desaturase gene mainly responsible for the linoleic acid content in virgin olive oil. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 57: 6199–6206.
- Hernández ML, Padilla MN, Sicardo MD, Mancha M and Martínez-Rivas JM (2011) Effect of different environmental stresses on the expression of oleate desaturase genes and fatty acid composition in olive fruit. Phytochemistry. 72: 178-187.
- Hui-chan B and Heshan O (1984) Changes in fatty acids composition of olive oil in various ecological environments, cultivars and stages of fruit developments. Olive Acclimation and Breeding. 84 (76): 245-246.
- Issaoui M, Flamini G, Brahmi F, Dabbou S; Hassine KB, Taamali A, Chehab H, Ellouz M, Zarrouk M and Hammami M (2010) Effect of the growing area conditions on differentiation between Chemlali and Chétoui olive oils. Food Chemistry. 119: 220–225.
- Lavee S (1996) Biology and physiology of the olive. In: World Olive Encyclopaedia. Blazquez, J.M. (Ed.). pp. 71 – 105.
- Manaï H, Haddada F M, Trigui A, Daoud D and Zarrouk M (2007) Compositional quality of virgin olive oil from two new Tunisian cultivars obtained through controlled crossing. The Science of Food and Agriculture. 87: 600–606.
- Metcalfe LD, Schmirz AA and Pelka JR (1966) Rapid preparation of methyl esters from lipid for gas chromatography. Analytical Chemistry. 38: 514-515.
- Pandolfi S, Tombesi A, Pilli M and Preziosi P (1994) Fruit characteristics of olive cultivars of different origin grown in Umbria. II International Symposium on Olive Growing. Acta Horticulturae. 356: 362-366.(3)
- Saavedra Del RG, Escaff MG and Hernandéz JV (2006) Kaolin effects in processing tomato production in Chile. Acta Horticulturae. 724: 191–198.
- Sadeghi H and Talaii AR (2002) Impact of environmental conditions on fatty acids combination of olive oil in an Iranian olive, cv. Zard. Acta Horticulturae. 586: 579-582.
- Saour G and Makee H (2003) Effects of kaolin particle film on olive fruit yield, oil content and quality. Advances in Horticultural Science. 17 (4): 204-206.
- Shellie K and Glenn DM (2008) Wine grape response to foliar particle film under differing levels of preveraison water stress. HortScience. 43(5):1392-1397.
- Tognetti R, d’Andria R, Sacchi R, Lavini A, Morelli G and Alvino A (2007) Deficit irrigation affects seasonal changes in leaf physiology and oil quality of Olea europaea (cultivars Frantoio and Leccino). Annals of Applied Biology. 150: 169–186.
- UC Cooperative Extension, Sonoma County (2006) Olive Maturity Index. University of California, Berkeley, California.