نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات اردبیل، گروه کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

به منظور بررسی زمان مصرف کود نیتروژنه و تلقیح بذر با باکتری های محرک رشد بر عملکرد، کارایی مصرف کود، سرعت و دوره موثر پر شدن دانه آفتابگردان، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول شامل زمان مصرف کود نیتروژنه در سه سطح ( در مرحله چهار تا شش برگی،  مرحله غنچه­دهی و مرحله گل­دهی)، (در مرحله چهار تا شش­برگی،  مرحله غنچه­دهی)، ( در مرحله چهار تا شش برگی،  مرحله غنچه­دهی و  مرحله گل­دهی) به ترتیب به صورتN1، N2و N3و عامل دوم شامل تلقیح بذر با باکتری های محرک رشد در چهار سطح (عدم تلقیح، تلقیح بذر با باکتری های ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم استرین 5، سودوموناس پوتیدا سویه 9 و سودوموناس پوتیدا سویه 41) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر وزن تک بذر، طول دوره مؤثر پر شدن دانه، عملکرد دانه و زیستی، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در طبق، ارتفاع بوته، قطر طبق و قطر ساقه در سطح دوم از زمان مصرف نیتروژن و تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر به دست آمد. بیشترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در کاربرد نیتروژن به صورت N2 و تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر و کم ترین آن در کاربرد به صورتN1 و عدم تلقیح بذر با باکتری مشاهده شد. به نظر میرسد به منظور افزایش عملکرد، کارایی مصرف کود، سرعت و دوره مؤثر پر شدن دانه می­توان تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر در مصرف کود به صورت N2 را پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Psedomunas and nitrogen application timing on yield, fertilizer use efficiency and grain filling rate of sunflower

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Khosravi 1
  • Raouf Seyed Sharifi 2
  • Aliakbar Imani 1

1 Department of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to study of nitrogen application time and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria on yield, fertilizer use efficiency and grain filling rate of sunflower, a factorial experiment
was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of
Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in 2011. The first factor was time of nitrogen application in
three levels, (1/3 at 4-6 leaf stage, 1/3 at budding stage, 1/3 at flowering stage), (1/2 at 4-6 leaf stage, 1/2
at budding stage), (1/4 at 4-6 leaf stage, 1/2 at budding stage, 1/4 at flowering stage) as N1, N2 and N3
respectively and the second factor was seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in four
levels containing (without inoculation as control, seed inoculation with Azotobacter chrocococum strain
5, Psedomunas putida strain 9, Psedomunas putida strain 41). The results showed that maximum of grain
weight, grain filling period, grain and biological yield, 1000 grain weight, number of grain per head, plant
height, head and stem diameter were obtained in nitrogen application as N2×seed inoculation with
Azotobacter. Maximum of nitrogen use efficiency was recorded at nitrogen application as N2×seed
inoculation with Azotobacter and minimum of it was obtained in nitrogen application as N1× no seed
inoculation. It seems that in order to increasing of grain yield, fertilizer use efficiency and grain filling
rate, can be suggested that should be applied nitrogen application time as N2×seed inoculation with
Azotobacter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • nitrogen
  • PGPR
  • seed inoculation
  • Sunflower
  • Yield
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