نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

3 استادیار پژوهشی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج، البرز

4 استادیار، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

5 دانشجوی دکترای اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش آبیاری در مرحله گل دهی بر شاخص های زراعی کلزا و نیز شناسایی ارقام مقاوم و حساس به خشکی، در سال 1385 یک آزمایش مزرعه ای در مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. آبیاری به عنوان عامل اصلی در دو سطح آبیاری معمولی یا شاهد (براساس 80 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک کلاس A) و تنش کم آبیاری (قطع آبیاری از مرحله گل دهی به بعد) و 12 رقم کلزا، به عنوان عامل فرعی درنظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میانگین های شاخص برداشت (9/29 درصد) و عملکرد (3228 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به رقم RG 4403 بود. در شرایط تنش، وزن هزار دانه و درصد روغن رقم 19-H بیشترین بود. همچنین با مقایسه شاخص های مقاومت به خشکی، رقم RG 4403 مقاوم ترین رقم بود. در شرایط تنش، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم Sarigol وHyola 330 کمترین مقدار و ORS 3150-3006 حساس ترین رقم به تنش خشکی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of water deficit stress on yield performance of spring canola

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zinat Hajihashemi 1
  • Gholam Abbas Akbari 2
  • Amir Hossein Shirani rad 3
  • Reza Amiri 4
  • Shahryar Dashti 5

چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of drought stress in terminal growth period on agronomical and physiological characteristics of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, a field experiment was conducted using split-plot layout based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj in 2006. There were two factors, including irrigation at two levels (irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from class “A” pan as control and drought stress from flowering stage until physiological maturity) as main plots. In addition, twelve spring cultivars: (RGS003, Sarigol, Hyola401, Hyola 60, Hyola 330, Kimberly, 19-H, PR-401/16, PP-308/8, ORS 3150-3006, RG 4403, and RGAS 0324) were applied in sub plots. Results showed that RG 4403 had maximum grain yield (3228 Kg/ha) and harvest index (29.9%). In drought stress conditions, best cultivar in grain yield, 1000-seeds weight and oil yield was 19-H and with comparison of stress tolerance indices had better compatibility to water stress. Sarigol and Hyola330 had the lowest yield and yield components and ORS3150-3006 was the most sensitive to water stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oil percent
  • Spring canola cultivars
  • Stress tolerance indices
  • water deficit stress
  • Yield and Yield components
1. Aiken RM and Lamm FR (2006) Irrigation of Oilseed Crops.In: Proc. Central Plains Irrigation Conference, Colby, KS. Feb. 21-22, 2006. Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, KS. Pp. 162-172.
2. Allen EJ and Morgan DG (1975) A quantitative comparison of the growth. Development and yield of different varieties of oilseed rape. J. Agr. Sci. 85: 159-174.
3. Angadi SV, Cutforth HW, McConkey BG and Gan Y (2003) Yield Adjustment by canola grown at different plant population under semiarid conditions. Crop Sci. 43: 1358-1366.
4. Ataii M, Ghooshchi F, Bazrafshan F, Safahani A and Daneshmand A (2006) Effect of water stress on seed yield and chlorophyll content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. The First International Conference on the Theory and Practices in Biological Water Saving (ICTPB). 21-25 may 2006, Beijing, China. 21 Pp. 
5. Bauder JW (2006) The right strategy for irrigating your canola crop. Available on the URL: http://waterquality.montana.edu/docs/ irrigation/canolastrategy.shtml . 4 pp.
6. Bazrafshan F, Daneshmand A and Shirani-rad AH (2006) Physiological evaluation of spring rapeseed (Brasica napus L.) genotypes in relation to water deficit in the generative growth period. The First International Conference on the Theory and Practices in Biological Water Saving (ICTPB). 21-25 may 2006, Beijing China. 53 pp. 
7. Brandt S, Ulrich D, Lafond G, Kutcher R, Malhi S and Johnston A (2002) The biology and ecology of canola (Brassica napus). Office of the Gene Technology Regulator, Australia.
8. Chay P and Thurling N (1989a) Variation in pod length in spring rape (Brassica napus) and the effects on seed yield and yield components. J. Agr. Sci. 113: 139-147.
9. Chay P and Thurling N (1989b) Variation in pod length in spring rape (Brassica napus L.) and its effect on seed yield and yield components. J. Agr. Sci. 113: 139-147.
10. Diepenbrock W (2000) Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): a Review. Field Crop Res. 67: 35-49.
11. Evans JT (1993) Crop evolution, adaptation and yield. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
12. Fukei S and Cooper M (1995) Development
of drought resistant cultivar using physiomorphological traits in rice. Field Crop Res. 40: 67-84.
13. Golabadi M, Arzani A and Mirmohammadi Maibody SAM (2006) Assessment of drought tolerance in segregating populations in drum wheat. Afr. J. Agr. Res. 1(5): 162-171.
14. Henry JL and McDonald KB (1978) The effects of soil fertilizer nitrogen and moisture stress on yield, oil and protein content of rape. Can. J. Soil. Sci. 58: 303-310.
15. Johnson L and Crossiant RL (2003) Rapeseed/ Canola production, no. 0110, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension.
16. Leon J and Becker HC (1995) Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genetics. In: Diepenbrock W and Becker HC (Eds.), Physiological potentials for yield improvement of annual oil and protein crops. Adv. Plant Breed. 17: 54-81.
17. Paolmoa IR, Baioni SS, Fioretti MN and Brevedad RE (1991) Canola under water deficiency in southern Argentina. Producing of 10 Th International Trapeseed Congress. Canberra, Australia.
18. Ramirez-Vallejo P and Kelly JD (1998)
Traits related to drought resistance in common bean. Euphytica. 99: 127-136.
19. Rhichards RA and Thurling N (1978)
Variation between and within species of rapeseed (Brassica campestris and B. rapa), in response to drought stress. II. Growth and development under natural drought stress. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 29: 479-490.
20. Schneider KA, Rosales-Serna R, Labrra-Perez F, Cazares-Enriquez B, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Ramirez-Vallejo P, Wassimi N and Nelly JD (1997) Improving common bean performance under drought stress. Crop Sci. 37: 43-50.
21. Ul Hassan F, Ali H, Akhtar Cheema M and Manaf A (2005) Effects of environmental variation on oil content and fatty acid composition of canola cultivars. J. Res. Sci. 16(2): 65-76.
22. White JW and Singh SP (1991) Breeding for adaptation to drought. P: 501-551. In. Van Schoonhoven A and Voysest O (Ed.) Common beans: Research for crop improvement. C.A.B. International. Wallingford, U.K. and CIAT, Cali, Colombia.