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بهبود جذب عناصر غذایی و رشد سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea) با کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای زیستی و سالیسیلیک‌اسید تحت رژیم‏های مختلف آبیاری در شرایط خاک شور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آگروتکنولوژی، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران.

3 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

10.22059/jci.2026.395185.2938

چکیده

هدف: منابع اصلاح‌کننده با بهبود جذب عنصر غذایی و ایجاد تعادل در صفات فیزیولوژیکی نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان در شرایط تنش‌های محیطی دارند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی جذب عناصر غذایی، صفات فیزیولوژیک و رشد سرخارگل با قارچ مایکوریزا، باکتری سودوموناس و محلول‏پاشی سالیسیلیک‌اسید در خاک شور تحت تنش خشکی می­باشد.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش به­صورت اسپلیت‌پلات، در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی، در سال‏های زراعی 1401 و 1402 و با دو برداشت طی دو سال در گیاه سرخارگل در نهالستان پژوهشی اداره منابع طبیعی شهرستان فسا، واقع در جنوب‌شرق استان فارس انجام شد. عامل اصلی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری پس از 25، 50 و 75 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی از حد ظرفیت زراعی و عامل فرعی شامل منابع اصلاح‌کننده در هشت سطح شامل شاهد (بدون استفاده از منابع اصلاح‌کننده)، قارچ مایکوریزا آربوسکولار (AMF)، باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنس (PFB)، سالیسیلیک‌اسید (SA)، AMF + PFB، AMF + SA، PFB + SA، AMF + PFB + SA بود. آبیاری اول تا سوم برای استقرار مناسب نشاها، براساس تیمار آبیاری شاهد به­صورت 25 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی انجام شد. پس از آبیاری سوم، سایر تیمارهای آبیاری اعمال شد. اندازه‏گیری صفات گیاهی شامل جذب عناصر غذایی، صفات فیزیولوژیکی، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد بیوماس اندام هوایی بود.
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد، که در آبیاری 25 و 50 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی، بیش‌ترین نیتروژن و فسفر برگ در تلفیق AMF + PFB + SA مشاهده شد. هم‌چنین تلفیق AMF + PFB + SA، به­ترتیب سبب افزایش 16 و 30 درصدی پتاسیم برگ در آبیاری 50 و 75 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی شد. شاخص سبزینگی در رژیم­های آبیاری 75 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی در مقایسه با 25 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی 81/12 کاهش نشان داد. بیش‌ترین مقدار شاخص سبزینگی در تلفیق AMF + PFB + SA مشاهده شد. هم‌چنین تلفیق دوگانه منابع اصلاح‌کننده سبب افزایش محتوای نسبی آب برگ و نرخ فتوسنتز در مقایسه با شاهد شد. در چین اول و دوم محتوای کلروفیل b در رژیم­های آبیاری 75 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی نسبت به 25 تخلیه رطوبتی به­ترتیب کاهش 15 و 17 درصدی نشان دادند. در چین اول و دوم عملکرد بیولوژیک در تلفیق AMF + PFB + SA در مقایسه با شاهد به­ترتیب افزایش 15 و 13 درصدی نشان داد.
نتیجه­‌گیری: به­طور کلی به­دلیل اثرات مثبت تلفیق AMF + PFB + SA بر شاخص­های فتوسنتزی و عملکردی سرخارگل می‏توان این تیمار را در شرایط تنش‌های خشکی توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Echinacea Purpurea by Combined Application of Biofertilizers and Salicylic Acid under Different Irrigation Regimes in Saline Soil Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Vatandoust 1
  • Mehdi Madandoust 2
  • Majid Rajaie 3
  • Mahmood Dejam 2

1 Ph.D Student, Department of Agrotechnology, Fa.C., Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Fa.C., Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Objective: Ameliorating resources (AR) play an important role in plant growth under environmental stress conditions by improving nutrient absorption and balancing physiological traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutrient absorption and physiological traits and growth of Echinacea purpurea with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF), Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria (PFB) and salicylic acid (SA) foliar application in a saline soil under drought stress.
Method: A field experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design, during two consecutive years (2022 and 2023) with two harvests of Echinacea purpurea. The main factor was irrigation regimes included 25, 50, and 75% available water depletion (AWD) and the subfactor consisted of AR in eight levels including control (no AR), AMF, PFB, SA, AMF+ PFB, AMF+ SA, PFB+ SA and AMF+ PFB+ SA. The first, second and third irrigations were carried out based on the control irrigation treatment with 25% moisture depletion, for proper establishment of the seedlings. After the third irrigation, the other irrigation treatments were applied. Nutrient uptake, physiological traits, plant height, and above-ground biomass yield were measured.
Results: The results showed that in irrigation of 25 and 50% AWD, the highest leaf nitrogen and phosphorus were observed in AMF + PFB + SA. Also, the combination of AMF+ PFB+ SA increased leaf potassium by 16 and 30%, in irrigation of 50 and 75% AWD, respectively. The greenness index in irrigation regimes with 75% moisture depletion showed a 12.81% decrease compared to 25% moisture depletion. The highest greenness index value was observed in the combination of AMF+ PFB+ SA. Also, the dual combination of AR increased leaf relative water content and photosynthesis rate compared to the control. In the first and second harvest, chlorophyll b content decreased by 15 and 17%, respectively, at irrigation intervals of 75% AWD compared to 25% AWD. In the first and second harvest, biological yield in AMF+ PFB+ SA increased by 15 and 13%, respectively, compared to the control.
Conclusion: In general, due to the positive effects of AMF+ PFB+ SA on photosynthetic and yield indices of Echinacea, this treatment can be recommended under drought stress condition.




کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological Yield
  • Mycorrhizal Fungi
  • Photosynthesis Rate
  • Pseudomonas fluorescens
  • Bacteria
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