نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج. ایران.

4 گروه علوم باغبانی ،دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه شاهد،تهران، ایران

10.22059/jci.2025.392734.2924

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه اثر محلول‌پاشی سلنیوم در چهار غلظت (صفر، 2، 4 و 6 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سلنیوم) بر بهبود کیفیت میوه انار ملس ساوه را بررسی کرد. سلنیوم یک ریزمغذی مفید است که به رشد گیاه، مقاومت در برابر تنش‌های محیطی و افزایش کیفیت میوه کمک می‌کند. این پژوهش به‌دنبال تعیین غلظت بهینه سلنیوم برای بهبود کیفیت و خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی میوه و بررسی نقش آن در افزایش مقاومت میوه در برابر عوامل تنش زا بود.
روش پژوهش: آزمایش در باغی تجاری در استان مرکزی، ۲۵ کیلومتری جنوب‌غربی ساوه، روی درختان ۱۲ ساله انار رقم ملس ساوه انجام شد. درختان با فاصله ۳×۴ متر کاشته شده بودند. محلول‌پاشی در سه نوبت صورت گرفت؛ نخست در ۱۵ خردادماه پس از گلدهی کامل (تشکیل میوه‌های گل‌های ثمری مرحله اول)، دوم یک ماه بعد و سوم یک ماه پس از مرحله دوم. در زمان رسیدگی تجاری، نمونه‌برداری از میوه و برگ در تیمارها و شاهد انجام شد. صفات ارزیابی‌شده شامل ابعاد و وزن میوه، وزن ۱۰۰ آریل، تعداد میوه، درصد آفتاب‌سوختگی و ترک‌خوردگی، بازارپسندی، عناصر معدنی، مقدار سلنیوم در برگ و میوه، مواد جامد محلول، اسید قابل تیتراسیون، ویتامین C، فنل کل، آنتوسیانین و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بود.
یافته‌ها: محلول‌پاشی سلنیوم به‌ویژه در غلظت ۶ میلی‌گرم در لیتر موجب افزایش طول، قطر، حجم، وزن میوه و وزن ۱۰۰ آریل گردید. تعداد میوه‌ها نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. شاخص‌های کیفی شامل مواد جامد محلول، اسید قابل تیتراسیون، ویتامین C، فنل کل و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در تیمارهای ۴ و ۶ میلی‌گرم در لیتر بهبود معنی‌دار نشان دادند. بیش‌ترین وزن میوه در تیمار ۶ میلی‌گرم در لیتر حاصل شد. هم‌چنین درصد آفتاب‌سوختگی، ترک‌خوردگی و جمعیت کرم گلوگاه کاهش یافت، اگرچه اثر معنی‌داری بر شکل میوه مشاهده نشد. از نظر تغذیه‌ای، افزایش سلنیوم در برگ و میوه همراه با بالارفتن نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم بود. بیش‌ترین مقدار آهن و روی در تیمار ۶ میلی‌گرم در لیتر به‌دست آمد، اما بین سلنیوم و منگنز رابطه آنتاگونیستی دیده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی، محلول‌پاشی پیش‌برداشت سلنیوم، به‌ویژه در غلظت ۶ میلی‌گرم در لیتر، موجب بهبود معنی‌دار ویژگی‌های کمّی و کیفی انار شد. این تیمار علاوه بر بهبود ترکیب معدنی و افزایش ویتامینC  و ترکیبات فنلی، اختلالات فیزیولوژیک را کاهش داده و بازارپسندی میوه را ارتقا داد. بنابراین، استفاده از غلظت ۶ میلی‌گرم در لیتر سلنیوم به‌عنوان روشی مؤثر برای افزایش عملکرد، بهبود کیفیت و کاهش ضایعات پس از برداشت انار توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Pre-Harvest Selenium Foliar Spraying on the Qualitative Improvement of Pomegranate Fruit of the cv. ‘Malase-Saveh’

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meaysam ashtari 1
  • Mohammad Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh 2
  • Mesbah Babalar 3
  • Orang Khademi 4

1 Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

3 Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran..

4 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of selenium foliar spraying at four concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/L) on the qualitative and biochemical characteristics of Malase-Saveh pomegranate fruit. Selenium is an essential micronutrient known for its role in plant growth, stress resistance, and fruit quality enhancement. This research sought to determine the optimal selenium concentration for improving fruit quality and antioxidant properties and to assess its role in enhancing fruit resistance to environmental stresses.
Method: The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a garden located in Saveh. Selenium treatments were applied at three stages: fruit formation on June 4th, July 4th  and Augest 4th.  This ensured gradual nutrient uptake and allowed for comprehensive evaluation of selenium impact over different growth stages. At the commercial ripening stage, fruit and leaf samples were collected from treated and control trees. Measured qualitative traits included fruit length, diameter, shape, volume, 100-aril weight, aril length and diameter, fruit number, sunburn percentage, cracking percentage, marketability, and throatworm infestation. Biochemical traits included macro- and micronutrient levels, selenium content in leaves and fruit, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity, vitamin C, phenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity. These traits provided a comprehensive understanding of selenium impact on fruit quality and plant health.
Results: Foliar application of selenium, particularly at 6 mg L⁻¹, significantly increased fruit length, diameter, volume, weight, and 100-aril weight. The number of fruits per tree was also higher compared to the control. Quality indices such as total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity improved significantly in the 4 and 6 mg L⁻¹ treatments. The highest fruit weight was obtained at 6 mg L⁻¹. Moreover, the incidence of sunburn, fruit cracking, and infestation by the pomegranate fruit borer decreased, although no significant effect was observed on fruit shape. Nutritional analysis showed that selenium application increased selenium concentration in fruit and leaves, along with higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels. The highest iron and zinc contents were observed at 6 mg L⁻¹, whereas an antagonistic relationship was found between selenium and manganese.
Conclusions: Overall, pre-harvest foliar spraying of selenium, especially at 6 mg L⁻¹, significantly improved both quantitative and qualitative traits of pomegranate. This treatment enhanced mineral composition, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds, while reducing physiological disorders and improving marketability. Therefore, foliar application of selenium at 6 mg L⁻¹ is recommended as an effective strategy to increase yield, improve fruit quality, and reduce postharvest losses in pomegranate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pomegranate
  • Selenium
  • Antioxidant capacity
  • Nutrients
  • Total phenols
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