نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌‌آموخته مقطع کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jci.2024.367825.2864

چکیده

هدف: استفاده از کودهای زیستی و آلی به‌منظور کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در تولید گیاهان اهمیت خاصی دارد. پژوهش حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر ورمی‏کمپوست و ازتوباکتر بر رشد، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه خوراکی و دارویی علف‌چشمه (Nasturtium officinale L.) انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: تنش آبی در سه سطح (100، 70 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک) و کودهای آلی و زیستی در چهار سطح (ورمی‌کمپوست (15 درصد وزنی حجمی گلدان)، ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم، ترکیب ورمی‏کمپوست (5/7 درصد وزنی حجمی گلدان)+ ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم و شاهد) به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار بر گیاه علف‌چشمه بررسی شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تنش 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی سبب کاهش معنی‏دار وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه و کلروفیل b و افزایش قندهای محلول نسبت به شاهد شد. تیمار 70 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک موجب تولید بیش‌ترین مقدار قنل کل گردید. ورمی‏کمپوست به‌تنهایی و به‌صورت ترکیب با ازتوباکتر دارای بیش‌ترین نقش در تعدیل تنش خشکی با افزایش رشد و محتوای فتوسنتزی گیاه شدند. بیش‌ترین مقدار کلروفیل a، کلروفیل کل و محتوای نسبی آب برگ در تیمارهای حاوی ورمی‏کمپوست و ترکیب آن با ازتوباکتر در شرایط عدم تنش خشکی به‌دست آمد. بیش‌ترین فعالیت آنزیم‏های کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در شرایط تنش 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بدون کاربرد کود مشاهده شد، درحالی‌که ورمی‏کمپوست و ازتوباکتر سبب کاهش فعالیت آنزیمی در شرایط تنش شدید شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج کلی پژوهش نشان داد که ورمی‏کمپوست به‌تنهایی یا با ترکیب با ازتوباکتر نقش مهمی در تعدیل تنش خشکی با افزایش عملکرد گیاه علف‌چشمه دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Azotobacter and Vermicompost Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) under Water Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Setayesh Mohebbi 1
  • Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi 2
  • Weria Weisany 3

1 Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor Assistant, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Objective: The application of biological and organic fertilizers to alleviate the effects of water stress in medicinal plants is eminent. The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of vermicompost amendment and azotobacter biofertilizer on the growth, physiological and biochemical properties of the watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.) under water stress conditions.
Methods: Water stress at three levels (including 100, 70 and 40 percent of field capacity (FC)) and organic and biological fertilizers at four levels (vermicompost (15 percent by volume), Azotobacter crococum, vermicompost (7.5 percent vermicompost by volume)+ azotobacter, and control) were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design.
Results:  The results showed that the water stress at 40 percent FC caused a significant decrease in shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll b, and increased soluble sugars compared to the control. The treatment of 70 percent FC resulted in the highest amount of total phenol. Vermicompost alone and in combination with azotobacter had the greatest role in modulating water stress by increasing plant growth and photosynthetic pigment content. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and relative leaf water content were obtained in the treatments containing vermicompost and its combination with azotobacter without water stress. The highest activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes was observed under 40% agricultural capacity stress conditions without the application of fertilizer, while vermicompost and Azotobacter caused a reduction in enzymatic activity under severe stress conditions.
Conclusion: The overall results of the research showed that vermicompost alone or in combination with azotobacter plays an important role in modulating water stress by increasing the yield of watercress plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azotobacter
  • Biological and organic fertilizers
  • Phenolic content
  • Water stress
  • Watercress
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