نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان‌غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

گیاه علوفه‌ای تاج‌خروس به‌علت ویژگی‌های تغذیه‌ای و قابلیت سازگاری به شرایط کم‌آبی، می‌تواند گزینه مناسبی برای مقابله با کمبود آب و افزایش بهره‌وری آن در سامانه‌های مختلف مصرف کود باشد. این آزمایش طی دوسال در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در سه تکرار، شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری بعد از تخلیه 40، 60 و 75 درصد آب قابل استفاده) به‌عنوان عامل اول و سامانه‌های مختلف مصرف کود شامل کود ارگانیک (کود گاوی و کود فسفات بارور-2)، شیمیایی (کود فسفر و نیتروژن)، تلفیقی (کود گاوی، فسفات بارور-2، فسفر و نیتروژن) و شاهد (بدون کود) به‌عنوان عامل دوم بود. نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای پروتئین خام، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب، مواد مغذی قابل هضم، ارزش نسبی تغذیه‌ای و انرژی ویژه شیردهی، در اثر کاربرد سامانه‌های مختلف مصرف کود در هر یک از سطوح آبیاری در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد بهبود یافت. عملکرد بیوماس و عملکرد پروتئین علوفه به‌ترتیب 89/38 و 37/54 درصد در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب، 60/30 و 23/41 درصد در شرایط تنش متوسط و 20/22 و 92/34  درصد در شرایط تنش شدید (به‌ترتیب آبیاری بعد از تخلیه 40، 60 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) در سیستم کودی تلفیقی نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش نشان داد. با توجه به نتایج کاربرد کودهای ارگانیک به‌تنهایی و یا در ترکیب با کود شیمیایی در بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی علوفه تاج‌خروس در شرایط آبیاری بعد از تخلیه 40 و60 درصد آب قابل استفاده تأثیر مثبتی در عملکرد گیاه مشاهده شد. در این راستا، استفاده بهینه از کودهای تلفیقی در راستای کشاورزی پایدار و کاهش آلودگی ناشی از مصرف کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد می­شود­.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of chemical and organic fertilizer system on the quality and quantity of Amaranthus (cv. Cim) forage under the influence of different irrigation levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdollah Hasanzadeh Gorttapeh 1
  • Saeid Heydarzadeh 2
  • Amir Rahimi 3

1 Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crop Science Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Urmia, Iran.

2 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Amaranth forage plants, due to their nutritional properties and ability to adapt to drought conditions, can be a good option to deal with water deficiency and increased productivity under different fertilizer systems. This experiment spans for 2 years in form of a complete random block design based on a factorial with three replications, three levels of irrigation (irrigation after depleting 40%, 60%, and 75% of available water) as the first factor and organic (cow manure and phosphate-2), chemical (phosphorus and nitrogen), integrated, and control (no fertilizer) fertilizer systems as the second one. Results of this study show that crude protein, digestibility of dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, digestible nutrients, relative nutritional value, and specific energy of lactation, due to the application of different fertilizer systems in each irrigation level have been improved, compared to non-consumption of the fertilizer. The performance of biomass and forage protein are increased by 38.89% and 54.37%, 30.60% and 41.23%, and 22.20% and 34.92% in optimal, moderate, and severe stress conditions, respectively in integrated fertilizer system than the control. Also, this study shows that the use of organic fertilizers alone or combined with chemical fertilizers improve quantitative and qualitative traits of amaranthus forage irrigation after depleting 40% and 60% of available water. So, optimal use of biological inputs for sustainable agriculture and reduction of pollution, caused by the use of chemical fertilizers, is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forage
  • Integrated fertilizer
  • Irrigation shortage
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Yield
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