نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

4 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی نانوذره منیزیم بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک آفتابگردان تحت شرایط خشکی آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در دو سال زراعی 97-1396 و 98-1397 با سه تکرار در مزرعه واقع در بخش دانه­های روغنی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تنش خشکی در دو سطح آبیاری نرمال و تنش خشکی و ارقام آفتابگردان شامل فرخ، شمس، قاسم و برزگر و زمان کاربرد نانوذرات منیزیم در سه سطح بدون محلول‌پاشی، محلول‌پاشی در مرحله گلدهی و مرحله پرشدن دانه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث کاهش میزان ارتفاع، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزاردانه، قطر طبق، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد روغن شد ولی محلول‌پاشی نانوذره منیزیم باعث بهبود اثر تنش خشکی و افزایش صفات مورفولوژیک شد. تنش خشکی باعث افزایش (13 درصد) شاخص نشت الکترولیت و کاهش (نه درصد) محتوای نسبی آب برگ شد، ولی نانوذره منیزیم باعث کاهش (نه درصد) محتوای شاخص نشت الکترولیت و افزایش (10 درصد) محتوای نسبی آب برگ شد. واکنش­ ارقام به سطوح تنش یکسان نبود و در کل ارقام برزگر، شمس، قاسم و فرخ بیش‌ترین تحمل را نسبت به تنش خشکی از خود نشان دادند، به‌طوری‌که بیش‌ترین میزان عملکرد دانه (53/3427 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و درصد روغن (96/43 درصد) مربوط به رقم برزگر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Foliar Application of Magnesium Nanoparticles on Morphophysiologic Characteristics of ‎Sunflower Cultivars under Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azam Fatemi 1
  • payam moaveni 2
  • Jahanfar Daneshian 3
  • hamid mozaffari 2
  • Mehdi Ghaffari 4

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahre Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahre Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Seed and plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Seed and plant Improvement Institute Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The present study attempts to investigate the effect of Magnesium nanoparticle spraying solution on some morphophysiological traits of sunflower under experimental drought conditions. Hence, it conducts an experiment as split split plot in a randomized, completely block design, with three replicates at the field of oilseed section of seed and plant Improvement during 2017-2019 growing season. The treatments include drought stress at two levels: normal irrigation and drought stress. The studied sunflower cultivars include Farrokh, Shams, Qasem & Barzegar, and Magnesium nanoparticles application time at Three Levels: no spraying solution, spraying at flowering stage, and grain filling stage. Results show that drought stress reduces the amount of traits such as height, shoot dry weight, number of grains per head, 1000 grain weight, head diameter, grain yield, oil percentage, and oil yield; however, magnesium nanoparticle spraying solution improves the drought stress effect and increases morphological traits. Drought stress increases electrolyte leakage index and decreases relative water content of leaves by 13% and 9%, respectively. However, magnesium nanoparticles decrease the content of electrolyte leakage index by 9% and increase relative leaf water content by 10%. The cultivars’ response to stress levels has not been the same. In general, Barzegar, Shams, Qasem, and Farrokh cultivars show the highest tolerance to drought stress. Also the highest grain yield and oil percentage are related to Barzegar cultivar by 3427.53 kg/h and 43.96%, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Capitulum
  • Drought stress
  • Grain yield
  • Magnesium nanoparticles
  • Oil percentage
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