Ahmadi, A., & Siosemardeh, A. (2005). Effect of Drought Stress on Soluble Carbohydrates, Chlorophyll and Proline in four Wheat Cultivars Adapted to Different Climatic Condition of Iran. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 35(3), 753-763. (In Persian).
Ahmadi, J., Seyfi, M.M., & Aminidehghi, M. (2013). Effect of spraying micronutrients Fe, Zn and Ca on grain and oil yield of sesame (Sesamus indicum L.) varieties. Journal of Crop Production, 5(3), 115-130.
Amini, H., Arzani, A., & Karami, M. (2014). Effect of water deficiency on seed quality and physiological traits of different safflower genotypes. Turkish Journal of Biology, 38(2), 271-282.
Antunes, M. D., Panagopoulos, C., Rodrigues, T. S., Neves, N., & Curado, F. (2005) The effect of pre and postharvest calcium applications on Hayward kiwifruit storage ability. Acta Horticulturae, 682, 909-916.
Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1), 1.
Attarzadeh, M., Rahimi, A., Torabi, B., & Dashti, H. (2014). Effect of Ca, K, and Mn Foliar Spray on Vegetative Traits of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Salt Stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12(3), 445-453.
Bassil, B.S., & Kaffka, S.R. (2002). Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation. II Crop response to salinity. Agricultural Water Management, 54(1), 81-92.
Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., & Teare, I., D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1), 205-207.
Boldrin, P.F., Faquin, V., Ramos, S.J., Boldrin, K.V.F., Ávila, F.W., & Guilherme, L.R.G. (2013). Soil and foliar application of selenium in rice biofortification. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 31(2), 238-244.
Bouchereau, A., Clossais-Besnard, N., Bensaoud, A., Leport, L., & Renard, M. (1996). Water stress effects on rapeseed quality. European Journal of Agronomy, 5, 19-30.
Broadley, M., Brown, P., Cakmak, I., Ma, J.F., Rengel, Z., & Zhao, F. (2015). Beneficial elements. In: P. Marschner (Ed.) Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants, (5th Edition). Academic Press Inc. pp, 488-504.
Chavoushi, M., Najafi, F., Salimi, A., & Angaji, S. A. (2020). Effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites of safflower under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 259, 108823.
Dadnia, M.R. (2013). The effect of water deficiency and selenium foliar application on the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in oilseed sunflower cultivars. Journal of Crop Physiology. Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz Branch, 14(14), 71-81. (In Persian).
Djanaguiraman, M., Devi, D. D., Shanker, A. K., Sheeba, J. A., & Bangarusamy, U. (2004). Impact of selenium spray on monocarpic senescence of soybean (Glycine max L.). Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 2, 44-47.
Djanaguiraman, M., Devi, D.D., Shanker, A.K., Sheeba, J.A., & Bangarusamy, U. (2005). Selenium–an antioxidative protectant in soybean during senescence. Plant and Soil, 272(1), 77-86.
Dordas, C. (2009). Foliar application of calcium and magnesium improves growth, yield, and essential oil yield of oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum). Industrial Crops and Products. 29, 599-608.
Frachisse, J.M., Thomine, S., & Allain, J.M. (2020). Calcium and plasma membrane force-gated ion channels behind development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 53, 57-64.
Gaonkar, M., & Chakraborty, A.P. (2016). Application of Eggshell as Fertilizer and Calcium Supplement Tablet. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(3), 3520-3525.
Habibi, G. (2013). Effect of drought stress and selenium spraying on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of spring barley/Ucinek susnega stresa in skropljenja s selenom na fotosintezo in antioksidativno aktivnost jarega jecmena. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 101(1), 31-39.
Habibi, GH., Ghorbanzadeh, P., & Abedini, M. (2016). Effect of Selenium on some physiological properties of medicinal plant (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 32(4), 698-715. (In Persian).
Hajiboland, R., Keyvanfar, N., Joudmand, A., Rezaee, H., & Yusefnezhad, M. (2014). The effect of Selenium treatment on drought tolerance in Canola. Iranian Journal of Biology, 27(4), 557-568. (In Persian).
Han-Wens, S., Jing, H., Shu-Xuan, L., & Wei-Jun. K. (2010). Protective role of selenium on garlic growth under cadmium stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41, 1195-1204.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Gill, S.S., Alharby, H.F., Razafindrabe, B.H., & Fujita, M. (2017). Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Brassica napus L.: an intrinsic study on antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1-19.
Hayat, S., Hayat, Q., Alyemeni, M. N., Wani, A. S., Pichtel, J., & Ahmad, A. (2012). Role of proline under changing environments: a review. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 7(11), 1456-1466.
Ibrahim, M. F. M., Faisal, A., & Shehata, S. A. (2016). Calcium chloride alleviates water stress in sunflower plants through modifying some physio-biochemical parameters. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 16, 677-693.
Jabbari, H., Akbari, A., Khosh Kholgh Sima, N.A., & Alahdadi, I. (2014). Comparison of the Role of Antioxidant and Proline Enzymes in Drought tolerance in (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Oil Plant Production, 1(1), 15-31. (In Persian).
Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, M., Al-Juburi, H.J., Somasundaram, R., & Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11, 100-105.
Karimi, A., & Tadayon, A. (2018). The effect of humic acid foliar application on yield and some morphological properties of safflower under drought stress conditions. Applied Research in Field Crops, 31(1), 19-38. (In Persian).
Khademi, B., Sheybani, H., & Borzu, A. (2016). Effect of selenium foliar application on quality traits and enzymatic activity of safflower under different soil moisture regimes in Varamin region. Agronomic Research in semi Desert Regions, 12(3), 183-196. (In Persian).
Khalili, M., Naghavi, M.R., & Pour Aboughadareh, A.R. (2016). Evaluation of seed Yield and some Agronomic and morphological traits in spring safflower genotypes under irrigation and dryland condition. Journal of Crop Breeding, 7(16), 139-148. (In Persian).
Kuznetsov, V.V., Kholodova, V.P., Kuznetsov, V.V., & Yagodin, B.A. (2003). Selenium regulates the water status of plants exposed to drought. Doklady Biological Sciences, 390, 266-268.
Lehmann, S., Funck, D., Szabados, L., & Rentsch, D. (2010). Proline metabolism and transport in plant development. Amino Acids, 39, 949-962.
Mahaveer, B.M., & Jaldappa, S. (2000). Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium (IV) Using Methdilazine Hydrochloride. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 24, 287-290.
Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plant. Academic Press, London.
Ministry of Agriculture-jahad. https://zeraat.maj.ir/Dorsapax/userfiles/Sub56/Amarnamehj1-95-96-site.pdf
Misra, A., & Srivastava, N.K. (2000). Influence of water stress on Japanese Mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plant, 7(1), 51-58.
Moez-Ardalan, M., & Savaghebi-Firoozabadi, G. (2014). Nutrition of fruit trees. Tehran, Iran: Jahad Publication.
Mohtashami, R., Dehnavi, M.M., Balouchi, H., & Faraji, H. (2020). Improving yield, oil content and water productivity of dryland canola by supplementary irrigation and selenium spraying. Agricultural Water Management, 232, 106046.
Motakefi, M., Ghanbari, A., Moussavi Nik, S., & Sirousmehr, A. (2019). Effect of organic growth stimulator on yield, yield components, oil percentage and some physiological indices of canola under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Improvement, 21(4), 367-377. (In Persian)
Mousavifar, B.A., Behdani, M.A., Jam Alahmadi, M.J., & Hosseini Bajd, M.S. (2010). Effects of limited irrigation on growth and yield of spring genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Birjand. Journal of Agricultural Ecology, 2(4), 639- 627. (In Persian).
Naeem, M., Naeem, M. S., Ahmad, R., Ihsan, M. Z., Ashraf, M. Y., Hussain, Y., & Fahad, S. (2018). Foliar calcium spray confers drought stress tolerance in maize via modulation of plant growth, water relations, proline content and hydrogen peroxide activity. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(1), 116-131.
Nawaz, F., Naeem, M., Ashraf, M.Y., Tahir, M.N., Zulfiqar, B., Salahuddin, M., Shabbir, R.N., & Aslam, M. (2016). Selenium supplementation affects physiological and biochemical processes to improve fodder yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1438.
Niakan, M., & Ghorbanli, M.L. (2007). Effect of drought stress on growth indices of photosynthetic factors and ionic content in aerial and underground of two soybean cultivars. Vegetables, 8(1), 17-30. (In Persian).
Paliyath, G., & Thompson, J. E. (1987). Calcium and calmodulin regulated breakdown of phospholipid by microsomal from bean cotyledons. Plant. Physiol. 83, 63‐68.
Pezzarossa, B., Gorini, F., & Petruzzelli, G. (2014). Selenium distribution and bioavailability in contaminated sites: dynamics and bioavailability of malondialdehyde in the leaf zone. Taylor and Francis Group. UK. 93-128.
Piekielek, W.P. & Fox, R.H. (1992). Use of a chlorophyll meter to predict side dress nitrogen requirements for maize. Agronomy Journal, 84(1), 59-65.
Pirzad, A., Alyari, H., Shakiba, M. R., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., & Mohammadi, A. (2006). Essential oil content and composition of german chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) at different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agronomy, 5(3), 451-455. (In Persian).
Prokopov, T.S. (1973). Spectrophotometric determination of calcium. Microchimica Acta. 61(3), 429-434.
Rahmani, F., Sayfzadeh, S., Jabbari, H., Valadabadi, S. A., & Masouleh, E. H. (2019). Alleviation of drought stress effects on safflower yield by foliar application of zinc. International Journal of Plant Production, 13(4), 297-308.
Roger, G. S. (2006). Development of a crop management program to improve the sugar-content and quality of rockmelons. Horticulture Australia Project Number: Vx00019.
Sajedi, N.A., & Madani, H. (2017). Improvement of some physiological traits of yield and yield components of wheat and barley by using sodium selenite and sodium selenite in dryland conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 11(1), 17-30. (In Persian).
Sajedi, N., Cheraghi, A., Gomarian, M. (2014). Response of agronomic, physiological and quality characteristics of Rainfed chickpea to Salicylic Acid and Selenium. Iranian Journal Pulses Research, 5(2), 31-42.
Sankar, B., Jaleel, C. A., Manivannan, P., Kishorekumar, A., Somasundaram, R., & Panneerselvam, R. (2007). Drought-induced biochemical modifications and proline metabolism in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Acta Botanica Croatica, 66(1), 43-56.
Sattar, A., Cheema, M. A., Abbas, T., Sher, A., Ijaz, M., & Hussain, M. (2017). Separate and combined effects of silicon and selenium on salt tolerance of wheat plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 64(3), 341-348.
Seppänen, M., Turakainen, M., & Hartikainen, H. (2003). Selenium effects on oxidative stress in potato. Plant Science, 165(2), 311-319.
Seppänen, M.M., Ebrahimi, N., Kontturi, J., Hartikainen, H., Heras, I.L., Cámara, C., & Madrid, Y. (2018). Dynamics of selenium uptake and metabolism of organic selenium species in the leaves and seeds of Brassica napus L. Agricultural and Food Science, 27, 38-49.
Soheili-Movahhed, S., Khomari, S., Sheikhzadeh, P., & Alizadeh, B. (2019). Improvement in seed quantity and quality of spring safflower through foliar application of boron and zinc under end-season drought stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42(8), 942-953.
Soxhlet, F. (1879). Die gewichtsanalytische bestimmung des milchfettes. Polytechnisches J, 232, 461-465.
Taheri, SH., Gholami, A., Abbasdokht, H., & Makarian, H. (2018). Alleviation of water deficit stress effects on safflower cultivars by seed priming. Journal of Crop Improvement, 20(2), 487-502. (In Persian).
Tailin, X., Hartikainen, H., & Piironen, V. (2001). Antioxidative and growth-promoting effect of selenium on senescing Lettuce. Plant and Soil, 237, 55-61.
Tanaka, D.L., Rivaland, N.B., Bergman, J.W., & Johnson, B.L. (2002). A description of safflower plant development stages. United States Department of Agriculture. Report 2.
Ulhassan, Z., Gill, R.A., Ali, S., Mwamba, T.M., Ali, B., Wang, J., Huang, Q., Aziz, R., & Zhou, W. (2019). Dual behavior of selenium: insights into physio-biochemical, anatomical and molecular analyses of four Brassica napus cultivars. Chemosphere, 225, 329-341.
Ünyayar, S., Keleþ, Y., & Ünal, E. (2004). Proline and ABA levels in two sunflower genotypes subjected to water stress. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology, 30(3-4), 34-47.
Van Oosterom, E. J., Weltzien, E., Yadav, O. P., & Bidinger, F. R. (2006). Grain yield components of pearl millet under optimum conditions can be used to identify germplasm with adaptation to arid zones. Field Crops Research, 96(2-3), 407-421.
Wang, W., Vinocur, B., & Altman, A. (2003). Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta, 218, 1-14.
Xiao, X., Xu, X., & Yang, F. (2008). Adaptive responses to progressive drought stress in two Populus cothayana populations. Silva Fennica, 42, 705-719.
Xue, T., Hartikainen, H., & Piironen, V. (2001). Antioxidative and growth-promoting effect of selenium on senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil, 237(1), 55-61.
Yao, X., Chu, J., & Wang, G. (2009). Effects of selenium on wheat seedlings under drought stress. Biological Trace Element Research, 130(3), 283-290.
Yao, X., Chu, J., He, X., & Ba, C. (2011). Protective Role of selenium in Wheat seedlings Subjected to Enhanced UVB Radiation. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 58, 283-289.
Yonesi, A., SAarifzade, F., & Ahmadi, A. (2010). Effect of irrigation on grain yield, yield components and some germination characteristics grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars of kimia. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 41(1), 187-195. (In Persian).
Yusefvand, P., Sajedi, N.A., & Mirzakhani, M. (2011). Effect of drought stress, zeolite and and selenium on yield and yield components on sunflower. New Findings in Agriculture, 5(3), 325-339. (In Persian).
Zafari, M., Ebadi, A., Sedghi, M., Jahanbakhsh, S., & Miransari, M. (2020). Alleviating effect of 24-epibrassinolide on seed oil content and fatty acid composition under drought stress in safflower. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 10, 35-44.
)