نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

در این پژوهش پیامد شیوه­های گوناگون کاربرد پادزیست­های پرکاربرد در کشاورزی (جنتامایسین، اکسی‌تتراسایکلین و پنی‌سیلین) در میزان­های گوناگون بر شناسه­های رشد اندام هوایی و ریشه­ای گیاه نخود (Cicer arientum L.)، و شمار گره ریزوبیومی و فراوانی همه باکتری­ها، همه قارچ­ها و باکتری­های روده­ای در خاک پیرامون ریشه گیاه پس از 60- روز رشد در گلخانه با طرح اسپلیت-پلات ارزیابی شد. کاربرد پادزیست­ها، حتی جنتامایسین مایه افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی گیاه در برابر گواه شد و کم‌ترین میزان برابر 98/0 گرم در گلدان در تیمار بدون پادزیست دیده شد. وزن خشک ریشه در کاربرد پنی‌سیلین به‌ویژه در میزان بالا بیش‌ترین بود (1/1 گرم در گلدان) و در کاربرد جنتامایسین به‌ویژه به شیوه بذرمال کم‌ترین (48/0 گرم در گلدان) بود. به‌طورکلی، کاربرد پادزیست‌ها مایه کاهش نسبت وزن خشک ریشه به اندام هوایی در برابر گواه آزمایش شد. کاربرد همه پادزیست ها در برابر گواه مایه افزایش شمار باکتری­های خاک گلدان پس از 60 روز شد. افزایش میزان کاربرد پادزیست­های جنتامایسین و پنی­سیلین شمار گره ریشه نخود را به‌دنبال هم به میزان 8/78 و 7/59 درصد کاهش داد. کاربرد پادزیست­ها به گونه بذرمال بیش‌ترین پیامد بد بر شناسه­های رشدی گیاه نخود و هم‌چنین شمار گره­های ریزوبیومی در ریشه گیاه داشت. به‌طورکلی، پیامدهای پادزیست­ها بر فراوانی ریزجانداران خاک و رشد گیاه به گونه پادزیست و شیوه کاربرد آن بستگی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Application of Mostly Applied Antibiotics in Agriculture on Soil Bacteria and Fungi ‎Count in Rhizosphere Soil, Growth Indices, and Nodule Number of Chickpea Roots

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Rashtbari 1
  • Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani 2

1 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

2 Professor. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The present study evaluates the effect of various application methods of mostly applied antibiotics in agriculture (gentamicin, oxytetracycline, penicillin) at different concentrations on root and shoot growth indices and number of rhizobial nodules of chickpea plant and the count of total bacteria, fungi, and coliforms in the soil around the plant root after a growth period of 60 days in greenhouse as a split-plot design. Application of antibiotics, even gentamicin, raises plant shoot dry weight, compared to the control, with the lowest weight of 0.98 g/pot observed in the control (without antibiotic). Root dry weight in penicillin-applied treatments, especially at higher concentrations has been the highest (1.1 g/pot), and the lowest in gentamicin-applied treatments, especially when applied as seed coating (0.48 g/pot). In total, antibiotic application decreases the root to shoot ratio compared to the control. Application of all antibiotics increase soil bacterial count in the pots after 60 days in comparison with the control. Also, increasing the concentration of gentamicin and penicillin, decreases plant root nodule number by 78.8% and 59.7%, respectively. Overall, the effect of antibiotics on soil microbial count and plant growth depends on antibiotic type and application method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foliar application
  • Gentamicin
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Penicillin
  • Seed coating
  • Soil microorganisms
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