نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر دو جدایه قارچ­ میکوریز موجود در ریزوسفر زعفران بر عملکرد گل زعفران و جذب عناصر غذایی، مطالعه‌ای به­صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در طی سال­های 99-1396 در مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب واقع در شهرستان کرج اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل رژیم آبیاری به­عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری در ابتدای فصل رشد (محدودیت ملایم آب) و قطع آبیاری در ابتدا و اواسط فصل رشد (محدودیت شدید آب))، و عامل فرعی بستر کاشت در سه سطح (عدم مصرف کود آلی، ورمی‌کمپوست (20 تن در هکتار) و بیوچار (10 تن در هکتار)) و قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار در سه سطح (عدم مصرف، جدایه a و جدایه b) بودند. براساس یافته­های مولکولی هر دو جدایه جداسازی‌شده از ریزوسفر زعفران متعلق به گونه Rhizophagus irregularis بود. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که بیش‌ترین عملکرد تر گل، فسفر و پتاسیم موجود در برگ به‌ترتیب با مقدار 76/7 گرم در گلدان، 4/1032 و 8/24876 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم متعلق به تیمار آبیاری کامل× بیوچار× جدایه b بود. تیمار آبیاری کامل× ورمی­کمپوست× جدایه b بالاترین درصد نیتروژن (757/1) موجود در برگ را داشت. بیش‌ترین­ عملکرد تر و خشک کلاله (به­ترتیب 358/0 و 062/0 گرم در گلدان) در تیمار آبیاری کامل× بیوچار مشاهده شد. شناسایی قارچ میکوریز بومی گیاه و تولید آن و هم‌چنین استفاده از کود­های آلی می­تواند در تولید پایدار این گیاه نقش به‌سزایی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Saffron Symbiosis and Investigation ‎of Their Effect on Yield and Nutrient Uptake under Water Interruption and Different Planting Bed

نویسندگان [English]

  • maryam habibi 1
  • faeze zaefarian 2
  • farhad rejali 3
  • nadali bagheri 4

1 Ph.D. Student , Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural, Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Saffron rhizosphere on yield and nutrient uptake, a study has been conducted as split plot factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the institute of Soil and Water research in Karaj, during 2017-2020. The treatment is consisted of irrigation regime as the main factor in three levels (complete irrigation as control, water interruption at the beginning of the growing season (mild restriction water), and water interruption at the beginning and in the middle of the growing season (severe restriction water)), sowing media in three levels (no organic fertilizer, vermicompost (20 ton ha-1), and biochar (10 ton ha-1) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal in three levels (no application, isolate a, and isolate b) as the subfactor. Based on the molecular findings, both isolates, isolated from saffron rhizosphere, belong to Rhizophagus irregularis. Results from this study show that the highest fresh yield of flowers, i.e. phosphorus and potassium in the leaves  of 7.76 g per pot, 1032.4.4 and 24876.8 mg kg-1, respectively, belongs to the complete irrigation× biochar× strain b treatment. Complete irrigation× vermicompost× strain b treatment has had the highest percentage of nitrogen (1.757) in the leaves. The highest fresh and dried yield of stigma (0.358 and 0.062 gr per pot, respectively) has been observed in complete irrigation × biochar treatment. Identification of native mycorrhizal fungi and its production as well as the use of organic fertilizers can play an important role in sustainable production of this plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Identification Arbuscular mycorrhizal
  • Irrigation
  • Saffron
  • Sowing media
  • Stigma yield
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