نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

4 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی پاسخ‏های فیزیولوژیک ارقام نخود به آبیاری تکمیلی و سطوح مختلف پلیمر سوپرجاذب آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال‏ زراعی 1394-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان خرم آباد به اجرا درآمد. زمان آبیاری تکمیلی در سه سطح (بدون آبیاری تکمیلی، 50 درصد گلدهی و 50 درصد پرشدن دانه) به عنوان عامل اصلی و ارقام (آرمان، آزاد و گریت) و پلیمر سوپر جاذب (صفر، 100 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به صورت فاکتوریل در درون کرت‏های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد انجام آبیاری تکمیلی و استفاده از پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب موجب کاهش قندهای محلول و درصد پروتئین دانه شده و در مقابل قندهای نامحلول، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و کلروفیل کل در گیاه نخود افزایش پیدا کرد. در بین مراحل آبیاری تکمیلی آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی موجب افزایش 74 درصدی عملکرد دانه نسبت به کشت دیم شد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت از رقم گریت همراه با آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گلدهی و کاربرد 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار پلیمر سوپر جاذب به ترتیب با میانگین‏های 2179 کیلوگرم در هکتار، 4012 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 3/54 درصد به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که در تمام سطوح آبیاری تکمیلی استفاده از پلیمر سوپر جاذب موجب بهبود شرایط رشد گیاه و در نتیجه افزایش معنی‏دار عملکرد دانه می‏شود و با افزایش مصرف پلیمر سوپر جاذب در تیمارهای آبیاری تکمیلی این افزایش بیشتر نیز می‏شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer using under rainfed farming system

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azimeh Bagheri 1
  • Ataalah Siadat 2
  • Ahmad Koochekzadeh 3
  • Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat 3
  • Masoud Rafiee 4

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetic, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of seed and plant improvement Research, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Khorramabad, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer use, an experiment was conducted in 2015 using a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in the research farm of Khorramabad Agricultural Research Center. Factors were supplemental irrigation times (without supplemental irrigation, irrigation in 50 percent of flowering and irrigation in 50 percent of seed filling) as main factor and cultivars (Arman, Azad and Greet) and super absorbent polymer (zero, 100 and 200 kg/ha) in the sub plots. The result showed that the supplemental irrigation and super absorbent polymer reduced soluble carbohydrates and seed protein and increased insoluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Supplemental irrigation in 50 percent of flowering satge increased 74 percent of seed yield compared to dry land condition. The highest seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from Greet cultivar with supplemental irrigation at 50 percent of flowering stage and application of 200 kg/ha super absorbent polymer, with the averages 2179 kg/ha, 4012 kg/ha and 54.3 percent, respectively. The results showed that at all levels of supplemental irrigation, the use of superabsorbent polymer improves plant growth conditions and, consequently, significantly increased seed yield. This will increase further by increasing the consumption of super absorbent polymer within supplementary irrigation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll a
  • chlorophyll b
  • seed protein
  • soluble carbohydrates
  • unsoluble carbohydrates
Abedi Koupai, J. & Mesforoush, M. (2009). Evaluation of Superabsorbent Polymer Application on Yield, Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Iranian Journal of lrrigation and drainage. 2(3), 100-111. (In Persian)
Alahyari, S., Golchin, A. & Vaezi, A.R. (2013). Study on Effect of super absorbent polymer application on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed conditions. Journal of Plant Production Research, 20(1), 125-139. (In Persian)
Alizadeh, A. (2008). Soil, Water and Plant relationship. Emam Reza University of Mashhad 484p.
Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper Enzyme in isolated chloroplasts Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1), 1-15.
Bagheri. A. (2014). The Effect of Biofertilizers and Superabsorbent on quantitative, qualitative and growth Characteristics in Khorramabad Climate Conditions. M.Sc. thesis. Faculty of agriculture. Lorestan University.99p.
Bahrani, A., Heidari Sharif Abad, H., Tahmasebi Savestani, Z., Moafpourian, GH. & Ayenehband, A. (2009). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to nitrogen and postanthesis water deficit. American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 6(2), 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814295048_0060.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D. & Basra, S.M.A. (2009). Plant drought stress: Effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29(1), 185–212.
Ghorbanli, M., Noujavan, M., Heydari, R., & Farbodnia, T. (2001). Changes in soluble sugars, starch and proteins by drought stress in two varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1(1), 38-53. (In Persian)
Haghverdi, A., Leib, B., Washington-Allen, R., C. Wright, W., Ghodsi, S., Grant, T., Zheng, M.  & Vanchiasong, P. (2019). Studying crop yield response to Supplemental irrigation and the spatial Heterogeneity of soil Physical Attributes in a Humid Region. Agriculture, 9(43), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9020043.
Islam, M. R., Enehi, A. E., Ren, C., Li, J. & Hu, Y. (2011). Impact of water-saving superabsorbent polymer on oat (Avena spp) yield and quality in an arid sandy soil. Scientific Research and Essays, 6(4), 720-728. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE10.476.
Islam, M.R., Xue, X., Mao, S., Zhao, X., Eneji, A.E. & Hu, Y. (2011). Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) enhance efficient and eco-friendly production of corn (Zea mays L.) in drought affected areas of northern China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(24), 4887-4894. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.2152.
Kochert, G. (1978). Carbohydrate determination by the phenol sulfuric acid method. In Helebust, J. A., Craigie J. S (eds). Hand book of phycological Methods.Camrbridge University Press, Cambridge. England. 95-97.
Liang, X., Zhang, L., Natarajan, S. K. & Becker, D. F. (2013). Proline Mechanisms of Stress Survival. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. 19(9), 998-1011.https://doi.org/ 10.1089/ars.2012.5074.
Liu, C., Liu, Y., Guo, K., Fan, D., Li, G., Zheng, Y., Yu, L. & Yang, R. (2011). Effect of drought on pigments, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymes in sixwoody plant species in karst habitats of southwestern China. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 71(2), 174-183.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.11.012.
Lum, M.S., Hanafi, M.M., Rafii, Y.M. & Akmar, A.S.N. (2014). Effect of Drought Stress on Growth, Proline and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Upland Rice. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 24(5), 1487-1493.
Maleki, A., Heidari; A., Siadat, A., Tahmasebi, A. & Fath, A. (2011). Effect of Supplementary Irrigation on Yield, Yield Components and Protein Percentages of Chickpea Cultivars in Ilam.Journal of CropEcophysiology, 5(19), 65-78. (In Persian)
Masoomi, A., Kafi, M., Nezami, A., & Hoseyni, S. H. (2006). Effect of drought stress on morphological traits in chickpea (cicer arietinum L.) genotypes in greenhouse. Iranian journal of field crops research, 3(2), 277-289. (In Persian)
Millan, T., Clarke, H. J., Siiddique, K. H. M., Buhariwalla, H. K., Gaur, P. M., Kumar, J., Gil, J.,Kahl, G. & Winter, P. (2006). Chickpea Molecular Breeding: New tools and Concepts. International Journal of Plant Breeding, 147(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-4261-4
Mirzaee, M., Moieni, A. & Ghanati, F. (2013). Effects of drought stress on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivar. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 15(3), 593-602.
Mohammadi, G. R., Ghasemi-Golezani., K. Javanshir, A. & Moghadam, M. (2007). Influence of water limitation on yield of three chickpea types. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 10(2), 109-119. (In Persian).
Mousavi, S. K., Pezeshkpour, A., Khorgami, A., & Noori, M. N. (2010). Effects of supplemental irrigation and crop density on yield, and yield components of Kabuli chickpea cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 7(2), 657-672. (In Persain)
Oweis, T., &Hachum, A. (2006). Water Harvesting and Supplemental Irrigation for Improved Water Productivity of Dry Farming Systems in West Asia and North Africa. Agricultural Water Management, 80(1), 57-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.004.
Parsa, M., Ganjali, A., Rezaeianzadeh, A., & Nezami, A. (2011). Effect of supplemental irrigation on yield and growth indices of three chickpea cultivars in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 9(3), 310-321. (In Persian)
Pezeshkpour, P., M. Refei, S.A. Siadat, & Shakhhosaini, M. (2002). Effect of the reduction of drought stress using supplementary Irrigation for chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) in dry farming condition. 1th National Conference on Pulse in Iran. Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. 53-55. (In Persian)
Senatos, C., Azervedo, H. & Calderia, G. (2001). Isitue and invitro senescence induced by KCL Stress: Nutritional imbalance lipid peroxidation and antioxidant metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(335), 351-360. https://doi.org/jxb/52.355.351.
Shaban, M., Mansorifar, S., Ghobadi, M., & Sabaghpor, H. (2012). Physiological characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer as starter. Iranian journal of Pulses Research, 3(1), 53-66. (In Persian)
Shadmand, H. & Afkari, A. (2018). The Effect of superabsorbent polymer application on some biochemical traits and relative water content of bean cultivars under drought tension.Crop Physiology Journal, 10(39), 61-77. (In Persian).
Zhong, K., Lin, Z.T., Zheng, X.L., Jiang, G.B., Fang, Y.S., Mao, X.Y. & Liao, Z.W. (2013). Starch derivative-based Superabsorbent with integration of water-retaining and controlled-release fertilizers. Carbohydrate Polymers, 92(2), 1367-1376.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.030
Zlatev, Z., Lidon, F.C. (2012). An overview on drought induced changes in plant growth, water relations and photosynthesis. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 24(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v24il.10599.