نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه کشاورزی، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد فراهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فراهان، ایران

3 مربی، گروه کشاورزی، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران

چکیده

این بررسی به منظور ارزیابی خصوصیات زراعی ارقام مختلف گلرنگ بهاره در کشت خالص و چند کشتی همزمان و همچنین معرفی و انتخاب مناسب ترین رقم گلرنگ جهت کشت در منطقه آران و بیدگل واقع در شهرستان کاشان، در اسفند ماه سال 1391 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گردید. ارقام گلرنگ در چهار سطح: شامل رقم فرامان، صفه اصفهان، گلدشت و رقم محلی اصفهان و تیمار چند کشتی همزمان نیز در چهار سطح: شامل کشت خالص گلرنگ، (کشت همزمان گلرنگ + نخود)، (کشت همزمان گلرنگ + یونجه) و (کشت همزمان گلرنگ + پیاز) بود. در این تحقیق صفاتی از قبیل تعداد روز تا تشکیل غوزه، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی، میانگین وزن هر غوزه، میانگین تعداد دانه در هر بوته، عملکرد دانه در هر بوته، عملکرد دانه در متر مربع، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، شاخص برداشت و میانگین وزن یونجه اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ارقام گلرنگ بر صفات تعداد روز تا شروع غوزه دهی، میانگین وزن هر غوزه، میانگین تعداد دانه در بوته، عملکرد دانه در بوته، عملکرد دانه در متر مربع و شاخص برداشت در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. همچنین اثر کشت گیاه همراه، بر صفات میانگین وزن هر غوزه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی گلرنگ معنی دار بود. در بین ارقام مختلف گلرنگ بیشترین و کمترین شاخص برداشت دانه در هکتار با میانگین 31/33 و 52/26 درصد هکتار به ترتیب مربوط به ارقام محلی اصفهان و رقم صفه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of simultaneous cropping on agronomic characteristics of spring safflower cultivars (Cartamus tinctorius L.) in Aran and Bidgol region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Alinaghipour 1
  • Mohammad Mirzakhani 2
  • Karim Nozad Namin 3

1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Naragh Branch, Naragh, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Farahan Branch, Farahan, Iran.

3 Instructor, Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Naragh Branch, Naragh, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to the effect of Simultaneous Cropping on agronomic characteristics of spring safflower cultivars (Cartamus tinctorius L.) in Aran and Bidgol region, this study was carried out in field of Kashan city of Esfahan province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Spring safflower cultivars (V1= Faraman, V2= Goldasht, V3= Esfahan local, V4= Soffeh) and Simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= Cultivation of safflower + chickpea, S2= Cultivation of safflower + alfaalfa, S3= Cultivation of safflower + onion, S4= Cultivation of safflower) were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 4 cm between plants on the rows was used. In this study characteristics such as: days to bolling, number of branches, weight of boll, number of grain per plant, grain yield in plant, grain yield in m-2, biological yield, harvest index and alfalfa biomass were assessed. Results indicated that the effect of safflower cultivars on the characteristics such as: days to bolling, weight of boll, number of grain per plant, grain yield in plant, grain yield in m-2 and harvest index was significant. Effect of Simultaneous cropping treatment on the characteristics such as: weight of boll and biological yield was significant, too. The maximum and minimum of harvest index (33.31 and 26.52 %) were obtained with the Esfahan local and Soffeh cultivars, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alfalfa
  • Chickpea
  • Grain yield
  • harvest index
  • Onion
Ahmadi, M. & Omidi, A. H. (1996). Evalution of seed and effect of harvesting time on oil content of spring and winter safflower. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 27(4), 29-36. (In Persian)
Amini, F., Saeidi, G. & Arzani, A. (2008). Relationship Among Seed Yield and Its Components in Genotypes of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 12(45), 525-535. (In Persian)
 Azari , A. &  Khajehpour, M. R. (2005). Effect of Planting Pattern on Development, Growth, Yield Components and Seed and Petal Yields of Safflower in Summer Planting, Local Variety of Isfahan, Koseh. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 9(3), 131-141.(In Persian)
Azimzadeh, S. m., Neyestani, A. & Rafie, M. (2006). Study of resistance to drought in 16 safflower genotypes. 9th Iranian Conference of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tehran University. Page 295. (In Persian)
Bagheri, M. & Khajehpour, M. R. (1996). Effects of planting date on growth and development of safflower cultivars. Proceedings of the 4th National Conference of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 131 p.
Banik, P., Midya, A., Sarkar, B. K. & Ghose, S. S. (2006). Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. European Journal of Agronomy, 24: 325-332.
Dadashi, N. & Khajehpour, M. R. (2004). Effects of Temperature and Day Length on Developmental Stages of Safflower Genotypes under Field Conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 7(4): 83-102. (In Persian)
Ehsanzadeh, P. & Zareian Baghdad-Abadi, A. (2003). Yield, Yield Components and Growth Characteristics of Two Safflower Genotypes Under Varying Plant Densities. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 7(1): 129-140.(In Persian)
Farahani, S. (2011). Effect of manure, nitrogen fertilizer and inoculation with Azetobacter on agronomic and physiological traits in winter safflower. M.Sc thesis in Agronomy. Islamic Azad University Arak Branch. 173 pages.
Ferasat, M. (2010). Effects of drought stress on agronomic, physiologic and biochemical characteristics in safflower cultivars. M.Sc thesis in Agronomy. Islamic Azad University Arak Branch. 134 pages.
Gazerani Farahani1, K., Mirzakhani, M. & Nozad Namin, K. (2016). Effect of different planting methods on agronomic traits and oil yield of safflower cultivars. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 8(26): 59-67. (In Persian)
Jamali Ramin, F.,  Hamidi, R. & Sotoudehfar, A. (2010). Study of yield and yield components of sunflower and safflower under different ratio of mix cropping. 11th Iranian Conference of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Beheshti University. Page 32. (In Persian)
 Mahdavi Damghani, A., Kouchaki, A. & Zand, A. (2006). Designe and management of ecosystem in sustainable agricultural. 9th Iranian Conference of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tehran University. (In Persian)
 
Mirzakhani, M. (2001). Effect of planting date on yield, yield components and growth analysis of spring safflower cultivars in Markazi province. M.Sc thesis in Agronomy. Islamic Azad University Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch. 150 pages. (In Persian)
 Mirzakhani, M. & Omidi, A. H. (2008). Comparision  of   oil yield  and some agronomic characteristics  in prechilling safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) spring cultivars with winter cultivar. Final Report of Research Designe. Islamic Azad University Farahan Branch. 93 pages. (In Persian)
Mirzakhani, M. & Shirani rad, A. H. (2008). Study and determinate best of planting date of winter safflower cultivars  in Farahan. Final Report of Research Designe. Islamic Azad University Farahan Branch. 108 pages.
(In Persian)
Mirzakhani, M., Ardakani, M. R., Shiranirad, A.H. & Abbasifar, A. R. (2002). Effects of planting date on yield and yield components of spring safflower cultivars in Markazi province. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 2(2), 138-149. (In Persian)
Njoku, S.C., Muoneke, C.O., Okpara, D.A. & Agbo, F.M.O. (2007). Effect of intercropping varieties of sweet potato and okra in an ultisol of southeastern Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 6: 1650-1654.
Omidi, A. (2012). Effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on quantitative and qualitative characters of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). M.Sc thesis in Agronomy. Islamic Azad University Arak Branch. 120 pages. (In Persian)
Pourdad, S. S., Alizadeh, K.,  Azizinegad, R., Shariati, A.,  Eskandari, M., Khiavi, M. & Nabatee, E.  (2008). Study on Drought Resistance in Spring Safflower (Carthamus tinctorus L.) in Different Locations. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 12(45), 403-415. (In Persian)
Rasouli, S. (2011). Effect of Azotobacter, manure and nitrogen application on yield and yield component of winter safflower. M.Sc thesis in Agronomy. Islamic Azad University Arak Branch. 95 pages. (In Persian)
Sibi, M. (2011). Effect of water stress, zeolite and foliar application of salicylic acid on some of agronomical and physiological traits in spring safflower. M.Sc thesis in Agronomy. Islamic Azad University Arak Branch. 215 pages. (In Persian)
Sotoudehfar, A., Hamidi, R. & Jamali Ramin, F. (2010). Effect of different combinations of mix cropping and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of sunflower and safflower. 11th Iranian Conference of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Beheshti University. Page 33. (In Persian)
Ahlawat I. S. (2006). Agronomy-Rabi Crops (Safflower). Division of Agronomy Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi- 110 012.
Banik, P., Midya, A., Sarkar, B. K. & Ghose, S. S. (2006) Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive experiment: European Journal of Agronomy, 24: 325-332.
Cho, M. H. & Tae, R. H. (2000). Purification and Characterization Decarboxylase from the Yellow Petals of (Charthamus tinctorius L.). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 382: 238-244.
Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Andersen, M. K., Jornsgaard, B. & Jensen, E. S. (2006). Density and relative frequency effects on competitive interactions and resource use in pea–barley intercrops. Field Crops Research, 95:256–267.
Nadi, L. A. & Haque, I. (2008). Forage legume-cereal systems: improvement of soil fertility and agricultural production with special reference to sub-saharan Africa. Available on: www.fao.org /Wairdocs/ILRI/x5488E/x5488e0p.htm.
Najafi, N., Mostafaei, M., Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A. & Oustan, Sh. (2013). Effect of Intercropping and Farmyard Manure on the Growth, Yield and Protein Concentration of Corn, Bean and Bitter Vetch. Sustainable Agricultural and Production Science, 23(1): 99-116.
Patel, P. T., Patel, K. J. & Jakasaniya, M. S. (2003). Efficacy of cyclic mode of pond and saline water irrigations on safflower yield. Sesame and Safflower Newsletter No, 18(2003). Published by Institute of Sustainable A griculture, Cordobas, Spain.
Patil, A. J., Murumkar, D. R. & Tambe, S. I. (2002). Genetic variability studies in safflower Newsletter No, 17(2002). Published by Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, Cordoba, Spain.
Rao, V., Ramochandram, M. & Arunachalam, V. (1997). An analysis of association of components of yield and oil in safflower. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 50: 185-191.
Seyedi, M., Hamzei, J., Ahmadvand, G. & Abutalebian, M. A. (2012). The Evaluation of Weed Suppression and Crop Production in Barley-Chickpea Intercrops. Sustainable Agricultural and Production Science, 22(3): 101-114. (In Persian) 
Usla, N., Akin, A. & Halitligil, M. B. (1998). Cultivar, weed and row spacing effects on some agronomic characters of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in spring planting. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (TUBITAK), 22, 533-536.
Zakhia, F. & De Lajudie, P.(2001). Taxonomy of Rhizobia. Agronomy Journal, 21, 569-576.