نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهرود، شاهرود - ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهرود، شاهرود - ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهرود، شاهرود - ایران

چکیده

نیتروژن با افزایش عملکرد برگ، محتوای کلر و نیکوتین برگ و در مقابل، با کاهش محتوای پتاسیم برگ، تأثیر متضادی بر کمیت و کیفیت برگ توتون به‏جای می­گذارد. به‏منظور بهینه­سازی غلظت (پیدا کردن غلظت تعادلی) نیتروژن در برگ، ساقه و ریشه توتون در جهت افزایش همزمان کمیت و کیفیت برگ توتون (محتوای پتاسیم بالا و نیکوتین متعادل و کلر کم) با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی دو آزمایش مزرعه‏ای به‏صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات توتون تیرتاش و ارومیه به‏اجرا در آمد. تیمارها شامل دو منبع کود نیتروژن (اوره و نیترات آمونیوم) و چهار زمان مصرف (مصرف کل، دو سوم ، یک دوم و یک سوم نیتروژن قبل از نشاءکاری و مابقی در مرحله رشد سریع بوته) بود. در پنج مرحله شامل30، 50، 70، 85 و 100 روز بعد از نشاءکاری غلظت نیتروژن در برگ، ساقه و ریشه (ورودی مدل) به‏طور جداگانه اندازه­گیری شد. پس از برداشت، عملکرد برگ فرآوری شده و محتوای پتاسیم، نیکوتین و کلر (خروجی مدل) سنجیده شد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معنی­داری در منابع کودی وجود ندارد. بهترین الگو، مصرف دو سوم کود اوره و یک سوم کود نیترات آمونیوم قبل از نشاءکاری بود. مدل شبکه عصبی با یک لایه پنهان و ساختار 4-15-15 مناسب بود. متوسط مقادیر بهینه غلظت نیتروژن در برگ، ساقه و ریشه به ترتیب 06/3، 42/2 و 51/1 درصد به‏دست آمد که در این غلظت­ها، افزایش همزمان پتانسیل عملکرد کمی و کیفی برگ وجود دارد که باید مورد توجه متخصصین به­زراعی قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of nitrogen concentration of plant tissue for increased quantity and quality of tobacco leaf using an artificial neural network

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hojjat Salehzadeh 1
  • Manouchehr Gholi pour 2
  • Hamid Abbasdokht 3
  • Mehdi Baradaran 2

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University, Shahrood - Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University, Shahrood - Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University, Shahrood - Iran

چکیده [English]

Nitrogen (N) affects adversely the tobacco yield quantity and quality as it increases yield, Chlorine and nicotine contents, but decrease potassium content. This experiment was aimed at optimization of (the balance between) N concentration in leaf, stem and root to increase both yield quantity and quality (high potassium, low Chlorine and medium nicotine contents) using artificial neural network. Two field experiments based on complete block design with three replications were conducted in Tirtash and Urmia tobacco research centers. Treatments were factorial arrangement of two N sources (urea and nitrate ammonium) and four application patterns (basal, 2/3 basal and 1/3 after initiation of rapid growth (AIRG), 1/2 basal and 1/2 at AIRG, 1/3 basal and 2/3 at AIRG). The N concentration of leaf, stem and root (model inputs) was measured in 30, 50, 70, 85 and 100 days after transplanting. After harvesting, the quantity of cured leaf and its Cl, K and nicotine content (model outputs) were also determined. The results indicated that a model with one hidden layer and configuration of 15-15-4 is appropriate and there were no significant different between two N sources. The best pattern was use of nitrate ammonium in 2/3 basal and urea 1/3 basal.  The average value of optimized N concentration was 3.06, 2.42 and 1.5 percent for leaf, stem and root, respectively. These optimized concentrations can lead to potential increase in quality and quantity of tobacco which should be taken into consideration by breeders and agronomists.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf
  • potassium
  • Chlorine
  • Nicotine
  • model
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