نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان - ایران

2 دانشیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان - ایران

3 استادیار علوم باغبانی، گروه مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر - ایران

4 استاد گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، کرج - ایران

5 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران، کرج - ایران

چکیده

سیستم‌ کاشت متراکم یکی از روش‌های مؤثر در جهت افزایش تولید و بهره‌وری در باغ‌های میوه می‌باشد. در پژوهش حاضر، اثر چهار تراکم کاشت (1904، 2666، 3137 و 4800 درخت در هکتار) بر روی رشد شاخه سال جاری، صفات فیزیکوشیمیایی میوه و غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ درختان سیب رقم ‘گرانی‌اسمیت’ روی پایه رویشی 26M در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار، طی سال­های 90-1389، در پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اثر تراکم‌های مختلف کاشت بر رشد شاخه سال ‌جاری، اندازه میوه، مجموع مواد جامد‌ محلول، میزان ماده خشک، درصد خاکستر میوه و میزان آفتاب‌سوختگی میوه معنی‌دار شد، درحالی‌که کاشت متراکم بر وزن میوه، نسبت طول به قطر، اسید قابل‌تیتر و سفتی میوه اثر معنی‌داری نشان نداد. غلظت نیتروژن، مس و آهن برگ به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تراکم کاشت قرار گرفت. برگ درختان در تراکم 1904 درخت در هکتار دارای بیشترین میزان نیتروژن (81/1 درصد) و مس (39 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم) و کمترین میزان آهن (237 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم) بودند. اگرچه غلظت فسفر، پتاسیم، منیزیم و منگنز موجود در برگ تحت تأثیر تراکم کاشت معنی‌دار نشد، ولی با افزایش تراکم، غلظت این عناصر در برگ درختان افزایش پیدا کرد. غلظت کلسیم موجود در برگ با افزایش تراکم کاهش یافت. افزایش در غلظت نیتروژن با کاهش رشد شاخه‌های سال ‌جاری همراه بود، درحالی‌که افزایش در غلظت آهن با افزایش رشد شاخه سال ‌جاری همراه بود. همچنین، درختان با محصول بیشتر مقادیر نیتروژن بیشتر و آهن کمتری در برگ‌های خود تجمع دادند. لذا، در شرایط اقلیمی کشور با افزایش تراکم کاشت باغات سیب می‌توان بدون کاهش شدید کیفیت میوه محصول بیشتری در کوتاه‌مدت تولید کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of planting density on fruit quality and leaf elements concentration of apple on rootstock of M26

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nabi Hadavand 1
  • Ahmad Ershadi 2
  • Rohollah Karimi 3
  • Alireza Talaei 4
  • Mohammad Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh 5

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan - Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan - Iran

3 Assistant Professor in Horticultural Science, Department of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer - Iran

4 Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj - Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj - Iran

چکیده [English]

High-density planting system is one of the effective methods for improving production and profitability of tree orchards. In this research, the effects of four planting densities (1904, 2666, 3137 and 4800 tree/ha) on annual shoot growth, Physicochemical properties of fruit and leaf mineral contents of apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv ‘Granny Smith’) tree grafted on M26 clonal rootstock were studied in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, during 2009-2010. Based on results, planting density significantly affected some qualitative characteristics such as fruit length, fruit diameter, total soluble solid, fruit dry matter, fruit ash and sun scald, but no significant effect on fruit weight, fruit L/D ratio, TA and tenacity were observed. Planting density significantly affected the leaf N and Fe concentrations. The highest N (1.81 percent) and Cu (39 µg/kg) the lowest Fe of leaves (237 µg/kg) was observed with 1904 tree/ha. Although, planting density had no significant effect on other mineral elements, but with increasing the planting density, leaf P, K, Mg and Mn content increased, but, Ca and Cu decreased. Increasing in N and Fe was associated with a decrease and increase of current seasonal shoot growth, respectively. Likewise, trees with higher crop tend to have more N and less Fe. These results showed that, under Iran climatic condition, with increasing in planting density of apple orchardit can be produced higher fruit crop without decrease in its quality parameters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple
  • Dwarf rootstocks
  • fruit quality
  • Leaf mineral
  • Planting density
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