به زراعی کشاورزی

به زراعی کشاورزی

تأثیر کاربرد کود آلی و میکروارگانیسم‌های سودمند بر سبز شدن و استقرار سیاهدانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی (ابوریحان)، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.
2 گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی (ابوریحان)، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران
3 گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی (ابوریحان)، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت. ایران.
4 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، کرج، ایران.
5 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، کرج، ایران
10.22059/jci.2026.405580.2961
چکیده
هدف: این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کود ورمی‌کمپوست و روش‌های مختلف کاربرد میکروارگانیسم‌های مفید بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه سیاه‌دانه طی دو سال زراعی 1402-1401 و 1403- 1402 به‌ترتیب در دو منطقه پاکدشت و کرج انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور ورمی‌کمپوست (مصرف پنج تن در هکتار و عدم مصرف) و تیمار بیولوژیک بذر (11 ترکیب مختلف) در دو مکان جداگانه و چهار بلوک انجام شد. میکروارگانیسم­ها شامل سودوموناس فلورسنس، باسیلوس مگاتریوم و میکوریزا (تلفیقی از سویه‌های فونلیفورمیس موسه، رایزوفاگوس ایرگولاریس و کلاروئیدئوگلوموس اتونیکاتوم) بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که مصرف ورمی‌کمپوست در هر دو منطقه تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری (در سطح یک درصد) بر تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده داشت، به­طوری­که با مصرف ورمی­کمپوست در منطقه پاکدشت و کرج به‌ترتیب، تعداد گره در ساقه اصلی 22 و 15 درصد، وزن خشک گیاهچه 9 و 8 درصد، درصد سبزشدن 10 درصد، سرعت سبزشدن 15 و 28 درصد، درصد استقرار نهایی 22 و 18 درصد بهبود یافت. اثر نوع و نحوه مصرف میکروارگانیسم‌ها تنها بر سرعت سبزشدن در هر دو منطقه معنی‌دار بود، اما اثر متقابل بین روش مصرف میکروارگانیسم و ورمی‌کمپوست بر هیچ یک از صفات معنی‌دار نبود. این امر حاکی از آن است که مصرف ورمی‌کمپوست به‌طور کلی موجب افزایش اثرات مثبت میکروارگانیسم‌ها شد، اما روش‌های مختلف مصرف آن‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری در نتایج ایجاد نکرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: مصرف کود ورمی‌کمپوست در هر دو منطقه توانست صفات اندازه­گیری‌شده را تا حد مطلوبی بهبود بخشد که نشان از پتانسیل بالای این کود در کمک به تعدیل تنش‌های محیطی دارد. درصد و سرعت سبز شدن، تعداد گره در ساقه اصلی و وزن خشک گیاهچه با کاربرد تیمارهای بیولوژیک بهبود یافت. در میان تیمارهای بیولوژیک، بیوپرایمینگ با باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنس به‌عنوان مؤثرترین تیمار شناسایی شد که در هر دو منطقه بالاترین مقادیر را برای کلیه شاخص‌های رشدی به خود اختصاص داد. اگرچه تیمارهای مایکوریزا نسبت به شاهد برتری نشان دادند، اما نتایج ضعیف‌تری نسبت به تیمارهای باکتریایی داشتند. هم‌چنین نتایج به وضوح نشان می‌دهد که کارایی تیمارهای بیولوژیک به شدت تحت تأثیر شرایط محیطی قرار دارد و برای دست‌یابی به حداکثر اثربخشی، لازم است ترکیب بهینه میکروارگانیسم‌ها و روش کاربرد آن‌ها با توجه به شرایط خاص هر منطقه طراحی گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Beneficial Microorganisms on The Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Black Cumin

نویسندگان English

Shirin Taghizoghi 1
Elias Soltani 2
Iraj Alahdadi 3
Meisam Rezaei 4
Vahid Alah Jahandideh Mahjen Abadi 5
1 Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.
3 Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdash. Iran.
4 Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
5 Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده English

Objective: This study investigated the effects of vermicompost and different application methods of beneficial microorganisms on the seedling emergence and growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) during the 2023–2024 and 2024–2025 growing seasons in Pakdasht and Karaj, Iran, respectively. The interactive effects of these factors on seedling growth and mortality were also evaluated.
Method: The research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with two factors: vermicompost application (5 t ha⁻¹ and no application) and seed biological treatment (11 different combinations), at two separate locations with four blocks each. The microorganisms included Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium, and mycorrhiza (a blend of Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum strains).
Results: Analysis of variance showed that vermicompost application had a significant positive effect (at the 1% level) on all measured traits in both regions. With vermicompost application in the Pakdasht and Karaj regions, respectively, the number of nodes on the main stem increased by 22% and 15%, seedling dry weight by 9% and 8%, germination percentage by 10% and 10%, germination rate by 15% and 28%, and final establishment percentage by 22% and 18%. The effect of microorganism type and application method was significant only on germination rate in both regions, and the interaction between microorganism application method and vermicompost was not significant for any trait. Thus, vermicompost application generally enhanced the positive effects of the microorganisms, whereas the different application methods did not produce significant differences in the results.
Conclusions: The application of vermicompost improved the measured traits to a desirable extent at both locations, indicating the high potential of this fertilizer for mitigating environmental stresses. Emergence percentage and rate, number of nodes on the main stem, and seedling dry weight were improved with the biological treatments. Among the biological treatments, biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens was the most effective, achieving the highest values for all growth indices in both regions. Although mycorrhizal treatments were superior to the control, they performed less well than the bacterial treatments. The results also clearly show that the efficacy of biological treatments is strongly affected by environmental conditions, and that maximizing their effectiveness requires designing the optimal combination of microorganisms and application methods according to the specific conditions of each location.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biopriming Growth
Promoting Bacteria Hydropriming Vermicompost
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