Behnam Tahmasebpour; Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh; Ali Reza Tarinejad; Hamid Mohammadi; Ali Ebadi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between traits and utilize these relationships to select high-yielding cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions at onset of the flowering stage.
Methods: To investigate the relationships between yield traits and their ...
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between traits and utilize these relationships to select high-yielding cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions at onset of the flowering stage.
Methods: To investigate the relationships between yield traits and their components with root traits, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized experimental design with three replications. Thirty wheat genotypes were determined as secondary factors subjected to normal irrigation conditions and under moisture stress at the beginning of flowering at the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan in 2015-2016.
Results: Under normal irrigation conditions in the greenhouse, the desirable criteria for increasing grain yield is a primary emphasis on root dry weight, followed by an emphasis on root volume as a secondary factor. Based on the results of the canonical correlation analysis under moisture-stress conditions in greenhouse, root traits, grain number per spike, total grain yield, root dry weight, root volume, and root number play a more critical role in increasing the 1000-grain weight, manifesting as predominant and influential factors.
Conclusion: According to results, several parameters such as the number of days to 50% flowering, shoot growth rate, malondialdehyde content, flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight, chlorophyll a content, carotenoid levels, peduncle length, dry root weight, root volume, and root number can be determined as appropriate indices for selecting high-yielding genotypes
Parvaneh Hataminia; Nosratollah Abbasi; Mohammad Javad Zarea
Abstract
Objective: Given the challenges of water scarcity and the need for sustainable agricultural practices, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the physiological traits of durum wheat at the research farm of Ilam University during the 2016-2017 growing season. ...
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Objective: Given the challenges of water scarcity and the need for sustainable agricultural practices, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the physiological traits of durum wheat at the research farm of Ilam University during the 2016-2017 growing season. The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Methods: The factors comprised three levels of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum and non-inoculated), irrigation in two levels (supplementary irrigation and rainfed), and two durum wheat cultivars (Saji and Dehdasht).
Results: Supplemental irrigation significantly increased chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content by 13.47% and 15.45% compared to rainfed conditions, respectively. Azospirillum and Azotobacter increased carotenoid concentration by 27% and 18.66% compared to the control, respectively. Moreover, the carotenoid concentration in the Saji cultivar was 21.42% higher than in the Dehdasht cultivar. The lowest anthocyanin concentration was observed in both Saji and Dehdasht cultivars under irrigated conditions (0.0055 and 0.0042 mmol g-1 fresh weight, respectively) and without bacterial inoculation. The Dehdasht cultivar had the highest leaf area index (6) compared to the Saji cultivar. A 16.60% decrease in the relative water content of leaves was observed at the reproductive stage under rainfed conditions. Among the two cultivars, the Dehdasht cultivar had a higher relative water content (55.03%). The highest ion leakage was observed under rainfed conditions (85.99%). Azospirillum and Azotobacter bacteria reduced ion leakage by 19.47% and 17.80% compared to the control, respectively. Catalase activity increased under rainfed conditions. Catalase activity was 15% higher in the Dehdasht cultivar than in the Saji cultivar. Plant growth promoting bacteria increased leaf area index, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and catalase activity. Seed inoculation with Azospirillum bacteria increased peroxidase activity, and among the two inoculated cultivars, the Dehdasht cultivar had higher enzyme activity (27.60 μmol g-1 fresh weight of leaf). The highest grain yield (2923 kg ha-1) of durum wheat cultivars was obtained under supplemental irrigation conditions and inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria.
Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated the positive effect of growth promoting bacteria on common cultivars of the Ilam area under supplementary irrigation
Javad Hasanpour; laleh dehghan; mansoureh khalatbari
Abstract
Objective: This study was carried out in order to evaluate the source and sink relationship in spring wheat and the limiting effect of each on grain yield under optimal and water stress conditions.Methods: The experiment was conducted as a split-plot layout in the form of a randomized complete block ...
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Objective: This study was carried out in order to evaluate the source and sink relationship in spring wheat and the limiting effect of each on grain yield under optimal and water stress conditions.Methods: The experiment was conducted as a split-plot layout in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Varamin Agricultural Research Center in 2018-2019. The main factor was the water stress treatment at three levels: optimal irrigation (50 mm from the evaporation pan, equivalent to 8250 m3), medium stress (80 mm evaporation from the pan equivalent, to 5130 m3) and severe stress (110 mm evaporation from the pan, equivalent to 4100 m3); and the sub-factor included source and sink constraints in four levels: without restriction, removal of upper half leaves, removal of lower half leaves, and removal of half of spike length.Results: Irrigation stress reduced grain yield by 23.4% and 32.1% for mild and severe stress levels, respectively. It also caused a significant increase in proline content. The percentage of grain protein increased to its highest level and an average of 12.3% under severe stress. Water deficit reduced the chlorophyll a and b concentrations. The effect of source or sink restriction treatment was significant on all traits except for the relative leaf water content and chlorophyll b concentration. Removal of lower half leaves caused a significant reduction in grain yield by 10.3% and the decrease was greater for the removal of upper half leaves and was equal to 18.3%. The most negative effect on yield occurred with the removal of half the length of the emerging spikes and was 34.2%.Conclusion: In the selection of high-yielding wheat cultivars, longer spikes and longer durability of the area of the upper leaves should be considered.
Saeid Hemati; mashalah Daneshvar; Nasser Tahmasebipour; Omidali Akbarpour
Abstract
Objective: It is necessary to delineate the relationship between crop yield and climatic and nutritional parameters in order to predict crop production. The current research was designed with the aim of suitable fertilizer recommendation and carried out according to the climatic conditions of the Lorestan ...
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Objective: It is necessary to delineate the relationship between crop yield and climatic and nutritional parameters in order to predict crop production. The current research was designed with the aim of suitable fertilizer recommendation and carried out according to the climatic conditions of the Lorestan area in two years, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019.
Methods: The statistical model used was split-factorial plots in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The main plot included: the type of planting (irrigated – Non- irrigated) and the sub plot included the date of planting (in three levels, October 25 (early), November 15 (optimum) and December 5 (late) for two type of cultivation and the type of nutrition (at two levels of biofertilizers: Nitroxin and NPK based on the soil test and integrated fertilization of chemical fertilizer + chemical NPK with Phosphorus biofertilizers).
Results: Traits related to yield components, such as the number of spikes per square meter and the number of seeds per spike, were affected by the dual effects of planting date× type of cultivation and planting date × type of nutrition. The double effect of type of cultivation× type of nutrition was significant only for biological yield traits and the harvest index. The highest seed yield was observed under the conditions of irrigated cultivation, early planting date, and full chemical nutrition. This research demonstrated that employing a combination of NPK chemical treatment (at 50% of the soil test recommendation) and biofertilizers can effectively reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers in both irrigated and rainfed agriculture for the Kohdasht variety of wheat. Additionally, implementing early planting dates alongside the use of biofertilizers can help address nutritional gaps, thereby enhancing growth and yield under conditions that involve a reduction in chemical fertilizer use for wheat crops.
Conclusion: The results of the stepwise regression of the atmospheric parameters showed that there is a positive and significant regression relationship between the grain yield and the amount of GDD.
Mohammad Zamanian; Farid Golzardi; Saeid Heydarzadeh; Behzad Alizadeh
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of increasing the clover forage yield and quality by changing the seeding rate in monoculture and intercropping systems of Persian clover and crimson clover.
Methods: This research was conducted in a factorial arrangement using a randomized ...
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Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of increasing the clover forage yield and quality by changing the seeding rate in monoculture and intercropping systems of Persian clover and crimson clover.
Methods: This research was conducted in a factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block statistical design with three replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj, Iran, during the cropping seasons 2021-22 and 2022-23. Experimental treatments involved five cropping systems (Persian clover monoculture, crimson clover monoculture, and different intercropping systems of these two species: 25% Persian clover+ 75% crimson clover, 50% Persian clover+ 50% crimson clover, and 75% Persian clover+ 25% crimson clover). Two seeding rates, 20 and 25 kg ha-1, were also examined. The evaluated traits comprised dry forage yield, plant height, and ten characteristics related to the nutritional value of the forage.
Results: The results showed that forage yield and quality of clover were significantly affected by cropping system and seeding rate. In general, monoculture systems and seeding rate of 25 kg ha-1 had higher quantitative yield, whereas intercropping systems and seeding rate of 20 kg ha-1 had higher forage quality. The highest dry forage yield was obtained in the monoculture cropping systems of crimson clover with seeding rates of 25 and 20 kg ha-1, and in the monoculture cropping system of Persian clover with a seeding rate of 25 kg ha-1, producing 4.24, 3.93, and 3.73 tons of dry matter per hectare, respectively. The intercropping system of 50% Persian clover+ 50% crimson clover significantly increased the relative feed value of forage compared to monoculture systems, and the seeding rate of 20 kg ha-1 with a feed value of 162% improved the superiority of this cropping system. Monoculture of crimson clover at both seeding rates and monoculture of Persian clover at the seeding rate of 25 kg ha-1 were in the superior statistical group in terms of total dry forage yield.
Conclusion: Monoculture of crimson clover with a seeding rate of 25 kg ha-1 had higher quantitative yield, whereas intercropping of 50% Persian clover+ 50% crimson clover with a seeding rate of 20 kg ha-1 had higher forage quality. In the current conditions where forage quality plays no role in determining its purchase price, monoculture of crimson clover would be more profitable for farmers. However, intercropping of 50% Persian clover+ 50% crimson clover could be beneficial for farmer-livestock producers in enhancing dairy production.
Ali Sarkhosh; Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian; Hamed Mansouri
Abstract
Objective: Considering that sugar beet planting can be delayed by factors such as excessive rainfall or the prioritization of water allocation to other crops early in the growing season, this field study evaluated the potential to mitigate the negative impacts of delayed planting on the yield and key ...
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Objective: Considering that sugar beet planting can be delayed by factors such as excessive rainfall or the prioritization of water allocation to other crops early in the growing season, this field study evaluated the potential to mitigate the negative impacts of delayed planting on the yield and key technological traits of sugar beet by employing seed hydropriming and foliar application of humic acid.
Methods: This research was conducted in the cropping year 2021 in Asadabad, using a randomized complete block design with three replications in the form of a split-plot factorial arrangement. The planting dates of March 25th, April 8th, 22nd, and May 6th, were assigned to the main plots, and seed priming (hydropriming and non-primed) and foliar application of humic acid (water spray and six g.L-1 of humic acid) were arranged in a factorial design within the sub-plots. For the hydropriming treatment, seeds were soaked in water at 22 °C for 28 hours and then sown after returning to their initial moisture content.
Results: The combination of seed hydropriming and foliar application of humic acid compensated for the delayed planting effects on root yield until the third planting date. The lowest sodium and potassium contents in the roots were observed in the fourth and second planting dates, respectively, regardless of the hydropriming and humic acid foliar application treatments. The first planting date revealed that foliar application of humic acid singularly led to the maximum sodium accumulation in roots (5.45 meq.100 g-1). Conversely, the minimum potassium content in roots was found in the same planting date when both humic acid foliar application and seed hydropriming were employed (4.2 meq.100 g-1). The highest alkalinity was observed in the first planting date following humic acid foliar application, with a ratio of 4.38. Furthermore, a significant increase in alkalinity was observed in the fourth planting date with humic acid foliar application. The lowest amino nitrogen content was observed on the second planting date with hydropriming. Simultaneous application of hydropriming and humic acid increased white sugar content by 6.6, 9.4, and 6.8 percent on the first, second, and fourth planting dates, respectively. The highest white sugar yield was obtained on the first and second planting dates, with 15,054 and 15,895 kg.ha-1, respectively, using humic acid. Humic acid reduced molasses sugar content by 24 percent compared to water spray on the first planting date.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the simultaneous application of seed hydropriming and humic acid foliar application was beneficial in all planting dates. However, in case of a significant delay in planting date, seed hydropriming was more beneficial compared to humic acid foliar application.
Neda Hossinzadeh; Alireza Pirzad
Abstract
Objective: Bean is a global crop and drought stress has many adverse effects on this plant, so it is necessary to use materials that can reduce the harmful effects of stress in plants and also have compatibility with the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect ...
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Objective: Bean is a global crop and drought stress has many adverse effects on this plant, so it is necessary to use materials that can reduce the harmful effects of stress in plants and also have compatibility with the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of humic acid and the availability of phosphorus and substituted chemical fertilizers on the physiological response of the common bean.
Method: The research was carried out in the Meshkin Shahr city, Aghblag village, with a latitude of 38o 21’ 31” N and a longitude of 47o 39’ 53” E. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design with two factors and three repetitions. The first factor: drought stress in two levels of full irrigation (100% FC) and deficit irrigation (70% FC); second factor: different sources of fertilizers in 6 levels (chemical P, biological P (Barvar 2), Half chemical P+ Barvar 2 (100 grams/hectare), chemical P (150 kg/hectare)+ Humic Acid (10 liters/hectare), Barvar 2+Humic Acid, and Half chemical P+Barvar 2+ Humic Acid.
Results: The results showed that applying deficit irrigation led to a decrease in some physiological traits such as chlorophyll a and b, while the fertilizer treatment, especially half of phosphate chemical P + Barvar 2 + humic acid significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, and increased the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The malondialdehyde as a result of the application of phosphate half chemical P + Barvar 2+ Humic Acid, and the activity of the Superoxide Dismutase as a result of drought stress and the treatment of phosphate half chemical P + Barvar 2+ Humic Acid were increased. In the full irrigation treatment (100% FC), no significant statistical differences were observed in seed weight increase among most fertilizer treatments. However, in the deficit irrigation treatment, it was observed that applying stress and fertilizer treatment led to an increase in seed weight, such that the highest seed yield (6,448.2 kg per hectare) was related to deficit irrigation and the fertilizer treatment of "half chemical phosphate fertilizer + bio-phosphate fertilizer Barvar2 + humic acid."
Conclusion: In general, drought stress led to a decrease in the yield and growth factors of beans, and the combined treatment of biofertilizer and humic acid reduced the effect of stress and maintained the plant yield under stress conditions.
Setayesh Mohebbi; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi; Weria Weisany
Abstract
Objective: The application of biological and organic fertilizers to alleviate the effects of water stress in medicinal plants is eminent. The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of vermicompost amendment and azotobacter biofertilizer on the growth, physiological and biochemical properties ...
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Objective: The application of biological and organic fertilizers to alleviate the effects of water stress in medicinal plants is eminent. The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of vermicompost amendment and azotobacter biofertilizer on the growth, physiological and biochemical properties of the watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.) under water stress conditions.
Methods: Water stress at three levels (including 100, 70 and 40 percent of field capacity (FC)) and organic and biological fertilizers at four levels (vermicompost (15 percent by volume), Azotobacter crococum, vermicompost (7.5 percent vermicompost by volume)+ azotobacter, and control) were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design.
Results: The results showed that the water stress at 40 percent FC caused a significant decrease in shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll b, and increased soluble sugars compared to the control. The treatment of 70 percent FC resulted in the highest amount of total phenol. Vermicompost alone and in combination with azotobacter had the greatest role in modulating water stress by increasing plant growth and photosynthetic pigment content. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and relative leaf water content were obtained in the treatments containing vermicompost and its combination with azotobacter without water stress. The highest activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes was observed under 40% agricultural capacity stress conditions without the application of fertilizer, while vermicompost and Azotobacter caused a reduction in enzymatic activity under severe stress conditions.
Conclusion: The overall results of the research showed that vermicompost alone or in combination with azotobacter plays an important role in modulating water stress by increasing the yield of watercress plants.
Nabaz Abbasi; Shiva Khalesro; Erfan Daneshi
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted in 2018 to investigate the effect of vermicompost and micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis L.).
Methods: The field experiment with a factorial layout was conducted using a randomized complete block design ...
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Objective: This study was conducted in 2018 to investigate the effect of vermicompost and micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis L.).
Methods: The field experiment with a factorial layout was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Field of the University of Kurdistan. The experimental treatments included three levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) and four levels of foliar application of micronutrient elements: control (no foliar application), iron sulfate (three parts per thousand), zinc sulfate (two per thousand) and manganese sulfate (three per thousand).
Results: The results showed that the highest values of plant height (57.0 cm), flowering branches (34.0), height of the first flowering branch (12.8 cm), leaves number (145.5), seed number per plant (217.6), 1000 seed weight (12.1 g), biological yield (621.0 kg/ha), seed yield (42.1 kg/ha) and dry flower yield (2.2 Kg/ha) were observed in the integrated treatment of vermicompost (10 t/ha) and zinc sulfate. Also, the highest amount of oil content (19.2 %), and oil yield (7.5 kg/ha) belonged to the integrated treatment of the third level of vermicompost and zinc sulfate. The main components of fatty acids were linoleic, oleic, and gamma-linolenic acid.
Conclusion: Overall, the integrated application of vermicompost and micronutrients especially zinc sulfate could enhance the yield and oil quality of Borago officinalis L.
Ladan Ghorbani; Amin Salehi; Mohsen Movahhdi Dehnavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; Parvin Rostampour
Abstract
Objective: The effects of mycorrhizal and Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on some characteristics of milk thistle in different irrigation regimes was investigated.
Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design in 3 replications at the research greenhouse ...
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Objective: The effects of mycorrhizal and Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on some characteristics of milk thistle in different irrigation regimes was investigated.
Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design in 3 replications at the research greenhouse of Yasouj University in 2014-2015. The first factor included drought stress at 3 levels (irrigation after 20, 50 and 80% soil moisture depletion), and the second factor was biological fertilizer at 4 levels (control, mycorrhizal (Funneliformis moseae), bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and mycorrhizal+bacillus.
Results: The effect of irrigation regime and biofertilizer was significant on all traits, but the interaction of the factors was only significant on soluble sugar. The highest amount of nitrogen (23.58 mg.g-1), phosphorus (22.76 mg.g-1), protein (50.69 mg.g-1 leaf fresh weight), relative moisture content (70.20 %) and shoot dry weight (19.78 g) was obtained from irrigation after 20% moisture depletion from the soil and the highest amount of potassium (10.08 mg.g-1), proline (9.79 mg.g-1 leaf fresh weight) was obtained from irrigation after 80% moisture depletion. Among the fertilizer regimens, the highest amount of these traits, especially the shoot dry weight (21.71g), was obtained from the combination of mycorrhizal and bacterial biofertilizers. The highest amount of soluble sugar in stress levels was obtained from the integrated treatment of biofertilizers.
Conclusion: Increase in the ability of milk thistle to absorb water and soil nutrients using biological fertilizers, and the effect of these nutrients in increasing the photosynthetic capacity and improving growth, has helped this plant to tolerate drought conditions.
Tahereh Mirzavand; Iraj Alahdadi; Elias Soltani; Fatemeh Benakashani; Shiva Akbari
Abstract
Objective: Using practical, safe and cheap methods to produce healthy food and protect the environment is a necessity, and one of these solutions to solve the problem of chemical fertilizers consumption is to use the principles of sustainable agriculture. Biological and organic fertilizers play an effective ...
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Objective: Using practical, safe and cheap methods to produce healthy food and protect the environment is a necessity, and one of these solutions to solve the problem of chemical fertilizers consumption is to use the principles of sustainable agriculture. Biological and organic fertilizers play an effective role in increasing the yield of agricultural products by increasing the water holding capacity and also improving the biological properties of the soil and having essential nutrients. Biological and organic fertilizers are used as growth promoters with more efficiency than chemical fertilizers. Foliar spraying of nutrients can help in compensating the lack of nutrients absorbed through the roots or supplying the plant's need for these elements in the leaves. Also, by feeding through the leaves and foliar spraying, it can provide food to the plant in the shortest possible time, and this method is a suitable way to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and reduce their environmental risks. In order to evaluate the effect of three types of organic fertilizers on the yield, yield components and seed oil percentage of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and the amount of some elements in soil, an experiment has been carried out at the research farm of the College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, in the agricultural year 2019-2020.
Methods: This experiment has been conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design in three replications. The combination of factorial levels were in the form of nutrient fertilizer 1 factor in two levels of 300 kg.ha-1 and no application of nutrient fertilizer 1, nutrient fertilizer 2 factor in 2 levels of 2 lit.ha-1 and no application (spraying with distilled water) and nutrient fertilizer 3 factor in three levels of foliar application at the rate of one and two liters per hectare and no application.
Results: The results showed that the use of nutrient fertilizer 1 alone resulted in higher plant dry weight. The use of organic fertilizers compared to the control treatment increased the capsule weight, seed yield, harvest index and seed oil percentage, and the lowest values of these traits belonged to the control treatment. The simultaneous application of nutrient fertilizer 1 and nutrient fertilizer 3 was effective in stimulating nitrogen absorption by the plant, and as a result, reduced the amount of soil nitrogen.
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the application of organic fertilizers, especially the nutrient fertilizer 1, has had a favorable effect on the yield and growth characteristics of the plant.
Jalil Shafagh-Kolvanagh; Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab; Yaegoob Raii; Mina Amani; Payvand Samimifar
Abstract
Objective: The significant importance of identifying, studying, evaluating, and conserving native ecotypes of medicinal plants as part of human heritage, along with the collection of cultivated medicinal plants and the ecological assessment of their native ecotypes, makes the introduction of their compatible ...
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Objective: The significant importance of identifying, studying, evaluating, and conserving native ecotypes of medicinal plants as part of human heritage, along with the collection of cultivated medicinal plants and the ecological assessment of their native ecotypes, makes the introduction of their compatible ecotypes to farmers a necessity. The purpose of this research was to investigate the ecotypes of common Dragon's head in the region in terms of performance and performance components.
Methods: In order to evaluate the features related to the yield and yield components of 49 ecotypes of Dragon's head collected from different regions of the country, a research in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The most important traits measured were the number of capsules in the main and secondary stems, the number of seeds per flower cycle in the main and secondary stems, the number of seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, dry herbage yield and seed yield per unit area and seed harvest index.
Results: Based on the results of the mean comparison, the ecotypes from Alvar Bostanabad village with an average of 116.3 g/m2, Tabriz 4 with an average of 107.7 g/m2, and the local ecotype Kolavank 14 with an average of 101.7 g/m2 had the highest grain yield per unit area. These results indicate the high potential of these ecotypes for grain production and their adaptability to the climatic and soil conditions of the region. The high performance of these ecotypes may be attributed to their genetic characteristics, adaptability to environmental conditions, and appropriate agricultural management. Additionally, the ecotype from Param 2 in Haris and the Zanjan ecotype achieved the highest thousand-grain weights, with averages of 418.5 g and 385.5 g, respectively, among the studied ecotypes. This characteristic not only reflects the high quality of the grains produced by these ecotypes but may also positively impact the final quality of the products and their marketability. Thousand-grain weight is an important indicator in assessing grain quality and can assist farmers in selecting the best ecotypes for cultivation.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, the ecotypes from Alvar Bostanabad village, Tabriz 4, and Kolvanagh14 have been identified as the best options in terms of grain yield. These ecotypes, by providing the highest grain yield per unit area, demonstrate their high adaptability to the environmental and climatic conditions of the Tabriz region. Additionally, the ecotypes Tabriz 3, Leilab Varzeqan village, and Alvar Bostanabad village exhibited the highest performance in terms of dry biomass yield and yield components. These results emphasize that these ecotypes can be recognized not only for grain production but also as the most suitable and compatible options for cultivation in the city of Tabriz. Identifying these ecotypes can assist farmers in selecting the best varieties for cultivation, leading to improved agricultural performance and increased productivity in the region. Overall, this research can serve as a solid foundation for future studies and agricultural planning aimed at enhancing agricultural production in the Tabriz area.
Hamed Adeli; Sepideh Kalateh jari; Marjan Diyanat
Abstract
Objective: Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that reduces the production of agricultural products. The use of growth stimulating compounds in order to reduce the effects of environmental stress in plants is of particular importance. The present study was conducted to investigate ...
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Objective: Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that reduces the production of agricultural products. The use of growth stimulating compounds in order to reduce the effects of environmental stress in plants is of particular importance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and sodium selenate on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) in 2023 at the commercial greenhouse of ornamental plants in Alborz province under salinity stress conditions.
Methods: The factors studied in the research include salinity at three levels (zero, 100 and 200 mM sodium chloride) and spraying with salicylic acid and selenium selenate at five levels (control, 5 and 10 mg/l of sodium selenate and 0.5 and 1 mM salicylic acid), conducted factorially in the form of a basic completely randomized design in 3 replications.
Results: The results of the research showed that 200 mM of salinity stress caused a significant decrease in the fresh weight of aerial parts (32%), dry weight of roots (27%), total chlorophyll (22%), and relative water content of leaves (16%). and leaf potassium (28%), but caused an increase in ion leakage (11%), catalase enzyme activity (82%), superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (1.37 times), and sodium leaf (2.19 times). Foliar application of bio-stimulants, especially 1 mM salicylic acid, increased the fresh weight (13.07%), root dry weight (13.74%), shoot fresh weight (15.59%), chlorophyll a, b, and total content (13.13%, 14.29%, and 12.08% respectively), relative leaf water content (6.95%), and essential oil yield (27.59%). The interactive treatment of 100 mM salinity and 1 mM salicylic acid had the highest phenol and flavonoid content and essential oil percentage. The highest shoot weight and essential oil yield were obtained in the treatment without stress with 1 mM salicylic acid.
Conclusion: Taken together, applying biological stimulants, especially 1 mM salicylic acid, will be recommended under salinity stress conditions in coneflower.
mehdi panahyankivi; Abazar Abbasi; mahnaz mohamadzadeh nasrabadi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroid on yield and essential oil of coriander under water limitation conditions.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted as a split-plot on the basis of RCB design with three replications in two agricultural ...
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Objective: The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroid on yield and essential oil of coriander under water limitation conditions.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted as a split-plot on the basis of RCB design with three replications in two agricultural seasons of 2020 and 2021. Irrigation intervals (irrigation according to 70 (control), 100, 130 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan) were assigned to the main-plots and foliar application treatments (control, SA (1 mmol) and brassinosteroid (1 μmol) were allocated to the sub-plots.
Results: The results demonstrated that the application of SA and brassinosteroid significantly increased the relative water content, the membrane stability index, and the leaf area index. SA and brassinosteroid treatments increased the number of umbels per plant (14.1 and 7.3 percent), biological (21.9 and 10.2 percent) and grain (18.6 and 9.6 percent) yield. Essential oil yield increased by 23.5 and 11.9 percent with SA and brassinosteroid, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) of grain and biological yields (0.62 and 3.95 kg/m3) was obtained from the SA treatment under irrigation after 100 mm evaporation.
Conclusion: Treatment of plants with SA had a better effect compared to brassinosteroid on increasing grain yield and WUE. Therefore, under moderate and severe stress conditions (irrigation based on 130 and 160 millimeters of evaporation, respectively), the foliar application of salicylic acid can enhance the coriander's tolerance to drought stress.
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