Investigation of genetic parameters of Morphologic and Agronomic Traits in Bread Wheat cultivars by diallel method Under Normal and Drought Stress conditions

Eftekhari, Ali

doi:10.22059/jci.2025.382902.2898

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

ali eftekhari

assistant professor of payame noor university

10.22059/jci.2025.382902.2898

Abstract

Objective: Developing new and adaptable cultivars suited to different environments is a primary goal for breeders. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic characteristics, including general and specific combining abilities, using a half diallel cross among nine bread wheat cultivars.
Method: Seeds of 36 F₁ hybrids derived from nine parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal and drought stress conditions. The parents and hybrids were evaluated based on morphological and agronomic traits such as plant height, days to maturity, spike length, peduncle length, thousand-seed weight, flag leaf area, and grain yield. Combining abilities and gene action were estimated using Griffing’s method 2 (B model) and analysis of variance following Jinks and Hayman's approach.
Results: Analysis with Griffing’s method 2 and Hayman-Jinks revealed significant effects of both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) across all traits and conditions, indicating the presence of both additive and non-additive genetic components. Parents Roshan, Shahpasand, and Azar2 exhibited high GCA for most traits under both conditions. Hayman’s variance analysis showed significant additive (a) and dominance (b) components for all traits in both environments. The significance of the b₂ component suggested an unequal distribution of dominant and recessive alleles. The b₃ component, indicative of SCA, was significant across traits. Heritability estimates ranged from 55% to 74% (broad-sense) and 14% to 61% (narrow-sense) in both conditions.
Conclusions: Traits such as plant height, spike length, peduncle length, and days to maturity under normal conditions, as well as spike length, peduncle length, thousand-seed weight, and flag leaf area under drought stress, can be effectively selected in early generations. For traits like seed weight, flag leaf area (normal conditions), plant height, days to maturity (drought stress), and grain yield in both conditions, selection should be delayed until advanced generations when traits are genetically fixed. Breeding methods such as pedigree, backcrossing, bulk, single seed descent, and doubled haploid techniques are recommended to accelerate genetic fixation.

Keywords

References

فرشادفر، عزت‌اله (1374). بررسی قابلیت ترکیب‌پذیری و هتروزیس در ارقام گندم نان براساس روش دی‌آلل. علوم کشاورزی ایران، 27، 67-75.

فروزانفر، علی؛ بی‌همتا، محمدرضا و زینالی، حسن (1388). نحوه توارث برخی صفات مرتبط با عملکرد در گندم نان از طریق تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها. به‌نژادی نهال و بذر، 25 (3)، 319-331.

صادقی، فرهاد (1394). تخمین ساختار ژنتیکی عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد در گندم نان با استفاده از روش دای‌آلل. اصلاح گیاهان زراعی، 6(13)، 101-113.

طهماسبی، سیروس و خدام‌باشی، محمود (1386). برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی عملکرد دانه گندم و خصوصیات مرتبط با آن به‌روش تلاقی دای‌آلل در شرایط رطوبتی و تنش. علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 1، 229-240.

وندا، میترا و هوشمند، سعداله (1391). مطالعه ساختار ژنتیکی صفات روزنه‌ای برگ پرچم در گندم دوروم. اصلاح گیاهان زراعی، 3(7)، 27-41.

References

Adel, M.M., & Ali, E.A. (2012). Gene action and combining ability in a six parent dialed cross of wheat. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 59,685-704.

Ahmed, N.M., & Ghowdhry, A., Khaliq, I., & Maekawa, M. (2007). The inheritance of yield and yield components of five wheat hybrid population under drought conditions. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, 8, 53-59.

Akcura, M., & Ceri, S. (2011) Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for selection of Turkish oat (Avena sativa L.) landraces under various environmental conditions. Zemdirbyste Agriculture, 1,98(2), 57-66.

Al-Hamdani, G.H. (2010). Genetic analysis of F₂ diallel crosses in durum wheat. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 38, 34-52.

Baker, R.J. (1978). Issues in diallel analysis. Crop Science,18, 533-536.Chowdhry, M.A., Rasool, I., khalig, I., Mahmood, T., & Gilani, M. M. (1999). Genetic of some metric traits in spring wheat under normal and drought environments. Rachis, 18, 34-39

Costa, R., Pinheiro, N., Ameida, A.S., Gomes, C., Coutinho, J., Coco, J., & Costa, A. (2013). Effect of sowing date and seeding rate on bread wheat yield and test weight under mediterranean conditions. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 25, 951-961.

Ebrahim, B., & Mohamed, B. (2014). Analysis of diallel crosses between six varieties of durum wheat in semi-arid area. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13, 286-293.

Eid, M.H. (2009). Estimation of heritability and genetic advance of yield traits in wheat under drought conditions. International Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology, 1, 115-120.

Falconer, D., & Mackay, T. (1996). Introduction to quantitative genetics. Longman Inc, London.

Farshadfar, E. (1996). The investigation of combining ability and hetrosis in bread wheat cultivars by diallel method. Journal of Iranian Agriculture Sience, 27, 67-75. (In Persian).

Foruzanfar, A., Bihamta, M., & Zeinali, H. (2009). The inheritance of some related traits to yield in bread wheat by generation mean analysis. Journal of Breeding in Plant and Seed, 25, 319-331 (In Persian).

Gholamin, R., Zaeifizadeh, M., Khayatnezhad, M., Jamaati-e-Somarin, S., & Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad, R. (2010). Study of drought tolerance in durum wheat genotypes. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 9(5), 465-480.

Griffing, B. (1956). Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing system. Austoralian Journal of Biology, 9, 463-493.

Hayman, B.I. (1957). Interaction heterosis and diallel crosses. Genetics, 42, 236-355.

Inamullah, H.A., Mohammad, F., Hassan, S., & Rahmani, G. (2006). Diallel analysis of the inheritance pattern of agronomic traits of bread wheat. Pakistanian Journal of Botany, 38, 1169-1175.

Jinks, J.L. (1956). The F₂ and backcross generation from a set of diallel crosses. Heredity, 10, 1-30.

Joshi, S.K., Sharma, N., Singhania, D.L., & Sain, R.S. (2004). Combining ability in the F₁ and F₂ generation of diallel cross in hexaploid wheat. Hereditas, 141, 115-121.

Mohammadi, M., Sharifi, P., Karimizadeh, R., & Rostaei, M. (2017). Evaluating the genetic parameters for some morpho-physiological traits in wheat using diallel analysis. Cereal Research, 7(3), 343-356.

Sadeghi, F. (2014). Estimation of genetic structure of yield and yield components in bread wheat using diallele method. Journal of Crop Breeding, 6, 101-113. (In Persian).

Sadeghzadeh-Ahari, D., Sharifi, P., Karimizadeh, R., & Mohammadi, M. (2018). Estimation of genetic parameters of yield and yield components in rainfed durum wheat through diallel cross. Journal of Crop Breeding, 10(25), 176-184.

Tahmasebi, S., & Khadambashi, D. (2007). Genetic parameters estimation of wheat grain yield and related characteristic by diallel method in normal and stress condition. Journal of Science and Technology in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1, 229-240 (In Persian).

Vanda, M., & Houshmand, S. (2011). Study of genetic structure of stomatal and flag leaf traits in durum wheat. Journal of Crop Breeding, 3, 27- 41 (In Persian).

Journal of Crops Improvement

Investigation of genetic parameters of Morphologic and Agronomic Traits in Bread Wheat cultivars by diallel method Under Normal and Drought Stress conditions

References

References

Volume 27, Issue 3
September 2025
Pages 417-435

Investigation of genetic parameters of Morphologic and Agronomic Traits in Bread Wheat cultivars by diallel method Under Normal and Drought Stress conditions

References

References

Volume 27, Issue 3September 2025Pages 417-435

Volume 27, Issue 3
September 2025
Pages 417-435