Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Master's Degree Graduate Department of Horticulture Sciences, Agronomy College, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Department of Horticulture Sciences, Agronomy College, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Professor Department Horticulture, Faculty Agriculture, Shahrekord university, Shahrekord, Iran.
4 Conservatory teacher, Uremia, Iran
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of various grape rootstocks on the growth characteristics, physiological properties, and nutrient content of the seedless white scion. This cultivar is considered significant and commercially important in Iran's agricultural industry.
Method: The research was conducted with six treatments, which included a control group (Sultana cutting), own- rooted (Sultana/Sultana), and several grafted treatments involving the seedless white scion on various rootstocks, including Yaghuti, Asgari, Khushnam and red Sultana. The experiment was structured as a completely randomized design, executed in the research greenhouse of the Horticulture Department at Shahrekord University. Different traits were assessed during the study, including morphometric, biological, and physiological characteristics, as well as specific nutritional elements such as calcium, potassium and phosphorus.
Results: The research outcomes revealed that the lowest number of roots was observed in the own-rooting treatment. It is important to note that grafting under the self-rooted condition resulted in the highest accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in the scion, along with the greatest root length and calcium absorption noted within this combination. Furthermore, the seedless white rootstock exhibited a notably higher concentration of carotenoids. Both Khoshnam and seedless white cultivars showed significantly higher concentrations of chlorophyll a, while Asgari and Yaghuti cultivars demonstrated significantly elevated levels of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. The highest leaf area was measured in the Asgari rootstock treatment, while the largest internode diameter was recorded in the Khoshnam rootstock. The results indicated a significant effect of rootstock type on the height of the scion, with Khoshnam and Asgari cultivars increasing the scion height by 57% and 34% compared to the control, respectively. Moreover, root volume for the Yaghuti and Asgari rootstocks was significantly greater than that of the control group. In terms of mineral content, the seedless white scion had a significantly higher calcium concentration, while the combination of seedless white with Khoshnam rootstock profoundly influenced potassium and phosphorus levels, resulting in lower potassium and higher phosphorus concentrations.
Conclusions: In summary, this study's findings demonstrate that grafting exerts significant positive effects on both growth and physiological characteristics of grapevines. Notably, own-rooted (Sultana/Sultana) combinations exhibited enhanced calcium absorption, increased root length, and improved photosynthetic pigment content. Furthermore, specific rootstocks including Khoshnam and Asgari effectively increased scion height and root volume. These results confirm that appropriate selection of rootstock and scion can be considered as an effective strategy for improving plant growth indicators.
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