Behnam Tahmasebpour; Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh; Ali Reza Tarinejad; Hamid Mohammadi; Ali Ebadi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between traits and utilize these relationships to select high-yielding cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions at onset of the flowering stage.
Methods: To investigate the relationships between yield traits and their ...
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between traits and utilize these relationships to select high-yielding cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions at onset of the flowering stage.
Methods: To investigate the relationships between yield traits and their components with root traits, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized experimental design with three replications. Thirty wheat genotypes were determined as secondary factors subjected to normal irrigation conditions and under moisture stress at the beginning of flowering at the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan in 2015-2016.
Results: Under normal irrigation conditions in the greenhouse, the desirable criteria for increasing grain yield is a primary emphasis on root dry weight, followed by an emphasis on root volume as a secondary factor. Based on the results of the canonical correlation analysis under moisture-stress conditions in greenhouse, root traits, grain number per spike, total grain yield, root dry weight, root volume, and root number play a more critical role in increasing the 1000-grain weight, manifesting as predominant and influential factors.
Conclusion: According to results, several parameters such as the number of days to 50% flowering, shoot growth rate, malondialdehyde content, flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight, chlorophyll a content, carotenoid levels, peduncle length, dry root weight, root volume, and root number can be determined as appropriate indices for selecting high-yielding genotypes
Parvaneh Hataminia; Nosratollah Abbasi; Mohammad Javad Zarea
Abstract
Objective: Given the challenges of water scarcity and the need for sustainable agricultural practices, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the physiological traits of durum wheat at the research farm of Ilam University during the 2016-2017 growing season. ...
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Objective: Given the challenges of water scarcity and the need for sustainable agricultural practices, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the physiological traits of durum wheat at the research farm of Ilam University during the 2016-2017 growing season. The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Methods: The factors comprised three levels of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum and non-inoculated), irrigation in two levels (supplementary irrigation and rainfed), and two durum wheat cultivars (Saji and Dehdasht).
Results: Supplemental irrigation significantly increased chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content by 13.47% and 15.45% compared to rainfed conditions, respectively. Azospirillum and Azotobacter increased carotenoid concentration by 27% and 18.66% compared to the control, respectively. Moreover, the carotenoid concentration in the Saji cultivar was 21.42% higher than in the Dehdasht cultivar. The lowest anthocyanin concentration was observed in both Saji and Dehdasht cultivars under irrigated conditions (0.0055 and 0.0042 mmol g-1 fresh weight, respectively) and without bacterial inoculation. The Dehdasht cultivar had the highest leaf area index (6) compared to the Saji cultivar. A 16.60% decrease in the relative water content of leaves was observed at the reproductive stage under rainfed conditions. Among the two cultivars, the Dehdasht cultivar had a higher relative water content (55.03%). The highest ion leakage was observed under rainfed conditions (85.99%). Azospirillum and Azotobacter bacteria reduced ion leakage by 19.47% and 17.80% compared to the control, respectively. Catalase activity increased under rainfed conditions. Catalase activity was 15% higher in the Dehdasht cultivar than in the Saji cultivar. Plant growth promoting bacteria increased leaf area index, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and catalase activity. Seed inoculation with Azospirillum bacteria increased peroxidase activity, and among the two inoculated cultivars, the Dehdasht cultivar had higher enzyme activity (27.60 μmol g-1 fresh weight of leaf). The highest grain yield (2923 kg ha-1) of durum wheat cultivars was obtained under supplemental irrigation conditions and inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria.
Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated the positive effect of growth promoting bacteria on common cultivars of the Ilam area under supplementary irrigation
Javad Hasanpour; laleh dehghan; mansoureh khalatbari
Abstract
Objective: This study was carried out in order to evaluate the source and sink relationship in spring wheat and the limiting effect of each on grain yield under optimal and water stress conditions.Methods: The experiment was conducted as a split-plot layout in the form of a randomized complete block ...
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Objective: This study was carried out in order to evaluate the source and sink relationship in spring wheat and the limiting effect of each on grain yield under optimal and water stress conditions.Methods: The experiment was conducted as a split-plot layout in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Varamin Agricultural Research Center in 2018-2019. The main factor was the water stress treatment at three levels: optimal irrigation (50 mm from the evaporation pan, equivalent to 8250 m3), medium stress (80 mm evaporation from the pan equivalent, to 5130 m3) and severe stress (110 mm evaporation from the pan, equivalent to 4100 m3); and the sub-factor included source and sink constraints in four levels: without restriction, removal of upper half leaves, removal of lower half leaves, and removal of half of spike length.Results: Irrigation stress reduced grain yield by 23.4% and 32.1% for mild and severe stress levels, respectively. It also caused a significant increase in proline content. The percentage of grain protein increased to its highest level and an average of 12.3% under severe stress. Water deficit reduced the chlorophyll a and b concentrations. The effect of source or sink restriction treatment was significant on all traits except for the relative leaf water content and chlorophyll b concentration. Removal of lower half leaves caused a significant reduction in grain yield by 10.3% and the decrease was greater for the removal of upper half leaves and was equal to 18.3%. The most negative effect on yield occurred with the removal of half the length of the emerging spikes and was 34.2%.Conclusion: In the selection of high-yielding wheat cultivars, longer spikes and longer durability of the area of the upper leaves should be considered.
Neda Hossinzadeh; Alireza Pirzad
Abstract
Objective: Bean is a global crop and drought stress has many adverse effects on this plant, so it is necessary to use materials that can reduce the harmful effects of stress in plants and also have compatibility with the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect ...
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Objective: Bean is a global crop and drought stress has many adverse effects on this plant, so it is necessary to use materials that can reduce the harmful effects of stress in plants and also have compatibility with the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of humic acid and the availability of phosphorus and substituted chemical fertilizers on the physiological response of the common bean.
Method: The research was carried out in the Meshkin Shahr city, Aghblag village, with a latitude of 38o 21’ 31” N and a longitude of 47o 39’ 53” E. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design with two factors and three repetitions. The first factor: drought stress in two levels of full irrigation (100% FC) and deficit irrigation (70% FC); second factor: different sources of fertilizers in 6 levels (chemical P, biological P (Barvar 2), Half chemical P+ Barvar 2 (100 grams/hectare), chemical P (150 kg/hectare)+ Humic Acid (10 liters/hectare), Barvar 2+Humic Acid, and Half chemical P+Barvar 2+ Humic Acid.
Results: The results showed that applying deficit irrigation led to a decrease in some physiological traits such as chlorophyll a and b, while the fertilizer treatment, especially half of phosphate chemical P + Barvar 2 + humic acid significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, and increased the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The malondialdehyde as a result of the application of phosphate half chemical P + Barvar 2+ Humic Acid, and the activity of the Superoxide Dismutase as a result of drought stress and the treatment of phosphate half chemical P + Barvar 2+ Humic Acid were increased. In the full irrigation treatment (100% FC), no significant statistical differences were observed in seed weight increase among most fertilizer treatments. However, in the deficit irrigation treatment, it was observed that applying stress and fertilizer treatment led to an increase in seed weight, such that the highest seed yield (6,448.2 kg per hectare) was related to deficit irrigation and the fertilizer treatment of "half chemical phosphate fertilizer + bio-phosphate fertilizer Barvar2 + humic acid."
Conclusion: In general, drought stress led to a decrease in the yield and growth factors of beans, and the combined treatment of biofertilizer and humic acid reduced the effect of stress and maintained the plant yield under stress conditions.
Nabaz Abbasi; Shiva Khalesro; Erfan Daneshi
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted in 2018 to investigate the effect of vermicompost and micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis L.).
Methods: The field experiment with a factorial layout was conducted using a randomized complete block design ...
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Objective: This study was conducted in 2018 to investigate the effect of vermicompost and micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis L.).
Methods: The field experiment with a factorial layout was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Field of the University of Kurdistan. The experimental treatments included three levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) and four levels of foliar application of micronutrient elements: control (no foliar application), iron sulfate (three parts per thousand), zinc sulfate (two per thousand) and manganese sulfate (three per thousand).
Results: The results showed that the highest values of plant height (57.0 cm), flowering branches (34.0), height of the first flowering branch (12.8 cm), leaves number (145.5), seed number per plant (217.6), 1000 seed weight (12.1 g), biological yield (621.0 kg/ha), seed yield (42.1 kg/ha) and dry flower yield (2.2 Kg/ha) were observed in the integrated treatment of vermicompost (10 t/ha) and zinc sulfate. Also, the highest amount of oil content (19.2 %), and oil yield (7.5 kg/ha) belonged to the integrated treatment of the third level of vermicompost and zinc sulfate. The main components of fatty acids were linoleic, oleic, and gamma-linolenic acid.
Conclusion: Overall, the integrated application of vermicompost and micronutrients especially zinc sulfate could enhance the yield and oil quality of Borago officinalis L.
Ladan Ghorbani; Amin Salehi; Mohsen Movahhdi Dehnavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; Parvin Rostampour
Abstract
Objective: The effects of mycorrhizal and Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on some characteristics of milk thistle in different irrigation regimes was investigated.
Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design in 3 replications at the research greenhouse ...
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Objective: The effects of mycorrhizal and Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on some characteristics of milk thistle in different irrigation regimes was investigated.
Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design in 3 replications at the research greenhouse of Yasouj University in 2014-2015. The first factor included drought stress at 3 levels (irrigation after 20, 50 and 80% soil moisture depletion), and the second factor was biological fertilizer at 4 levels (control, mycorrhizal (Funneliformis moseae), bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and mycorrhizal+bacillus.
Results: The effect of irrigation regime and biofertilizer was significant on all traits, but the interaction of the factors was only significant on soluble sugar. The highest amount of nitrogen (23.58 mg.g-1), phosphorus (22.76 mg.g-1), protein (50.69 mg.g-1 leaf fresh weight), relative moisture content (70.20 %) and shoot dry weight (19.78 g) was obtained from irrigation after 20% moisture depletion from the soil and the highest amount of potassium (10.08 mg.g-1), proline (9.79 mg.g-1 leaf fresh weight) was obtained from irrigation after 80% moisture depletion. Among the fertilizer regimens, the highest amount of these traits, especially the shoot dry weight (21.71g), was obtained from the combination of mycorrhizal and bacterial biofertilizers. The highest amount of soluble sugar in stress levels was obtained from the integrated treatment of biofertilizers.
Conclusion: Increase in the ability of milk thistle to absorb water and soil nutrients using biological fertilizers, and the effect of these nutrients in increasing the photosynthetic capacity and improving growth, has helped this plant to tolerate drought conditions.
Tahereh Mirzavand; Iraj Alahdadi; Elias Soltani; Fatemeh Benakashani; Shiva Akbari
Abstract
Objective: Using practical, safe and cheap methods to produce healthy food and protect the environment is a necessity, and one of these solutions to solve the problem of chemical fertilizers consumption is to use the principles of sustainable agriculture. Biological and organic fertilizers play an effective ...
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Objective: Using practical, safe and cheap methods to produce healthy food and protect the environment is a necessity, and one of these solutions to solve the problem of chemical fertilizers consumption is to use the principles of sustainable agriculture. Biological and organic fertilizers play an effective role in increasing the yield of agricultural products by increasing the water holding capacity and also improving the biological properties of the soil and having essential nutrients. Biological and organic fertilizers are used as growth promoters with more efficiency than chemical fertilizers. Foliar spraying of nutrients can help in compensating the lack of nutrients absorbed through the roots or supplying the plant's need for these elements in the leaves. Also, by feeding through the leaves and foliar spraying, it can provide food to the plant in the shortest possible time, and this method is a suitable way to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and reduce their environmental risks. In order to evaluate the effect of three types of organic fertilizers on the yield, yield components and seed oil percentage of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and the amount of some elements in soil, an experiment has been carried out at the research farm of the College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, in the agricultural year 2019-2020.
Methods: This experiment has been conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design in three replications. The combination of factorial levels were in the form of nutrient fertilizer 1 factor in two levels of 300 kg.ha-1 and no application of nutrient fertilizer 1, nutrient fertilizer 2 factor in 2 levels of 2 lit.ha-1 and no application (spraying with distilled water) and nutrient fertilizer 3 factor in three levels of foliar application at the rate of one and two liters per hectare and no application.
Results: The results showed that the use of nutrient fertilizer 1 alone resulted in higher plant dry weight. The use of organic fertilizers compared to the control treatment increased the capsule weight, seed yield, harvest index and seed oil percentage, and the lowest values of these traits belonged to the control treatment. The simultaneous application of nutrient fertilizer 1 and nutrient fertilizer 3 was effective in stimulating nitrogen absorption by the plant, and as a result, reduced the amount of soil nitrogen.
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the application of organic fertilizers, especially the nutrient fertilizer 1, has had a favorable effect on the yield and growth characteristics of the plant.
mehdi panahyankivi; Abazar Abbasi; mahnaz mohamadzadeh nasrabadi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroid on yield and essential oil of coriander under water limitation conditions.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted as a split-plot on the basis of RCB design with three replications in two agricultural ...
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Objective: The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroid on yield and essential oil of coriander under water limitation conditions.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted as a split-plot on the basis of RCB design with three replications in two agricultural seasons of 2020 and 2021. Irrigation intervals (irrigation according to 70 (control), 100, 130 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan) were assigned to the main-plots and foliar application treatments (control, SA (1 mmol) and brassinosteroid (1 μmol) were allocated to the sub-plots.
Results: The results demonstrated that the application of SA and brassinosteroid significantly increased the relative water content, the membrane stability index, and the leaf area index. SA and brassinosteroid treatments increased the number of umbels per plant (14.1 and 7.3 percent), biological (21.9 and 10.2 percent) and grain (18.6 and 9.6 percent) yield. Essential oil yield increased by 23.5 and 11.9 percent with SA and brassinosteroid, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) of grain and biological yields (0.62 and 3.95 kg/m3) was obtained from the SA treatment under irrigation after 100 mm evaporation.
Conclusion: Treatment of plants with SA had a better effect compared to brassinosteroid on increasing grain yield and WUE. Therefore, under moderate and severe stress conditions (irrigation based on 130 and 160 millimeters of evaporation, respectively), the foliar application of salicylic acid can enhance the coriander's tolerance to drought stress.