Maryam Habibi; Majid Majidian; Mohammad Rabiei
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of boron, zinc and sulfur on yield and fatty acid composition of rapeseed(Hyola 401 cultivar), an experiment was conducted in Rasht province in 2011. A field experiment withcompletely randomized block design was performed with eight treatments in three replications.Maximum ...
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In order to investigate the effects of boron, zinc and sulfur on yield and fatty acid composition of rapeseed(Hyola 401 cultivar), an experiment was conducted in Rasht province in 2011. A field experiment withcompletely randomized block design was performed with eight treatments in three replications.Maximum grain yield (4157.6 kg ha-1) and grain oil (1770.2 kg ha-1) was obtained from S+B+Zntreatments. The highest and lowest grain oil was obtained from S+B+Zn (42.58) and control (38.37),respectively. The maximum oleic acid (234.8 mg g-1) and linolenic acid (26.68 mg g-1) and linoleic acid(55.98 mg g-1) were obtained from B+Zn+S treatments. Maximum stearic and palmitic acid were obtainedfrom control and S+Zn treatments which was 6.5 and 15.53 mg g-1, respectively. Regarding to the results,fatty acids composition of rapeseed are influenced by nutrient and since quality of edible oils depends onunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic and linolenic acids and these acids are essential fatty acids forthe human body that must be supplied through diet. Therefor this research showed that we are not onlyable to increase oil yield with can also increase oil quality with increasing fatty acid composition.
OROJ VALIZADEGAN
Abstract
In order to evaluate the density, population and insect fauna diversity and agronomical yield in intercropping faba bean (Vicia faba L.) andcoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm located in Nagadeh, ...
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In order to evaluate the density, population and insect fauna diversity and agronomical yield in intercropping faba bean (Vicia faba L.) andcoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm located in Nagadeh, West Azerbaijan province, Iran during growing season in 2012-2013. Treatments included 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, 25 percent faba bean + 75 percent coriander and their monoculture. Results showed that the maximum population of pest obtained under monoculture, while the maximum population of biological predators was observed under 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, respectively. The highest seed yield and biological yield of faba bean were obtained in monoculture and the lowest grain yield and biological yield were achieved in 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, respectively. The results showed that the maximum seed yield and biological yield of coriander were obtained at monoculture, and the minimum seed yield and biological yield of coriander were achieved in 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, respectively. There was no significant difference between treatments in the essential oil percentage but the highest essential oil yield was higher than other treatments. The highest (1.58) and the lowest LER (1.40) values was obtained from 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander and 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, respectively.
Peyman Mohammadzadeh Toutounchi; Reza Amirinia
Abstract
In order to investigate effect of foliar application of some micronutrients on the yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of West Azarbaijan ...
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In order to investigate effect of foliar application of some micronutrients on the yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2012. Treatments were control, iron, zinc, manganese, iron + zinc, iron + manganese, zinc + manganese and iron + zinc + manganese. These elements were supplied from iron sulfate, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate and were sprayed 3 mg lit-1 concentration. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between spraying of micronutrients and control. Maximum plant height (40.68 cm), number of lateral branches (6.76), number of pod per plant (25.73), number of grain per pod (15.36), 1000-grain weight (14.99 gr) and grain yield (857.62 kg.ha-1) were related to spraying of iron + zinc + manganese. It is concluded that foliar application of iron + zinc + manganese improves growth and yield characteristics of fenugreek.
Davood Sadeghzdeh Ahari
Abstract
Seed size has been known role as one of the important and effective traits on the yield, growth and development in many field crops. In order to study the effect of chickpea genotypes seed size on drought tolerance an experiment carried out as split-split plots based on randomized complete blocks design ...
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Seed size has been known role as one of the important and effective traits on the yield, growth and development in many field crops. In order to study the effect of chickpea genotypes seed size on drought tolerance an experiment carried out as split-split plots based on randomized complete blocks design during three cropping seasons (2010-2013). Drought stress levels as main plots were one-time irrigation at the planting, two and three times (each one after one month from planting date) and four chickpea genotypes ("Arman", "Azad", "ILC 482" and a "landrace from Turkey") were included in sub plots and three seed sizes (large seeds with > 8 mm, medium seeds with 6-8 mm and small seeds with less than 6 mm in diameters) were included in sub plots. Date of flowering and maturity, grain filling period, growth vigor (in start of flowering and maturity stages), plant height, 100 grain weight, dry biomass and grain yields were measured and analyzed. Drought tolerances of seed sizes and genotypes evaluated by using of different stress tolerance indices (Stress Susceptibility Index, Stress Tolerance Index, Tolerance Index, Mean Productivity Index and Geometric Mean Productivity Index) and based on the grain yields and traits ranking method. Results showed that the highest grain yields belonged to medium and large seed sizes (900 kg ha-1). In conclusion and based on drought tolerance indices and traits ranking method, "Azad" cultivar was tolerated to drought stress. The small and large seeds were susceptible and tolerated to drought stress, respectively.
Maryam Hadian-Deljou; Hasan Sarikhani
Abstract
Fruit browning and tissue softening due to damages during handling, quality losses and water loss are the major limiting factors reducing postharvest life of early ripening apples. In this study, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on fruit quality of apple cv ‘Golabe-Kohanz’ during postharvest ...
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Fruit browning and tissue softening due to damages during handling, quality losses and water loss are the major limiting factors reducing postharvest life of early ripening apples. In this study, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on fruit quality of apple cv ‘Golabe-Kohanz’ during postharvest life were investigated. Harvested fruits were immersed in zero, one, two and four mM SA and were maintained for 43 days at zero ?C. SA decreased the soluble solids content at last stages of storage. In addition, SA reduced softening rate and water loss. At the end of storage, the highest firmness was observed in one and two mM SA treated fruits and the highest water loss was measured in control. Treatment of fruits by all three concentrations of SA showed a little browning. The highest browning was observed in those of control. Also SA delayed reduction of the total phenolic. The results demonstrate that SA postharvest treatment of apple cv. ،Golabe-Kohanz, through reducing browning and maintaining fruit quality increased postharvest life.
Sodabeh Reza Beighi; Ehsan Bijanzadeh
Abstract
In order to study the effect of silicon on biochemical traits, leaf relative water content and yield of two bread and durum wheat cultivars under late season water stress conditions, a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replicates during 2017-2018 ...
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In order to study the effect of silicon on biochemical traits, leaf relative water content and yield of two bread and durum wheat cultivars under late season water stress conditions, a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replicates during 2017-2018 growing season. Treatments included of water stress in two levels included normal irrigation and water stress at the end of flowering, silicon (Si) spraying at 0, 1, 2, and 3 mM and two wheat cultivars consisted of Chamran as bread wheat and Shabrang as durum wheat. The results showed that the main effects of late seasonal water stress, cultivar and silicon on leaf relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, carotenoid content and yield were significant. Under water stress conditions, when plants exposed to 3 mM silicon RWC increased 50% compared to no silicon application conditions. Grain protein under water stress conditions and 3 mM silicon was 59.3% higher than no silicon condition. Also, total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content under water stress conditions and application of 3 mM silicon increased 42.5 and 44.9%, respectively. In Chamran cultivar, application of silicon at 3 mM increased total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, RWC and grain protein 40, 43, 42 and 56.4%, respectively, which caused 19.7% increase in grain yield compared to Shabrang cultivar under water stress conditions. In general, foliar application of 3 mM silicon by improving total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and RWC can play an important role in increasing yield under water stress conditions.
Ali Mahrokh; Farid Golzardi; Farhad Azizi; seid mohammad ali mofidian; Mohammad Zamanian; Vahid Rahjoo; Masoud Torabi; Elias soltani
Abstract
To identify the limiting factors in grain maize production in Iran, a study has been carried out to particulate effective and influential management factors of this crop’s production in the country. The data come from 95 final reports or extracted articles in Agricultural Research, Education, and ...
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To identify the limiting factors in grain maize production in Iran, a study has been carried out to particulate effective and influential management factors of this crop’s production in the country. The data come from 95 final reports or extracted articles in Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), undergoing meta-analysis. Based on this study, of all grain maize variation, 2.93% is justified by plant density, 6.81% by planting structure, 11.12% by planting rotation, 2.28% by conservation agriculture, 25.28% by drought stress, 4.99% by cultivar, 4.46% by planting date, and 25.84% by nitrogen fertilizer. Accordingly, 100 thousand plants per hectare, zigzag double rows planting structure, maize-leguminous crops planting pattern, cultivating in residue, optimum irrigation without drought stress (in case of water availability), 700 maturity group cultivar (in case of adequate growing season), planting in May and early August in temperate and tropical climate, and using maximum 100-300 kg urea fertilizer per hectare are recommended to decrease yield gap in grain maize production.
Razie Nabavi Moghadam; Mohammad Hossein Saberi; Mohamad Hasan Sayyari
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different amounts of Fe and Mn on qualitative and quantitative traits of forage maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid single cross 704, an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications at Qaneat city (Southern ...
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To investigate the effect of different amounts of Fe and Mn on qualitative and quantitative traits of forage maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid single cross 704, an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications at Qaneat city (Southern Khorasan Province) in 2010. Treatments consisted of 4 levels of FeSO4 (no fertilizer as control and 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha) and 4 levels of MnSO4 (no fertilizer as control and 10, 20 and 40 kg/ha).With increase of Fe and Mn fertilizers, a significant increase was occurred in plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, dry weight (stem, leaf, maize) and dry forage yield. Increased rates to optimum level (Fe-60 and Mn-20 kg/ha fertilizers according to the soil test), increased the yield, but more fertilizer reduced the quality. Therefore for forage with good quality and quantity, 60 and 20 kg/ha of Fe and Mn fertilizers, respectively is recommended for this area.
Sakineh Abdi
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangement on fenugreek and savory yield and essential oil. An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications. Treatments included different row intercropping systems; 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+3, 3+1 ...
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To investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangement on fenugreek and savory yield and essential oil. An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications. Treatments included different row intercropping systems; 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+3, 3+1 (savory+fenugreek) and sole cropping fenugreek and savory. Results revealed that fenugreek yield in sole cropping is significantly higher than that of intercropping system. The highest percentage of fenugreek grain protein, savory dry weight, savory essential oil percentage and essential oil yield was obtained in 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek. The highest fenugreek essential oil yield was achieved in sole cropping and 1 row savory+3 row fenugreek. Among the used intercropping treatments, the highest intercropping advantage (IA) (1.29) was obtained in 1 row savory+3 row fenugreek. The maximum land equivalent ratio (LER) values (1.94) was obtained in 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek, indicating yield improvement in intercropping systems by 94 percent as compared with sole cropping. According to the yield and agronomic and economic benefits, it seems that 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek is suitable for increasing the income of farmers and land use efficiency.
Erfan Sepahvand; Ali Momenpour; Ali Imani; Mahmoud Ghasemnejad
Abstract
This research was conducted to study some vegetative and reproductive traits as well as qualitative andquantitative characteristics and their correlation in 80 almond genotypes. Qualitative traits were studiedaccording to gulcan descriptor. Quantitative traits were analyzed as completely randomized design(CRD), ...
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This research was conducted to study some vegetative and reproductive traits as well as qualitative andquantitative characteristics and their correlation in 80 almond genotypes. Qualitative traits were studiedaccording to gulcan descriptor. Quantitative traits were analyzed as completely randomized design(CRD), with 12 replications. The results showed that genotypes had significant difference in fruit, nut,kernel weight and kernel to nut weight ratio. No169 genotype was very late blooming and had large sizeand moderate quality fruits. Fruit, nut and kernel weight in this genotype were 12.50, 4.75 and 1.28,respectively. Kernel of this genotype was sweet with low shriveling, which are important of consumeracceptance. The traits correlation showed that fruit, nut and kernel weight and size, had significantpositive correlation together. Also, kernel taste had significant negative correlation with pubescence,shriveling and color intensity of kernel. Results of cluster analysis showed that, in Euclidean distance of25, all genotypes were divided into two main branches. With decrease in the Euclidean distance from 25to 5, the genotypes were divided into eight main subclusters. Cluster analysis revealed that the traits oftree high and growth vigor, fruit, nut and kernel size and shell sofftness and hardness were the maincharacteristics separating the genotypes.
Ali Tadayyon; Hajar Nadeali
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of drought stress on the physiological characteristics of salad burent (Poterium sanguisorba), a field experiment was conducted in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 growing season. Four levels of irrigation (20, 40, 60 and ...
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To evaluate the effect of drought stress on the physiological characteristics of salad burent (Poterium sanguisorba), a field experiment was conducted in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 growing season. Four levels of irrigation (20, 40, 60 and 80 percentage of available soil moisture) and three different ecotypes of Tehran, Semirom and Fereidon Shahr were used as main and sub plots, respectively at the three harvest stages (82, 112 and 142 days after planting).Water stress significantly affected on the shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content, protein (%), total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a and b, but effect of the ecotypes was only significant on shoot dry weight at all three stages and relative water content at second and third stages. Maximum shoot dry weight obtained in Tehran ecotype under 20 and 40% of available water at each three harvest stage. More relative water content was observed at 40% of available water at each harvest stage.
Hamzeh Khanjaniafshar; Mehrdad Chaichi; Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari; amin farnia
Abstract
Drought, being the most common abiotic stress, is a major factor in crop yields as it limits crop production on a global basis. To evaluate the effects of foliar application with potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) in the pollination stage on morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat under water ...
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Drought, being the most common abiotic stress, is a major factor in crop yields as it limits crop production on a global basis. To evaluate the effects of foliar application with potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) in the pollination stage on morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat under water stress conditions, a split-factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates have been carried out at the experimental farm of the Research, Education and Extension Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Hamadan during 2017-2018. The main plot includes irrigation levels (normal and water stress) and the subplot, two factors of foliar application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer from K2O source (40%) includes 2 liters per ha at three levels; I) without fertilizer (the control), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, and III) leaf spray after pollination. Also, zinc fertilizer from water-soluble zinc source (10%) includes four liters per ha in three levels: I) without fertilizer (the control), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, and III) the use of leaf spray after pollination. The results of the analysis of variance show a significant difference between treatments in all studied traits. Significant differences in all of the traits are observed under stress and normal irrigation. Co-application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers, compared to the control, has increased evaluated morphological indices of HI (21%), grain yield (52%), total yield (29%), and TKW (25%) under stress conditions. Therefore, according to the results, the use of K and Zn fertilizers as a foliar application at the beginning of booting reduces the harmful effects of drought stress on the plant, increasing the yield and morphological characteristics of wheat.
Ebrahim Abedi; Vali Rabie; Malek Ghasemi; Farhang Razavi; Javad Fattahi
Abstract
Information about the temperature requirements in fruit trees has an important effect on productivity and determining suitable regions for their growing. This research was carried out using single node cuttings test in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Citrus and Subtropical ...
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Information about the temperature requirements in fruit trees has an important effect on productivity and determining suitable regions for their growing. This research was carried out using single node cuttings test in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Citrus and Subtropical Research Center in 2015-16. This study was conducted to determine the chilling requirements of Hayward and Tomuri cultivars and male and female golden genotypes using three chilling models (Chilling hours, Utah, Dynamic) and their heat requirements using growth degree hours (GHD) method. Results showed that the chilling requirements of female and male golden genotype buds were 480 and 585 chilling hours, respectively, and for Hayward and Tomuri cultivars were 692 chilling hours. The amount of buds heat requirements in the cultivar and genotype ranged from 2233 GHD in female golden genotype to 4066 GHD in Hayward cultivar. Hayward cultivar required 966 hours of chilling requirement for maximum flowering, meanwhile Tomuri, male and female golden genotype had a similar chilling for both vegetative bud break and flowering including 692, 585 and 480 hours, respectively. With continued sampling, heat requirements reduced and significant negative correlation was found between chilling and heat requirements for bud break. From low chilling requirements of male and female golden genotypes, we can deduce that climatic conditions may be not limiting factor in the leading of them in growing area. It is thought that Utah and dynamic models may be more suitable than hour model to evaluate of chilling requirements.
Faezeh Chehrehnoorani; Rahdari Parvaneh; Marefat Mostafavi Rad; Mahmoud Asadi; Shadi Kiabi
Abstract
Objective: In order to evaluate the foliar application of Ca and Zn fertilizers on seed and fatty acids composition of peanut oil (cv. NC2), an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Rasht, Iran, during 2018 and 2019 cropping ...
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Objective: In order to evaluate the foliar application of Ca and Zn fertilizers on seed and fatty acids composition of peanut oil (cv. NC2), an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Rasht, Iran, during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons.Methods: This experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Four levels of Zn fertilizer sources, including without Zn application (as control), nano-chelated Zn fertilizer, Zn-EDTA, and Zn sulfate were considered as the main plot and four levels of Ca fertilizer sources, including nano-chelated Ca fertilizer, Ca-EDTA, Ca-chloride and, Ca-nitrate were considered as the sub plot.Results: Foliar application of fertilizers was done before the flowering stage and then repeated with 30-days intervals. The highest seed yield (2790 kg/ha), biological yield (9303 kg/ha), seed oil content (52.3 percent), oil yield (1625 kg/ha), protein yield (673 kg/ha), and oleic unsaturated fatty acid (57.3 percent) was obtained under simultaneous foliar application of Ca and Zn nano-fertilizers and increased the parameters by 29.8, 17.5, 13.4, 38.3, 24.4 and 19.2 percent in comparison to control treatment, respectively.Conclusion: Application of Zn and Ca nano-chelated fertilizers as foliar sprays improved seed and oil yield of peanut under the local conditions. Hence, the Zn and Ca nano-chelated fertilizers could be recommended to enhance the quantitative and qualitative yield of peanut.
Peyman Mohammadzadeh Toutounchi; Alireza Pirzad; Jalal Jalilian
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on the yield (quality and quantity) of chicory forage under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment was conducted at Urmia University based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. Treatments included ...
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In order to investigate the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on the yield (quality and quantity) of chicory forage under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment was conducted at Urmia University based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. Treatments included control, Mycorrhiza (AMF), Thiobacillus bacteria (Thio), AMF+Thio, Vermicompost (V), AMF+V, Thio+V and AMF+Thio+V that their effects were evaluated in two growth stages (before stem elongation and full flowering). In comparison with control, the AMF+Thio+V increased dry forage yield, dry matter digestibility, crude protein yield and water soluble carbohydrates yield 99.72%, 143.21%, 68.54% and 76% in full flowering stage, respectively, and this treatment had lowest acid detergent fiber content at both growth stages among all treatments. In general, the use of Mycorrhiza and Thiobacillus together with vermicompost, improved the quantitative and qualitative performance of chicory forage in rainfed condition.
Majid Rahimizadeh
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of N and P chemical fertilizers with biological N and P fertilizers on competition between cotton and weeds with split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the years 2014 and 2015. The ...
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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of N and P chemical fertilizers with biological N and P fertilizers on competition between cotton and weeds with split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the years 2014 and 2015. The main plots consisted of two levels of weed management practices including weed free and weedy check. Sub plots had five treatments included integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers:1-Control (Without fertilizer) 2-Urea+Triplesuperphosphate (TSP) 3-Nitroxin+50% urea+100% TSP 4-100% urea+Barvar2 +50% TSP 5-Nitroxin+Barvar2+50% urea+50% TSP. In the first year, control of weeds increased LAI and number of boll per plant to 34 and 22 percent, respectively and cotton yield increased by 67 percent in the first year and 50 percent in the second year. Fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on stem length, LAI, number of sympodial branches and boll per plant, and yield of cotton. Under weed interference condition, use chemical fertilizers alone reduced cotton growth and yield due to increasing competitive ability of weeds. But reducing urea consumption by half and replace it with nitroxin, increased cotton yield by 61% compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment due to increasing number of boll per plant. This result indicates that the use of biological fertilizers reduce the negative effects of chemical fertilizers and increase crop competitiveness against weeds
mohammadsaleh ravan; ali Rahemi karizaki; Abbas Biabani; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ebrahim gholamali pouralmdari
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of barley cultivars on the yield and yield components of grain under rain-fed conditions a factorial experiment has been carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Gonbad-e Kavous University Research Field during 2016 – 2017 and ...
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In order to investigate the effect of barley cultivars on the yield and yield components of grain under rain-fed conditions a factorial experiment has been carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Gonbad-e Kavous University Research Field during 2016 – 2017 and 2017 – 2018 growing seasons. Density treatments of 200, 300, 400, and 500 grain per square meter have been considered as the first, and four barley cultivars, namely Fardan, Khorram, Mahoor, and Sahra, have been taken as the second factors. In case of the number of grains per spike and the number of spikes per square meter, Sahra cultivar in minimum density and Mahoor cultivar in maximum density have proven to be the best cultivars, respectively. The highest thousand grain weight belongs to Fardan cultivar. Maximum grain yield in first and second year of the experiment have been obtained from Mahoor cultivars with 300 grains in meter square and Khorram with 200 grains in meter square, respectively. Higher yield in the second year than the first one seems to be due to higher rainfall and more appropriate distribution, especially in the reproductive stage and grain filling period. In both years, a negative and strong correlation is observed between the number of spikes per square meter and the number of grains per spike (r=-0.67 and r=-0.83 in the first and second year, respectively); but this correlation has been positive with grain yield. The highest positive and significant correlation belongs to the one between grain yield, harvest index, and biological yield. According to the results, an increase in grain yield is due to the increase in both harvest index and biological yield. Finally, optimum density for maximum grain yield has been 200 grain in meter square for Fardan, Khorram, and Sahra; and 300 for Mahoor.
sodabe norzad; Ahmad ahmadian; Mohammad Moghaddam; elham daneshfar
Abstract
To study the effect of drought stress during using organic and chemical fertilizers on morphological, agronomic traits and the essential oil of coriander, a field experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications at Agricultural Research Station, College ...
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To study the effect of drought stress during using organic and chemical fertilizers on morphological, agronomic traits and the essential oil of coriander, a field experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications at Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran during growing season of 2010-2011. Treatments were consisted of three levels of drought stress (30, 60 and 90 percent FC) and fertilizer treatments [control, NPK (60: 60: 40), caw manure (25 ton/ha) and vermicompost (25 ton/ha)]. Different traits such as plant height stem diameter, number of branches, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight, herbage yield and number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, total number of seeds in plant, fruit yield, 1000 seed weight and essential oil percentage and yield were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated that water stress and application of fertilizer treatment had significant effect on all studied trait. The maximum herbage yield (5371 kg/ha) and seed yield (3905 kg/ha) were achieved in 90 percent FC combined with NPK and mild stress under NPK treatment, respectively. The highest essential oil percentage (0.77 percent) and essential oil yield (18.49 kg/ha) were obtained in mild stress by using chemical fertilizers. According to the fact that application of fertilizers in mild stress conditions leads to increase in essential oils yield, using chemical fertilizers under mild drought stress is recommended for coriandering as a medicinal plant.
Fatemeh Ahmadi; Ali Momenpour; Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani; Jalal Gholamnezhad
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of salinity stress on some of growth characteristics of selected pomegranate (Punica granatum) genotypes of regains with salinity water and soil, a factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD), with two factors; genotypes in 4 levels (‘Vahshi ...
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To evaluate the effect of salinity stress on some of growth characteristics of selected pomegranate (Punica granatum) genotypes of regains with salinity water and soil, a factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD), with two factors; genotypes in 4 levels (‘Vahshi Babolsar’, ‘Narak Lasjerd Semnan’, ‘Chah Afzal’ and ‘Voshik Torsh Saravan’ genotypes and irrigation water salinity in 5 levels (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS/m respectively). The results showed that type of genotype and level of salinity affected morphological and physiological characteristics and concentration of leaves element nutrient. In all of the studied genotypes, with increasing of salinity concentration, growth characteristics including branch height, branch diameter, number of total leaves, green leaves percentage, aerial organs fresh and dry weight, relative humidity percentage, SPAD, contents of a, b and total chlorophylls reduced. But, necrotic leaves percentage, downfall leaves percentage, root fresh weight to aerial organs fresh weight ratio, relative ionic percentage, Na+ and cl- percentage and Na+ to K+ ratio increased. Overall, ‘Chah Afzal’ and ‘Voshik Torsh Saravan’ genotypes were recognized as the most tolerant and sensitive genotypes to salinity stress, in respectively. ‘Chah Afzal’ genotype could be tolerated salinity and 7 dS/m by maintaining its growth characteristics and increasing potassium uptake against sodium.
payman abbaszadeh dahaji; Dina S. Rezaie; Abdolreza Akhgar; Ali A. Soltani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of bacterial isolates on growth parameters and nutrient uptake in two varieties of maize (such as SC704 & TWC645), two experiments were separately conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse of University of Vali-e-Asr in ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of bacterial isolates on growth parameters and nutrient uptake in two varieties of maize (such as SC704 & TWC645), two experiments were separately conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse of University of Vali-e-Asr in 2014. The experimental treatments consist of four isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonads (P7, P15, P24 and P29) and control (without bacteria inoculation). The results showed that the inoculation with isolates P29, P15, P7, P15, P29 and p24 respectively increased shoot dry weight (42.9 %), shoot length (23.7 %), leaf area (43.6 %), chlorophyll content (15.9 %), root dry weight (49.8 %) and root mass in variety of SC704 compared to the control (no inoculation). The application of most of the examined isolates enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mn in variety of SC704 significantly compared to the control. The examined isolates increased the uptake of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in root and shoot in variety of TWC645 significantly compared to the control. The highest uptake of Zn was observed in treatment P29 which raised the uptake of Zn in root and shoot 66.2 and 41.8 respectively in variety of TWC645 in comparison with control. All isolates had significant effect on SC704 root zinc uptake and largest increase in shoot Zn uptake was related to isolate P29 with 60.2% increase compared to the control. Overall, our observations revealed that the inoculation of maize with selected isolates had effective role on the growth and uptake of nutrients in maize.
Babak Darvishi; Mehrdad Eshghi; Sarhad Bahrami; Hamid Nasiri; Rahmat Azad; Atefe Khandan; Rahman Bakhtar; abbas Norouzi
Abstract
Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test is performed by Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) or its legal representative according to articles 17-24 of second part of the executive regulations of the law on Registration of Plant Varieties. In this regard, in order to value ...
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Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test is performed by Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) or its legal representative according to articles 17-24 of second part of the executive regulations of the law on Registration of Plant Varieties. In this regard, in order to value for cultivation and use test of two imported chickpea cultivars (Araz and Goksu), an experiment is conducted based on complete randomized block design in three replications and four locations (Oshnavieh, Moghan, Saral and Kamyaran) during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Results show that the amount of chickpea seed yield in Oshnavieh location (temperate cold rejoin) is significantly higher than other studied locations (3365.5 kg.ha-1). Due to the significant interaction of cultivar × location on seed yield, different cultivars have had the highest yield in different locations. The highest 100 seed weight has belonged to Araz (39.11 gr), Goksu (37.04 gr), and Saeed (36.22 gr) cultivars. Goksu has had the highest height of first pod (21.59 cm), followed by Hashem (20.13 cm), Araz (19.43 cm), Saeed (19.02 cm) and Mansour (18.08 cm). Goksu, Mansour and Saeed cultivars has had longest physiological maturity period. The physiological maturity period in Araz and Areman cultivars is significantly shorter than other studied cultivars. Araz and Goksu cultivars are considered two suitable chickpea germplasm for cultivation in Iran due to their appropriate yield, higher 100 seed weight and higher first pod height.
Nabi Hadavand; Ahmad Ershadi; Rohollah Karimi; Alireza Talaei; Mohammad Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh
Abstract
High-density planting system is one of the effective methods for improving production and profitability of tree orchards. In this research, the effects of four planting densities (1904, 2666, 3137 and 4800 tree/ha) on annual shoot growth, Physicochemical properties of fruit and leaf mineral contents ...
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High-density planting system is one of the effective methods for improving production and profitability of tree orchards. In this research, the effects of four planting densities (1904, 2666, 3137 and 4800 tree/ha) on annual shoot growth, Physicochemical properties of fruit and leaf mineral contents of apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv ‘Granny Smith’) tree grafted on M26 clonal rootstock were studied in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, during 2009-2010. Based on results, planting density significantly affected some qualitative characteristics such as fruit length, fruit diameter, total soluble solid, fruit dry matter, fruit ash and sun scald, but no significant effect on fruit weight, fruit L/D ratio, TA and tenacity were observed. Planting density significantly affected the leaf N and Fe concentrations. The highest N (1.81 percent) and Cu (39 µg/kg) the lowest Fe of leaves (237 µg/kg) was observed with 1904 tree/ha. Although, planting density had no significant effect on other mineral elements, but with increasing the planting density, leaf P, K, Mg and Mn content increased, but, Ca and Cu decreased. Increasing in N and Fe was associated with a decrease and increase of current seasonal shoot growth, respectively. Likewise, trees with higher crop tend to have more N and less Fe. These results showed that, under Iran climatic condition, with increasing in planting density of apple orchardit can be produced higher fruit crop without decrease in its quality parameters.
Shima Chayani; Ahmad Ershadi; Hasan Sarikhani
Abstract
Delaying bud break, using chemicals is an approach to avoid spring frost damage. Therefore, the effect of spraying different concentrations of soybean oil and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on delaying bud break, altering internal atmosphere and cold hardiness in grape cultivar ‘Fakhri’ was ...
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Delaying bud break, using chemicals is an approach to avoid spring frost damage. Therefore, the effect of spraying different concentrations of soybean oil and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on delaying bud break, altering internal atmosphere and cold hardiness in grape cultivar ‘Fakhri’ was studied in 2011 in a commercial vineyard in Maryanaj, Hamedan using a factorial trial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Selected branches were pruned to six buds. The concentration of carbon dioxide and ethylene gases in the buds were measured three days after spraying. Results showed that spraying 10 percent soybean oil alone or in combination with 100 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid caused the highest concentration of carbon dioxide and ethylene in buds, delayed bud bursting for 12 days and improved cold resistance of buds by 5°C. Auxin had minor impact on delaying opening and increasing cold tolerance of buds, while five percent soybean oil alone or in combination with NAA had intermediate effect. Applying oil treatments in March had more considerable effect on delaying bud opening and CO2 and ethylene accumulation, compared to April spraying. It seems that applying soybean oil prolongs bud dormancy due to increasing respiratory gases accumulation which subsequently delays bud break and resulted in decreased spring frost damage.
Rasol Heydarnejad; Zahra Ghahremani; Taher Barzegar; Vali Rabiei
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of harvest time and duration of storage on the fruit quality and storage longevity of physalis )Physalis angulate L.(, an experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD), with three replications in 2016. Factors were three fruit harvest stages (mature green, ...
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To evaluate the effects of harvest time and duration of storage on the fruit quality and storage longevity of physalis )Physalis angulate L.(, an experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD), with three replications in 2016. Factors were three fruit harvest stages (mature green, yellowish green, and yellow) and storage times (0 (harvest time), 10, 20, 30 days). The results showed that different harvest times and storage durations had significant effects on the fruit quality indices and storage longevity. The highest value of flavor and fruit color index, vitamin C (201.54 mg) and total soluble solids (TSS) (7.6 percent of brix) contents were obtained in the fruit harvested at the yellow stage under 10 days storage duration, and with longer storage duration reduced vitamin C and TSS contents. The maximum titratable acidity (1.71 mg/100gr) and pH of fruit were observed at the mature green stage in harvest time. Chart differences color in storage was accompanied by an upward trend in the amount of mature green fruit significantly different than the fruit was yellowish green and yellow. According to the results, because of climacteric nature of physalis fruits, gradual ripening and fruit color change, harvesting of fruit at mature green stage increased the storage life up to 30 days at 15 °C compared to other fruits harvested times.
Seyed Farhad Saberali
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between planting date and the nitrogen application rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Torbat-e-Jam, Khorasan Razavi province. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements and three ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between planting date and the nitrogen application rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Torbat-e-Jam, Khorasan Razavi province. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements and three replications in Torbat-e-Jam, in the 2019-2020. Experimental treatments included three planting dates: 1 October, 17 October and 2 November as the main plot, and nitrogen fertilizer at levels 0 (as a control), 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 as a subplot. Pishtaz cultivar was planted in experimental plots which included 7 planting lines with a row spacing of 15 cm and a length of 8 m. The results of the analysis of variance showed that planting date and nitrogen fertilizer application and their interaction had a significant effect on all measured traits. The results showed that the yield and yield components were the highest on 1 October, and the values of most of these traits showed a significant decrease in planting on 12 November compared to 10 October. The highest grain yield was obtained from a nitrogen application rate of 200 kg ha-1 on 1 October and 16 October, while the maximum yield was obtained with an application rate of 175 kg ha-1 on 2 November. The growth and yield response of wheat to the rate of nitrogen application decreased with a delay in planting date, and the option of planting date must be considered in order to recommend efficient fertilizer usage.