Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Corresponding Author, Department of Horticulture Science and Engineering, High Educational Complex of Torbat e Jam, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. E-mail: sf.saberali@tjamcaas.ac.ir
10.22059/jci.2022.343273.2712
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between planting date and the nitrogen application rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Torbat-e-Jam, Khorasan Razavi province. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements and three replications in Torbat-e-Jam, in the 2019-2020. Experimental treatments included three planting dates: 1 October, 17 October and 2 November as the main plot, and nitrogen fertilizer at levels 0 (as a control), 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 as a subplot. Pishtaz cultivar was planted in experimental plots which included 7 planting lines with a row spacing of 15 cm and a length of 8 m. The results of the analysis of variance showed that planting date and nitrogen fertilizer application and their interaction had a significant effect on all measured traits. The results showed that the yield and yield components were the highest on 1 October, and the values of most of these traits showed a significant decrease in planting on 12 November compared to 10 October. The highest grain yield was obtained from a nitrogen application rate of 200 kg ha-1 on 1 October and 16 October, while the maximum yield was obtained with an application rate of 175 kg ha-1 on 2 November. The growth and yield response of wheat to the rate of nitrogen application decreased with a delay in planting date, and the option of planting date must be considered in order to recommend efficient fertilizer usage.
Keywords
احمدی، منصوره؛ کامکار، بهنام؛ سلطانی، افشین؛ زینلی، ابراهیم و عرب عامر، راحله (1391). تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر طول دورههای فنولوژیک ارقام گندم و رابطه آن با تولید عملکرد. مجله پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی، 7 (2)، 122-109.
بایگی، زینب؛ سیف‌زاده، سعید؛ شیرانی‌راد، امیرحسین؛ ولدآبادی، سید علیرضا و جعفرنژاد، احمد (1396). بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم بهاره در نیشابور. پژوهش‌های کاربردی زراعی، 30 (2)، 1-18. https://doi.org/10.22092/aj.2018.109088.1113
شهراسبی صادق، امام یحیی، رونقی عبدالمجید، پیرسته انوشه هادی (۱۳۹۴). اثر تنش خشکی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد دانه و کارایی زراعی مصرف نیتروژن گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) رقم سیروان در شرایط استان فارس. نشریه علوم زراعی ایران. ۱۷ (۴)، ۳۴۹-۳۶۳.
وزارت جهاد کشاورزی (1399). آمارنامه کشاورزی، تهران: معاونت آمار مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات.
References
Ahmadi, M., Kamkar, B., Soltani, A., Zeynali, E., & Arabameri, R. (2010). The effect of planting date on duration of phonological phases in wheat cultivars and it's relation with grain yield. Journal of Plant Production, 7(2), 109-122. (In Persian).
Akter, N., & Rafiqul Islam, M. (2017). Heat stress effects and management in wheat. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 37(8), 9.1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0443-9.
Baygi, Z., Saifzadeh, S., Shirani Rad, A. H., Valadabadi, S. A., & Jafarinejad, A. (2017). Investigating the effects of sowing date on growth indices and yield and yield components of spring wheat cultivars in Neyshabur. Iranian Journal of Applied Research in Field Crops, 30(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.22092/AJ.2018.109088.111. (In Persian).
Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2008). The nature and properties of soils. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
FAO, (2020). World Food and agriculture data. Retrieved 15 August 2022, from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en /.
Ferrante, A., Savin, R., & Slafer, G. A. (2020). Floret development and spike fertility in wheat: Differences between cultivars of contrasting yield potential and their sensitivity to photoperiod and soil. Field Crops Research, 256(10), 107908. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FCR.2020.107908.
Gonzalez, F. G., Slafer, G. A., & Miralles, D. J. (2005). Photoperiod during stem elongation in wheat: is its impact on fertile floret and grain number determination similar to that of radiation? Functional Plant Biology, 32(3), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP04103.
Jafarikouhini, N., Kazemeini, S. A., & Sinclair, T. R. (2020). Sweet corn nitrogen accumulation, leaf photosynthesis rate, and radiation use efficiency under variable nitrogen fertility and irrigation. Field Crops Research, 257(10), 107913. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FCR.2020.107913.
Kaur, V., & Behl, R. K. (2010). Grain yield in wheat as affected by short periods of high temperature, drought and their interaction during pre- and post-anthesis stages. Cereal Research Communications, 38(12), 514-520. https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.38.2010.4.8.
Makino, A., Shimada, T., Takumi, S., Kaneko, K., Matsuoka, M., Shimamoto, K., Nakano, H., Miyao-Tokutomi, M., Mae, T., & Yamamoto, N. (1997). Does decrease in ribulose-1, 5 bisphosphate carboxylase by antisense RbcS lead to a higher N-use efficiency of photosynthesis under conditions of saturating CO2 and light in rice plants? Plant Physiology, 114(2), 483-491. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.2.483.
Mathur, S., Jajoo, A., Mehta, P., & Bharti, S. (2011). Analysis of elevated temperature-induced inhibition of photosystem II using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics in wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum). Plant Biolology, 13(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00319.x.
Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. (2019). Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Statistical Yearbook. Tehran: Agriculture Jahad publication. (In Persian).
Ozer, H. (2003). Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy, 19(3), 453-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00136-3.
Porter, J. R. & Gawith, M. (1999). Temperatures and the growth and development of wheat: a review. European Journal of Agronomy, 10(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(98)00047-1.
Qadeer, U., Ahmed, M., -Hassan, F. U., & Akmal, M. (2019). Impact of nitrogen addition on physiological, crop total nitrogen, efficiencies and agronomic traits of the wheat crop under rainfed conditions. Sustainability, 11(22), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226486.
Saberali, S.F., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M., Bannayan, M., Aghaalikhani, M., Haghayegh, G., & Hoogenboom, G. (2016). Common bean canopy characteristics and N assimilation as affected by weed pressure and nitrogen rate. Journal of Agricultural Science, 154(4), 598-611. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859615000477.
Shahrasbi, S., Emam, Y., Ronaghi, A., & Pirasteh-Anosheh, H. )2016(. Effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sirvan) in Fars Province, Iran conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 17(4), 349 -363. 20.1001.1.15625540.1394.17.4.7.5. (In Persian).
Slafer, G.A., Abeledo, L.G., Miralles, D.J., Gonzalez, F.G. & Whitechurch, E.M. (2001). Photoperiod sensitivity during stem elongation as an avenue to raise potential yield in wheat. Euphytica 119(5), 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017535632171.
Sun, J., Ye, M., Peng, S., & Li, Y. (2016). Nitrogen can improve the rapid response of photosynthesis to changing irradiance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Scientific Reports, 6(9), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31305.
Tilley, M. S., Heiniger, R. W., & Crozier, C. R. (2019). Tiller initiation and its effects on yield and yield components in winter wheat. Agronomy Journal, 111(5), 1323-1332. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.07.0469.
Tremblay, N. & Belec, C. (2006). Adapting nitrogen fertilization to unpredictable seasonal conditions with the least impact on-the environment. Horttechnology, 16(3), 408-412. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.16.3.0408.
Van Ittersum, M.K., & Rabbinge, R. (1997). Concepts in production ecology for analysis and quantification of agricultural input-output combinations. Field Crops Research, 52(3), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00037-3.
Villegas, D., Alfaro, C., Ammar, K., Cátedra, M. M., Crossa, J., García del Moral, L. F., & Royo, C. (2016). Daylength, temperature and solar radiation effects on the phenology and yield formation of spring durum wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 202(3), 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/JAC.12146.
Wardlaw, I. F., & Moncur, L. (1995). The response of wheat to high temperature following anthesis. I. The rate and duration of kernel filling. Australian Journal Plant Physiology, 22(3), 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9950391.
Xie, Q., Mayes, S., & Sparkes, D. L. (2016). Optimizing tiller production and survival for grain yield improvement in a bread wheat× spelt mapping population. Annals Botany, 117(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcv147.
Yin, X.Y., Guo, W., &Spiertz, J.H. (2009). A quantitative approach to characterize sink-source relationships during grain filling in contrasting wheat genotypes. Field Crops Research, 114(1), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.07.013.
Zhang, L., He, X., Liang, Z., Zhang, W., Zou, C., & Chen, X. (2020). Tiller development affected by nitrogen fertilization in a high-yielding wheat production system. Crop Science 60(2), 1034-1047. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20140.
Zhang, Z., Zhou, N., Xing, Z., Liu, B., Tian, J., Wei, H., Gao, H., & Zhang, H. (2022). Effects of Temperature and Radiation on Yield of Spring Wheat at Different Latitudes. Agriculture, 12(5), 627-634. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050627.
)