Babak Sepehri; Hami dreza tohidi Moghadam; Farshad Ghooshchi; Meysam Oveysi; Pourang Kasraie
Abstract
Periwinkle herb with the scientific name (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world which in addition to haring leaves beautiful flowers and decorative application, it also has different applications in pharmaceutical industries cosmetics and hygienic. This plant, ...
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Periwinkle herb with the scientific name (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world which in addition to haring leaves beautiful flowers and decorative application, it also has different applications in pharmaceutical industries cosmetics and hygienic. This plant, in its young leaves has very important alkaloids which called vinblastine and vincristine which has in chemotherapy of different type of cancers (leukemia, breast and lymph nodes) and its roots contain ajmalicine alkaloids that is used in treatment of hypotension. This research was for investigation of the effect of growth regulator and spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles under the conditions of drought stresses on total alkaloids, anthocyanin, total chlorophyll, the weight of wet and dry branches contain alkaloids, and the number of lateral branches periwinkle herb (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.DON) arranged as a factorial pot experiment based on a completely randomized design which took place in greenhouse condition during years 2020 and 2021 in Tehran, Iran. In the study of the effects of drought stress and spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles on all investigated traits (total alkaloid, anthocyanin, total chlorophyll, fresh and dry weight of alkaloid-containing branches, and the number of lateral branches), there was a statistically significant difference in A level of 1% was observed (P≤0.01). But in the interactions effects of drought stresses and growth regulator showed the highest effect on wet branches contain alkaloids (P≤0.01).
maryam mansouri; Gholam Akbari; elias soltani; Fatemeh Benakashani
Abstract
Objective: Study of the promising plant Niger seed with the goal of oil production in PakdashtMethods: This research was carried out in the form of a split-split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the year 2021 in the Aburihan campus research farm located ...
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Objective: Study of the promising plant Niger seed with the goal of oil production in PakdashtMethods: This research was carried out in the form of a split-split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the year 2021 in the Aburihan campus research farm located in Pakdasht. In this study, irrigation cycle in three levels (once every 7 days, once every 10 days and once every 13 days) as the main factor, planting date in two levels (5 June and 22 June) as a secondary factor and fertilizing with bio-fertilizers In four-level including control (without biofertilizer), Shift biofertilizer, Chris biofertilizer and the combination of Shift and Chris biofertilizers as sub-factors were considered.Results: The results showed that the plants cultivated on June 22 were superior to the plants cultivated on June 5 in all investigated traits (including yield components, seed yield, and biological yield) and all three tested irrigation levels. Also with increasing levels of drought stress, the seed yield has significantly decreased in both planting dates under investigation. However, the ratio of seed yield reduction under drought stress was significantly lower in plants cultivated on June 22nd compared to those cultivated on June 5th.Conclusion: The cultivation of seed Niger plant with the application of Chris biofertilizer in the same weather conditions on June 22nd, is recommended as a promising plant that has an acceptable yield from an agricultural point of view and its product has a high oil content.
Hamzeh Khanjani afshar; Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari; Mehrdad Chaichi; amin farnia
Abstract
To investigate the effect of zinc and potassium application on some morphological traits and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress, a split-factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were carried out at the experimental farm of the Research, ...
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To investigate the effect of zinc and potassium application on some morphological traits and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress, a split-factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were carried out at the experimental farm of the Research, Education and Extension Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Hamadan during 2017-2018. The main plot included irrigation levels (normal and water stress) and the subplot included two factors of foliar application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer from K2O source (40%) including 2 L/ha at three levels; I) without fertilizer (control sample), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, III) leaf spray after pollination, and zinc fertilizer from water-soluble zinc source (10%) including four liters per ha in three levels; I) without fertilizer (control sample), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, III) leaf spray was used after pollination. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between treatments in all studied traits. Significant differences in all of the traits were observed under stress and normal irrigation. Co-application of potassium and zinc fertilizers compared to the control increased grain yield (4.5%) and RWC (5.8%) evaluated morphological indices under stress conditions.To investigat
Mohammad Zamanian; Farid Golzardi; Ali Mahrokh; Farhad Azizi; Masoud Torabi; Vida Ghotbi; Mohammad ali Mofidian; Vahid Rahjoo; Elias Soltani
Abstract
The present study is conducted to separate the effective and influential management factors in the production of clover forage in Iran and to identify its limiting factors. In this study, the data obtained from 68 research projects conducted by the Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization ...
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The present study is conducted to separate the effective and influential management factors in the production of clover forage in Iran and to identify its limiting factors. In this study, the data obtained from 68 research projects conducted by the Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO) throughout the country during the 2009-2020 years have been analyzed, using the meta-analysis method. The results show that planting date -3.31%, planting method -22.82%, species +40.14%, seeding rate (planting density) +1.53%, drought stress -16.16 %, and phenological stage of forage harvesting -15.42% justify the amount of forage clover variation. Thus, fall planting in the middle of September, basin planting method, choosing the Berseem clover species (Trifolium alexandrinum var. Karaj), the seeding rate of 15-20 kg ha-1 (for forage production), and forage harvesting at the phenological stage of 10-25% flowering, are the most important management and agronomic factors in increasing clover forage production in cold and temperate regions, and not complying with one or a set of these factors will reduce the clover production and will cause yield gap. Overall, the species, planting method, and drought stress are respectively recognized as the most important factors affecting clover forage yield in Iran.
Hamzeh Khanjaniafshar; Mehrdad Chaichi; Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari; amin farnia
Abstract
Drought, being the most common abiotic stress, is a major factor in crop yields as it limits crop production on a global basis. To evaluate the effects of foliar application with potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) in the pollination stage on morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat under water ...
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Drought, being the most common abiotic stress, is a major factor in crop yields as it limits crop production on a global basis. To evaluate the effects of foliar application with potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) in the pollination stage on morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat under water stress conditions, a split-factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates have been carried out at the experimental farm of the Research, Education and Extension Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Hamadan during 2017-2018. The main plot includes irrigation levels (normal and water stress) and the subplot, two factors of foliar application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer from K2O source (40%) includes 2 liters per ha at three levels; I) without fertilizer (the control), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, and III) leaf spray after pollination. Also, zinc fertilizer from water-soluble zinc source (10%) includes four liters per ha in three levels: I) without fertilizer (the control), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, and III) the use of leaf spray after pollination. The results of the analysis of variance show a significant difference between treatments in all studied traits. Significant differences in all of the traits are observed under stress and normal irrigation. Co-application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers, compared to the control, has increased evaluated morphological indices of HI (21%), grain yield (52%), total yield (29%), and TKW (25%) under stress conditions. Therefore, according to the results, the use of K and Zn fertilizers as a foliar application at the beginning of booting reduces the harmful effects of drought stress on the plant, increasing the yield and morphological characteristics of wheat.
Shahryar Kazemi; mahsa rafati alashti; Ghorban Khodabin
Abstract
In order to study the effect of brassinosteroids on yield and physiological characteristics of rapeseed genotypes under late-season drought stress, a factorial split-plot test is conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in the research ...
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In order to study the effect of brassinosteroids on yield and physiological characteristics of rapeseed genotypes under late-season drought stress, a factorial split-plot test is conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj (Mahdasht). Experimental treatments include two levels of brassinosteroid (0 (the control) and 0.1 μmol) and two levels of irrigation (full irrigation (the control) and withholding irrigation from 50% flowering stage) as factorial in the main plots, with rapeseed genotypes (Nafis, Ahmadi, Okapi, Nima, and Niloofar) being considered as subplots. Foliar application of brassinosteroid under both full irrigation and withholding irrigation from the flowering stage increase seed yield, chlorophyll, and relative water content, compared to the control. The highest amount of soluble carbohydrates, leaf proline, and oil percentage have been obtained under drought stress and brassinosteroid application, i.e. 24.8%, 16.5%, and 2.5%, respectively, compared to the control conditions. However, Okapi genotype has had the highest stomatal resistance (24.59 s/cm), the lowest chlorophyll (1.49 μmolg-1FW), and seed yield (1960.5 kg/ha) in the conditions of withholding irrigation. Niloufar genotype has had the lowest stomatal resistance, the highest chlorophyll, oil percentage, and seed yield in both irrigation conditions. In general, in both irrigation treatments, the use of brassinosteroids improve physiological traits of rapeseed.
farzaneh Pimard; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Ali Niazi; Alireza Shahsavar; Mohammad-Reza Nouri-Emamzadei
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of agriculture in many parts of the world, especially Iran. Understanding the mechanism behind drought stress’ effect on physiological and biochemical processes of genotypes is very useful for selecting and breeding genotypes compatible with Iranian ...
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Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of agriculture in many parts of the world, especially Iran. Understanding the mechanism behind drought stress’ effect on physiological and biochemical processes of genotypes is very useful for selecting and breeding genotypes compatible with Iranian conditions. For this purpose, the present study has been conducted in 2018-2019 in the Biotechnology Research Institute of Shiraz University to investigate the effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of both years’ old pomegranate seedlings of Wonderful cultivar in greenhouse conditions. Irrigation has been carried out at four levels of 100% (control), 75%, 55%, and 35% of field capacity for 50 days. The experiment is based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results show that drought stress has significantly increased carotenoids, flavonoids, malondialdehyde, and proline. The relative leaf water content, cell membrane stability and anthocyanins has decreased, though there has been no significant difference in chlorophyll and glycine betaine levels between drought treatments. Also, the hydrogen peroxide (81%) and activity of superoxide dismutase (480%), catalase (96%), and ascorbate peroxidase (96%) in 35% of field capacity significantly has increased. According to the results of this study, especially the increase in proline and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress, tolerance mechanisms in pomegranate cultivar Wonderful can be associated with active osmotic regulation and active enzymatic antioxidant system.
Zhila Nazari; Raouf Seyed sharif; Hamed Narimani; Sara Mohammadi Kale Sarlou
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water limitation, biofertilizers and nanosilicon on compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of triticale, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse faculty of Agriculture and Natural ...
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In order to study the effects of water limitation, biofertilizers and nanosilicon on compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of triticale, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. The experimental factors were included irrigation at three levels (full irrigation as control; irrigation withholding at 50% of heading as moderate water limitation and irrigation withholding at 50% of booting stages as severe water imitation), application of bio fertilizers (no application of bio fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza, both application vermicompost and Mycorrhiza), foliar application of nano silicon (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 nano silicon). The results showed that both application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza and foliar application nano silicon under irrigation withholding in booting stage, increased the activity of catalase, polyphenol oxidase enzymes, proline and soluble sugar content (49.17, 50.64, 44.92 and 52.22% respectively) compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under normal irrigation condition. Also, both application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza and foliar application of nano silicon in normal irrigation condition decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (55.34 and 53.64% respectively) and grain yield increased 59.52% compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under irrigation withholding in booting stage condition. It seems that the application of biofertilizers and nano silicon can increase grain yield triticale under water limitation due to improving the biochemical traits.
Farhad Azizi; Ali Mahrokh; Vida Ghotbi; Farid Golzardi; Seyed Mohammad Ali Mofidian; Mohammad Zamanian; Vahid Rahjoo; Masoud Torabi; Elias Soltani
Abstract
To identify the limiting factors in forage maize production in Iran, this study has been carried out in order to separate the effective and influential management factors in forage maize production in the country with data. It is obtained from 43 final reports or their derived extracted articles in Agricultural ...
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To identify the limiting factors in forage maize production in Iran, this study has been carried out in order to separate the effective and influential management factors in forage maize production in the country with data. It is obtained from 43 final reports or their derived extracted articles in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) with meta-analysis method. According to the results, plant density (5.65%), drought stress (-13.44%), cultivar (0.31%), planting date (2.54%), and nitrogen fertilizer (24%) justify the amount of forage maize variation. Based on the results of this study, forage yield has increased by about 9.49%, increasing plant density between 80 to 100 thousand plants per hectare. Maize forage yield has decreased significantly under mild stress, severe stress, and very severe drought stress by 25.30%, 14.38% and 8.99%, respectively. Also, for different cultivars and different groups of maturity, group-700 has had a significant increase of 3.83% compared to other groups. For the planting dates of forage maize compared to the control, which is the first half of June, a decrease in forage yield is observed. Finally, the highest percentage of increase in maize forage yield has been obtained from the use of 450 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer. Overall, nitrogen fertilizer, drought stress, and planting density are recognized as the most important factors affecting corn forage yield in Iran, respectively.
ahmad zare; aydin khodaeaei; zienab khezrepoor
Abstract
In order to evaluate the response from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to temperature, under abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) three separate experiments was carried out in the laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at University of Khuzestan in four replications in 2018. Treatments ...
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In order to evaluate the response from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to temperature, under abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) three separate experiments was carried out in the laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at University of Khuzestan in four replications in 2018. Treatments included temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C), salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 mM), and drought stress (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1, 1.2, and 1.4 MPa). In response to temperature, chia proved to be capable of germinating in the range of 10 to 40 °C. The base temperature, optimum temperature, and ceiling temperature were predicted to be 6, 28, and 44°C respectively. Germination percentage and germination rate decreased in response to salinity and at salinity of 400 mM, germination was completely inhibited. Salinity reduction of 50% in germination percentage and germination rate obtained at salinity 349 and 236 mM. 50% reduction in germination percentage and germination rate was observed at -0.92 and -0.79 MPa of drought stress. According to x50 parameter, chia is resistant to salinity and drought stresses. In conditions of saline soils and drought stress, it can be recommended for cultivation to farmers.
omid Lotfifar; samaneh Mottaghi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use meta-analysis to combine the results of experiments conducted in Iran on the effect of drought stress due to irrigation cessation at different stages of development, on yield and yield components of canola. The studied traits include grain yield, oil and dry matter, ...
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The purpose of this study is to use meta-analysis to combine the results of experiments conducted in Iran on the effect of drought stress due to irrigation cessation at different stages of development, on yield and yield components of canola. The studied traits include grain yield, oil and dry matter, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and grain oil content. Results show that all traits under the influence of stress at different stages of development are significantly affected by drought stress. Irrigation interruption in different stages on average cuts grain yield by 34.5%, oil yield by 36%, oil content by 4.7%, dry matter by 25.8%, number of pods by 35.4%, seeds per pod ratio by 18.5%, and 1000-seed weight by 17.5%, while raising the proline content by 49.9%. The highest reduction rate in grain and oil yield belongs to the irrigation cut-off treatment, in turn leading to a reduction of 41% and 46% of these two traits, respectively. Also, regarding the yield components, the highest reduction in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight is observed in the cut-off treatments of stem, flowering, and podding, respectively.
Azam Fatemi; payam moaveni; Jahanfar Daneshian; hamid mozaffari; Mehdi Ghaffari
Abstract
The present study attempts to investigate the effect of Magnesium nanoparticle spraying solution on some morphophysiological traits of sunflower under experimental drought conditions. Hence, it conducts an experiment as split split plot in a randomized, completely block design, with three replicates ...
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The present study attempts to investigate the effect of Magnesium nanoparticle spraying solution on some morphophysiological traits of sunflower under experimental drought conditions. Hence, it conducts an experiment as split split plot in a randomized, completely block design, with three replicates at the field of oilseed section of seed and plant Improvement during 2017-2019 growing season. The treatments include drought stress at two levels: normal irrigation and drought stress. The studied sunflower cultivars include Farrokh, Shams, Qasem & Barzegar, and Magnesium nanoparticles application time at Three Levels: no spraying solution, spraying at flowering stage, and grain filling stage. Results show that drought stress reduces the amount of traits such as height, shoot dry weight, number of grains per head, 1000 grain weight, head diameter, grain yield, oil percentage, and oil yield; however, magnesium nanoparticle spraying solution improves the drought stress effect and increases morphological traits. Drought stress increases electrolyte leakage index and decreases relative water content of leaves by 13% and 9%, respectively. However, magnesium nanoparticles decrease the content of electrolyte leakage index by 9% and increase relative leaf water content by 10%. The cultivars’ response to stress levels has not been the same. In general, Barzegar, Shams, Qasem, and Farrokh cultivars show the highest tolerance to drought stress. Also the highest grain yield and oil percentage are related to Barzegar cultivar by 3427.53 kg/h and 43.96%, respectively.
Seyedeh nasrin Hosseini; Jalal Jalilian; esmaeil gholinezhad
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of water deficit stress and stress modifiers on some morphological and physiological characteristics and yield of Quinoa, a pots factorial experiment, based on a completely randomized design, with 16 treatments and 6 iterations has been done during 2019 at Urmia University. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of water deficit stress and stress modifiers on some morphological and physiological characteristics and yield of Quinoa, a pots factorial experiment, based on a completely randomized design, with 16 treatments and 6 iterations has been done during 2019 at Urmia University. The first factor includes water deficit stress at four levels, stress at the vegetative growth stage, stress at the reproductive growth stage, stress at seed filling stage, and no stress (control). The second factor is foliar spraying of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, nano-micronutrient chelate fertilizer, and control (water spray). Water deficit stress at different growth stages decreases plant height, a number of laterals, dry weight, fresh weight of vegetative organs, root volume, fresh, and dry weight of root and root length, compared to the control. However, electrolyte leakage and leaf temperature are increased. Results show that water deficit stress at post-anthesis stage decrease grain yield via decreasing 1000-grain weight. Foliar application of growth regulators by improving yield components, increase the yield of quinoa under water deficit stress condition. Therefore, according to the results, it seems that the use of stress modulators in quinoa under water deficit stress with stimulating growth and metabolism, lead to water deficit stress tolerance.
Ali Mahrokh; Farid Golzardi; Farhad Azizi; seid mohammad ali mofidian; Mohammad Zamanian; Vahid Rahjoo; Masoud Torabi; Elias soltani
Abstract
To identify the limiting factors in grain maize production in Iran, a study has been carried out to particulate effective and influential management factors of this crop’s production in the country. The data come from 95 final reports or extracted articles in Agricultural Research, Education, and ...
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To identify the limiting factors in grain maize production in Iran, a study has been carried out to particulate effective and influential management factors of this crop’s production in the country. The data come from 95 final reports or extracted articles in Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), undergoing meta-analysis. Based on this study, of all grain maize variation, 2.93% is justified by plant density, 6.81% by planting structure, 11.12% by planting rotation, 2.28% by conservation agriculture, 25.28% by drought stress, 4.99% by cultivar, 4.46% by planting date, and 25.84% by nitrogen fertilizer. Accordingly, 100 thousand plants per hectare, zigzag double rows planting structure, maize-leguminous crops planting pattern, cultivating in residue, optimum irrigation without drought stress (in case of water availability), 700 maturity group cultivar (in case of adequate growing season), planting in May and early August in temperate and tropical climate, and using maximum 100-300 kg urea fertilizer per hectare are recommended to decrease yield gap in grain maize production.
Mahdieh Fallah; Hashem Hadi; Reza Amirnia; Abdollah Hasanzadeh Gorttapeh
Abstract
The present experiment has been conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research farm of Urmia for two years (2017-2018) to investigate the effect of green manure residues and fertilizer sources on physiological ...
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The present experiment has been conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research farm of Urmia for two years (2017-2018) to investigate the effect of green manure residues and fertilizer sources on physiological traits, biological yield, and seed oil content of linseed. Experimental factors include green manure in two levels: no green manure and red clover (Trifolium pratense), different sources of fertilizer in four levels: no fertilizer, mycorrhiza, vermicompost and mycorrhiza + vermicompost, both in full irrigation condition and irrigation terminationat the flowering stage. Results of the combined analysis show that the year has a significant effect on chlorophyll a, colonization percentage, grain nitrogen and phosphorus, biological yield, and seed oil. Irrigation termination treatment decreases all traits except proline and soluble carbohydrate contents. Green manure, mycorrhizae, and vermicompost significantly increase the studied traits at both irrigation levels, except for grain nitrogen, not affected by green manure. The application of mycorrhiza+ vermicompost, with or without green manure, is more effective than their individual applications. The dual application results in an increase of 68.98% and 61.34% for biological yield and 11.8% and 4.5% for seed oil, compared to the control in complete irrigation treatment, respectively. In general, green manure, mycorrhiza, and vermicompost can improve the quantitative and qualitative performance of flaxseed in irrigation terminationat the flowering stage.
Mahdi Motakefi; Ahmad Ghanbari; Seyyed Mohsen MoussAvi Nik; Alireza Sirousmehr
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator on growth and yield of rapeseed (Dalgan cultivar) under drought in university of Zabol (Chahnime) during 2017as split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation cut off levels ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator on growth and yield of rapeseed (Dalgan cultivar) under drought in university of Zabol (Chahnime) during 2017as split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation cut off levels based on the phenological growth stages (Sylvester-Bradley encoding system): I1 = control (complete irrigation), I2 = irrigation up to stage the growth rate code is 2.20 (twenty internally identified) and I3 = irrigation to stage the growth rate code is 5.9 (all pods are more than 2 cm long) and subsidiary factor consists of four levels of fertilizer : F1 = control (pure water solution), F2 = Hamoon Green 1 liter at 10 liter + calcium, F3 = Hamoon Green 1 L at 20 liter + calcium, F4 = Hamoon Green 1 liter at 30 liter + Calcium. The results showed that I2 caused a significant decrease in plant height, stem diameter, number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain and biological yield and oil percentage, and also F2 increased the above traits except the percentage of oil. Interaction effects showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoid, selenium and calcium content of grain obtained from I1F2. The highest amount of proline in I2F2 observed. The highest of these traits was obtained from F2. Generally, spraying of the organic growth stimulator can be moderates the harmful effects of drought stress in rapeseed and 27% improved seed yield.
Zohre Ansar; Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi; Serolah Galeshi; Ahmad Gholami; Mahdieh Parsaian
Abstract
This research was carried out to investigate the effect of spraying of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame (Naz cultivar) under drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as split plot factorial in two years as a randomized ...
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This research was carried out to investigate the effect of spraying of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame (Naz cultivar) under drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as split plot factorial in two years as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included two different irrigation regimes (every 15 days) and drought stress (every 25 days), three levels of Origanum vulgare include 0, 40 and 60% and 3 levels of Zatria mutifora include 0, 10 and 20%. Results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced the measured indices compared to control conditions. The results also showed that water stress reduced oil content and increased protein content and activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. It was found that the most measured indices in both control and stress conditions were associated with 60% Origanum vulgare 20% Zatria mutifora essence. The use of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence, under suitable irrigation conditions, increased the seed yield of 27.5% compared to control, whereas it increased 58% under stress conditions. Therefore, it can be stated that under dry conditions, the use of Origanum vulgare Zatria mutifora essence can induce tolerance in the plant in response to drought conditions. Since less cost is needed compared to other methods, therefore, in areas with low water conditions, it is recommended to use the Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence.
hamidreza zekavati; Mahmoud Shoor; Hamid Rouhani; seyyed fazel fazeli kakhki; Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of Trichoderma fungus on some morpho-physiological, flowering and biochemical traits of tuberose flower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in Research ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different levels of Trichoderma fungus on some morpho-physiological, flowering and biochemical traits of tuberose flower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in Research Greenhouses of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016. Drought stress treatments included irrigation at 100, 50 and 25% of field capacity and fungal treatments included three levels of 20, 10 and 0% of fungus. The results showed that drought stress increased the amount of antioxidant, total chlorophyll and proline. In addition to drough stress, had a negative significant effect on fresh and dry weights of root and biomass, relative water content of leaves, floret diameter and number of open floret, but Trichoderma largely moderated these negative effects. The highest amounts of total chlorophyll (1.04 mg/g leaf fresh weight) and relative humidity of leaf water (85.2%) were obtained at 10% level of fungus, which did not show a significant difference from those at 20% level of fungus. In the rest of the traits, the highest levels were found at 20% level of fungus. Since the Trichoderma fungus, besides reducing the effects of drought stress, increases vegetative growth and increases the number of open florets (which is considered as an important factor in the marketability) of tuberose flower, use of it can be suggested as a biological factor in increasing the quality of tuberose flower in similar conditions.
Salman Azimi Sooran; Hossein Amirshekari; Amir Hossein Shirani Rad; Javad Mozaffari; Mohammad Hossein fotokian
Abstract
In order to study the effect of terminal drought stress on agronomic and qualitative traits of canola genotypes in the application of ammonium sulfate condition, an experiment was performed during two years of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. This study was conducted as a factorial split-plot design based on ...
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In order to study the effect of terminal drought stress on agronomic and qualitative traits of canola genotypes in the application of ammonium sulfate condition, an experiment was performed during two years of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. This study was conducted as a factorial split-plot design based on completely randomized block design with three replicates at the research farm of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII). At the pod formation stage, irrigation factors were included two levels, normal and restricted, and at the elongation stage, ammonium sulfate was included two levels of 0 and 150 kg per hectare, as factorial was set in the main plots and cultivars including BAL111, BAL119, BAL121, BAL128, and Nima were set in subplots. The results showed that among the genotypes examined, line BAL128 had the highest grain yield (3904 kg/ha), which increased 28% compared with the control treatment. The highest amount of grain oil (45.53 percent) was obtained in the second year of experiment and under normal irrigation conditions. By application of ammonium sulfate, the amount of oil increased by 2.5 percent in comparison with normal condition. The BAL128 line had the highest percentage of grain oil (44.29%). in normal irrigation condition, the use of ammonium sulfate resulted in decreasing the amount of glucosinolate to 22.88%. However, in restricted irrigation condition, the amount of glucosinolate decreased to 17.25 percent. In the irrigation and fertilizer treatments of this experiment, among the lines studied, The BAL128 line is recommended for similar experimental conditions.
Javad geraili; Mehdi Hadadinejad; Hossein Moradi; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi
Abstract
Non-Chilling Peel Pitting (NCPP) is a physiological post-harvest and storage disorder in the peel of many citrus cultivars fruits. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the steroidal plant hormone, 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 ) and relative humidity in dry storage ...
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Non-Chilling Peel Pitting (NCPP) is a physiological post-harvest and storage disorder in the peel of many citrus cultivars fruits. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the steroidal plant hormone, 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 ) and relative humidity in dry storage (RH =30% and 20) in compare to normal (RH =70% and 6OC), on the shelf life of Thomson-Novel sweet orange. The experiment was performed as factorial arrangement in CRD during 2015 winter for 30 days in three replicates and 10 . Characteristics such as weight loss, NCPP, open stomata, total soluble solids, titrable acid, leakage, Catalase and Malondialdehyde activity were measured in fruits. The results showed that drought stress significantly increased weight loss (9.67%), NCPP (33.3% code) and Catalase activity (0.13682) in fruits skin. The maintenance of fruits in dry environments led to a reduction in the open stomata of skin from 55.3 to 36.1%, which improved via application of 24-epibrassinolide, as well as normal storage (51.1%). According to our results, it can be concluded that 5 mg L-1 24-epibrassinolide concentration consider to its significant effect on reducing weight loss rate, NCPP and Catalase activity in fruits skin.
Majid Esmaeilizadeh; Azam Lotfi; Seyyed Hossein Mirdehghan; Mohammad Hossein Shamshiri
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of irrigation intervals on pigments and biochemical components of four grapevine cultivars (Yaghooti-e-Ghermez, Askari, Sahebi and Keshmeshi-e-Sefid), an experiment was conducted with five irrigation treatments (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days interval) in four replications ...
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In order to investigate the effects of irrigation intervals on pigments and biochemical components of four grapevine cultivars (Yaghooti-e-Ghermez, Askari, Sahebi and Keshmeshi-e-Sefid), an experiment was conducted with five irrigation treatments (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days interval) in four replications in greenhouse in 2012. The results of this experiment showed that irrigation intervals have effected on physiological and biochemical factors of grapevine cultivars. The amount of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in four cultivars were reduced with increasing irrigation intervals, and maximum reduction was observed in 15 days interval irrigation in four cultivars. The maximum and the minimum of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content were observed in ‘Sahebi’ at 6 days interval irrigation and ‘Askari’ at 15 days, respectively. Total soluble sugars, phenolic compounds and proline contents of leaves in all cultivars increased and leaf relative water content decreased with increasing diurnal irrigation. The maximum leaf relative water content and proline was observed in Sahebi cultivar and the minimum value was belonged to Yaghooti-e-Ghermez and Askari cultivars. Based on the results of this study, it seems that Sahebi cultivar had more tolerant in increasing irrigation intervals compared to Yaghooti-e-Ghermez, Askari and Keshmeshi-e-Sefid cultivars.
Arezou Paravar; Saeideh Maleki Farahani; Alireza Rezazadeh
Abstract
In order to effect controlled ageing on parameters germination, membrane peroxidation and antioxidant activity the stressed seeds of Balangu (Lallemantia sp), a four- factor factorial study in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in Laborartory Seed Science and Technology ...
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In order to effect controlled ageing on parameters germination, membrane peroxidation and antioxidant activity the stressed seeds of Balangu (Lallemantia sp), a four- factor factorial study in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in Laborartory Seed Science and Technology Shahed University in 2015. Dragons’ head (Lallemantia iberica) and Lady’s mantle (Lallemantia royleana) were imposed three drought stress level (control, mild and severe) during seed development and the produced seeds were aged at different seed moisture content (5, 15 and 25% for 24 and 48 hours duration). Analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of species, moisture stress during seed development, duration of aging and seed moisture content on germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, membrane peroxidation and catalase activity was significant. It was observed increasing germination percentage and rate germination, mean germination time and catalase activity in the Lady’s mantle stressed seeds and reduced membrane peroxidation and increasing membrane peroxidation and reduced germination percentage and rate germination, mean germination and catalase activity in the Dragons’ head stressed seeds. Impressed Dragons’ head stressed seed from maternal by more aging were affected by negative effect of aging more than stressed seeds of Lady’s mantle from maternal.
Borzo Kazerani; Saied Navabpour; Hossein Sabouri; Seyedeh Sanaz Ramezanpour; Khalil Zaynali Nezhad; Ali Eskandari
Abstract
To determine the best selection indices for facilitating the selection procedure in a reproductive stage of 96 mutant lines (M2) of rice under different moisture conditions, an experiment was carried out in two environments at the research farm of Gonbad Kavous University in 2016 base on randomized complete ...
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To determine the best selection indices for facilitating the selection procedure in a reproductive stage of 96 mutant lines (M2) of rice under different moisture conditions, an experiment was carried out in two environments at the research farm of Gonbad Kavous University in 2016 base on randomized complete block design with three replications. Evaluating the reduction percentage in the average values of traits showed that the most damages as affected by drought stress was due to decreases in numbers of filled grains, numbers of tillers, and 1000-grain weight. Results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that 1000-grain weight, plant height, numbers of filled grains, numbers of days to flowering, flag leaf rolling, numbers of tillers, and panicle length traits were respectively entered into the final multivariate regression model as important traits affecting grain yield under a flooded condition, and 1000-grain weight, numbers of days to flowering, plant height, fertility percentage, panicle length, flag leaf frying, and numbers of tillers were respectively entered under drought stress. Evaluation of direct and indirect effects of studied traits on the grain yield using a path analysis showed that, 1000-grain weight, due to a positive and high direct effect, and numbers of filled grains, due to an indirect effect via 1000-grain weight, can be considered as the most important traits for increasing the grain yield under flooded condition. However, 1000-grain weight and fertility percentage can be introduced as appropriate selection criteria for the grain yield under a drought condition.
Ali Asghar Ghaderi; Barat Ali Fakheri; Nafiseh Mahdi Nezhad
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the growth indexes and physiological traitsof thyme under drought stress, an experiment was conducted in the split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture ...
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In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the growth indexes and physiological traitsof thyme under drought stress, an experiment was conducted in the split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture University of Zabol, Iran. The main factor was drought stress and applied based on the irrigation at 75, 55 and 35% FC and the subplot was foliar application with three levels including distilled water (control), 10 mM and 20 mM ascorbic acid. Main effects of drought stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid were significant (P≤0.01) for all studied traits. The interaction of water stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid was significant only for proline. Applying severe stress compared with control was decreased the total chlorophyll, carotenoid, root and shoot dry weight (29.0, 39.9, 50.5 and 43.0%, respectively), while the leaf proline and the root length were increased (44.2 and 26.6%, respectively). The foliar application of ascorbic acid (20 mM) significantly increased the amounts of photosynthetic pigments, shoot length, root and shoot weight. Simple correlation coefficients of the traits showed a significant and positive relationship between shoot dry weight and other traits, in drought stress and 20 mM foliar application of ascorbic acid conditions. Factor analysis was identified four factors for normal and four factors for severe stress conditions that at overall were explained 98 and 95% of total variation, respectively. In general, it was concluded that photosynthetic pigments and root-related traits would be the important yield related criteria (shoot dry weight), that can be beneficial in the development of thyme with higher performance under stress conditions.
Roqia Adeli; Elias Soltani; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Hossein Ramshini
Abstract
Identification of cultivars with tolerance to water stress has important for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with two factors of 20 genotypes of canola and 5 water potentials of 0, -0.15, -0.3, -0.5, ...
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Identification of cultivars with tolerance to water stress has important for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with two factors of 20 genotypes of canola and 5 water potentials of 0, -0.15, -0.3, -0.5, and -0.8 MPa in 4 replications in Seed Technology Laboratory of College of Aburaihan, during 2015-16. Seed germination of different genotypes was recorded twice in a day for each water potential at 20oC. Thereafter, hydrotime model was fitted to time course germination. Results indicated that Karaj 1 and Opera had the lowest value of base water potential with -1.23 and -1.2 (MPa) and they were the most tolerant genotypes to drought. Genotypes of 203 and Likord had the highest value of base water potential with -0.27 and -0.22 and the most sensitive genotypes to water stress. The lowest hydrotime constant belonged to Zarfam and Talaye with 22.67 and 23.73 MPa-hours and the highest hydrotime constant belonged to 389 and Opera with 50.93 and 48.07 MPa-hours. The base water potential with 95% had the highest broad sense heritability. Using this information it is possible to identify genotypes with higher efficiency and more tolerate to water stress in future breeding programs to breed new genotypes with tolerance to water stress.