Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: Sh.kazemi@pnu.ac.ir

2 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: m.alashti@pnu.ac.ir

3 Corresponding Author, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: G.khodabin@modares.ac.ir

Abstract

In order to study the effect of brassinosteroids on yield and physiological characteristics of rapeseed genotypes under late-season drought stress, a factorial split-plot test is conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj (Mahdasht). Experimental treatments include two levels of brassinosteroid (0 (the control) and 0.1 μmol) and two levels of irrigation (full irrigation (the control) and withholding irrigation from 50% flowering stage) as factorial in the main plots, with rapeseed genotypes (Nafis, Ahmadi, Okapi, Nima, and Niloofar) being considered as subplots. Foliar application of brassinosteroid under both full irrigation and withholding irrigation from the flowering stage increase seed yield, chlorophyll, and relative water content, compared to the control. The highest amount of soluble carbohydrates, leaf proline, and oil percentage have been obtained under drought stress and brassinosteroid application, i.e. 24.8%, 16.5%, and 2.5%, respectively, compared to the control conditions. However, Okapi genotype has had the highest stomatal resistance (24.59 s/cm), the lowest chlorophyll (1.49 μmolg-1FW), and seed yield (1960.5 kg/ha) in the conditions of withholding irrigation. Niloufar genotype has had the lowest stomatal resistance, the highest chlorophyll, oil percentage, and seed yield in both irrigation conditions. In general, in both irrigation treatments, the use of brassinosteroids improve physiological traits of rapeseed.

Keywords

Ahammed, G. J., Gao, C. J., Ogweno, J. O., Zhou, Y. H., Xia, X. J., Mao, W. H., & Yu, J. Q. (2012). Brassinosteroids induce plant tolerance against phenanthrene by enhancing degradation and detoxification in Solanum lycopersicum L. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 80, 28-36.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and Drainage. Fao, Rome, 300(9), D05109.
Anjum, S. A., Ashraf, U., Zohaib, A., Tanveer, M., Naeem, M., Ali, I., & Nazir, U. (2017). Growth and development responses of crop plants under drought stress: A review. Zemdirbyste, 104(3), 267-276.
Anjum, S. A., Tanveer, M., Hussain, S., Tung, S. A., Samad, R. A., Wang, L., & Shahzad, B. (2016). Exogenously applied methyl jasmonate improves the drought tolerance in wheat imposed at early and late developmental stages. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38(1), 25.
Anjum, S. A., Wang, L. C., Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Xue, L. L., & Zou, C. M. (2011). Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 197(3), 177-185.
Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts, polyphenoxidase in beta vulgaris. Plant Hysiology, 24, 1-15.
Assefa, Y., Roozeboom, K., & Stamm, M. (2014). Winter canola yield and survival as a function of environment, genetics, and management. Crop Science, 54(5), 2303-2313.
Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1), 205-207.
Boroujerdnia, M., Bihamta, M., Alami Said, K., & Abdossi, V. (2016). Effect of drought tension on proline content, soluble carbohydrates, electrolytes leakage and relative water content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology. I.A.U. Ahvaz. 8(29), 23-41. (In Persian).
Chen, Z., Wang, Z., Yang, Y., Li, M., & Xu, B. (2018). Abscisic acid and brassinolide combined application synergistically enhances drought tolerance and photosynthesis of tall fescue under water stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 228, 1-9.
El-Khallal, S. M., Hathout, T. A., Ashour, A. A., & Kerrit, A. A. (2009). Brassinolide and salicylic acid induced growth, biochemical activities and productivity of maize plants grown under salt stress. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(4), 380-390.
FAO, (2015). Statistics Division. Accessed March 2015. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/T/TP/E.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., & Basra, S. M. A. (2009). Improving water relations and gas exchange with brassinosteroids in rice under drought stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195(4), 262-269.
Gruszka, D. (2020). Exploring the brassinosteroid signaling in monocots reveals novel components of the pathway and implications for plant breeding. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(1), 354.
Hamada, K. (1986). Brassinolide: some effects for crop cultivations. In Conference Proceedings of International Seminar Plant Growth Regul. Tokyo, Japan, 188-196.
Hamzei, J., & Soltani, J. (2012). Deficit irrigation of rapeseed for water-saving: Effects on biomass accumulation, light interception and radiation use efficiency under different N rates. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 155, 153-160.
Hasan, M. M. U., Ma, F., Prodhan, Z. H., Li, F., Shen, H., Chen, Y., & Wang, X. (2018). Molecular and physio-biochemical characterization of cotton species for assessing drought stress tolerance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(9), 2636.
Heidari, N. (2015). Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis, its parameters and relative water content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Journal of Plant Research, 27(5), 829-839. (In Persian).
Khayat Moghadam, M. S., Gholami, A., Shirani Rad, A. H., BaradaranFiroozabadi, M., & Abbasdokht, H. (2021a). The effect of Potassium silicate and late-season drought stress on the physiological characters of Canola. Journal of Crops Improvement. (In Persian).
Khayat Moghadam, M. S., Shirani Rad, A. H., Baradaran Firoozabadi, M., & Abbasdokht, H. (2021b). The impact of potassium silicate foliar application on some morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of rape genotypes under late seasonal drought stress. Journal of Plant Research. (In Persian).
Khayat Moghadam, M. S., Gholami, A., Shirani Rad, A. H., Baradaran Firoozabadi, M., & Abbasdokht, H. (2021c). Evaluation crop indices of canola spring genotypes in terminal drought stress conditions and foliar application of potassium silicate. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. (In Persian).
Khodabin, G., Lightburn, K., Hashemi, S. M., Moghadam, M. S. K., & Jalilian, A. (2022). Evaluation of nitrate leaching, fatty acids, physiological traits and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus) in response to tillage, irrigation and fertilizer management. Plant and Soil, 1-18.
Khodabin, G., Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Z., Rad, A. H. S., Modarres-Sanavy, S. A. M., Hashemi, S. M., & Bakhshandeh, E. (2021). Effect of late-season drought stress and foliar application of ZnSO4 and MnSO4 on the yield and some oil characteristics of rapeseed cultivars. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21(3), 1904-1916.
Li, B., Zhang, C., Cao, B., Qin, G., Wang, W., & Tian, S. (2012). Brassinolide enhances cold stress tolerance of fruit by regulating plasma membrane proteins and lipids. Amino Acids, 43(6), 2469-2480.
Li, K. R., & Feng, C. H. (2011). Effects of brassinolide on drought resistance of Xanthoceras sorbifolia seedlings under water stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33(4), 1293-1300.
Lima, J. V., & Lobato, A. K. S. (2017). Brassinosteroids improve photosystem II efficiency, gas exchange, antioxidant enzymes and growth of cowpea plants exposed to water deficit. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 23(1), 59-72.
Liu, J., Gao, H., Wang, X., Zheng, Q., Wang, C., Wang, X., & Wang, Q. (2014). Effects of 24‐epibrassinolide on plant growth, osmotic regulation and ion homeostasis of salt‐stressed canola. Plant Biology, 16(2), 440-450.
Mirzaee, M., Moieni, A., & Ghanati, F. (2013). Effect of drought stress on proline and soluble sugar content in canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Iranian Journal of Biology. (In Persian).
Mousavi, E.A., Kalantari, K.M., & Jafari, S.R. (2009). Change of some osmolytes accumulation in water-stressed colza (Brassica napus L.) as affected by 24-epibrassinolide. Iranian Journal of Science Technology, 33, 1-11. (In Persian).
Nasrollahzade Asl, V., Shiri, M.R., Moharramnejad, S., Yusefi, M., & Baghbani Mehmandar, F. (2017). Effect of drought tension on agronomy and biochemical traits of three maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). Crop Physiology Journal, 8(32),45-60. (In Persian).
Qian, B., Jing, Q., Belanger, G., Shang, J., Huffman, T., Liu, J., & Hoogenboom, G. (2018). Simulated canola yield responses to climate change and adaptation in Canada. Journal of Agronomy, 110, 133-146.
Rashidi, F., Majidi, M.M., & Pirboveiry, M. (2017). Response of different species of Brassica to water deficit. International Journal of Plant Production, 11(1), 1-16.
Rashtbari, M., Hossein Ali, A., & Ghorchiani, M. (2020). Effect of vermicompost and municipal solid waste compost on growth and yield of canola under drought stress conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(17), 2215-2222.
Rathnakumar, A.L., & Sujatha, M. (2022). Breeding Major Oilseed Crops: Prospects and Future Research Needs. In Accelerated Plant Breeding, 4, 1-40. Springer, Cham.
Rodriguez, D. D., Philips, D. B. S., Rodriguez-García, R., & Angulo-Sánchez, J. L. (2002). Grain yield and fatty acid composition of sunflower seed for cultivars developed under dryland conditions. Trends in new crops and new uses. American Society for Horticultural Science Press, Alexandria, 139-142.
Sadat Asilan, K. (2016). Effect of water deficit stress on soluble sugars, proline, protein and chlorophyll content in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids. Iran Journal Filed Crop Science, 47,184-175. (In Persian).
Saffari, M., Ahmadi, J., Khosh, K. S. N., & Shobbar, Z. (2014). Influence of brassinosteroied and cytokinin hormones spray on activity and gene expression of catalase and proline in two cultivars of canola under drought stress. Modern Genetics Journal, 9(3), 329-349.
Salehi-Lisar, S. Y., & Bakhshayeshan-Agdam, H. (2016). Drought stress in plants: causes, consequences, and tolerance. In Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, 1, 1-16. Springer, Cham.
Sevanto, S. (2018). Drought impacts on phloem transport. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 43, 76-81.
Sharghi, Y., Rad, A.H.S., Band, A.A., Noormohammadi, G., & Zahedi, H. (2011). Yield and yield components of six canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars affected by planting date and water deficit stress. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(46), 9309-9313.
Sharma, I., Pati, P. K., & Bhardwaj, R. (2011). Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on oxidative stress markers induced by nickel-ion in Raphanus sativus L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33(5), 1723-1735.
Shu, S., Tang, Y., Yuan, Y., Sun, J., Zhong, M., & Guo, S. (2016). The role of 24-epibrassinolide in the regulation of photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of tomato seedlings under a combined low temperature and weak light stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 107, 344-353.
Sidhu, G.P.S., & Bali, A.S. (2022). Plant responses to drought stress: role of brassinosteroids. In Brassinosteroids in Plant Developmental Biology and Stress Tolerance, 201-216. Academic Press.
Talaat, N. B., Shawky, B. T., & Ibrahim, A. S. (2015). Alleviation of drought-induced oxidative stress in maize (Zea mays L.) plants by dual application of 24-epibrassinolide and spermine. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 113, 47-58.
Tanveer, M., Shahzad, B., Sharma, A., & Khan, E. A. (2019). 24-Epibrassinolide application in plants: An implication for improving drought stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 135, 295-303.
Tanveer, M., Shahzad, B., Sharma, A., Biju, S., & Bhardwaj, R. (2018). 24-Epibrassinolide; an active brassinolide and its role in salt stress tolerance in plants: a review. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 130, 69-79.
Vardhini, B. V., Sujatha, E., & Rao, S. S. R. (2011). Studies on the effect of brassinosteroids on the qualitative changes in the storage roots of radish. Asian and Australasian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5(1), 27-30.
Xia, X. J., Wang, Y. J., Zhou, Y. H., Tao, Y., Mao, W. H., Shi, K., ..., & Yu, J. Q. (2009). Reactive oxygen species are involved in brassinosteroid-induced stress tolerance in cucumber. Plant Physiology, 150(2), 801-814.
Yazdandoost Hamedani, M. (2021). Introducing domestic rapeseed cultivars suitable for planting in cold and temperate cold climates of the country, Agricultural Research Education And Extention Organization, ISBN: 978-964-520-842-2
Yue, J., You, Y., Zhang, L., Fu, Z., Wang, J., Zhang, J., & Guy, R. D. (2019). Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide alleviates effects of salt stress on chloroplasts and photosynthesis in Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 38(2), 669-682.
Zafari, M., Ebadi, A., Jahanbakhsh, S., & Sedghi, M. (2020). Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) biochemical properties, yield, and oil content affected by 24-epibrassinosteroid and genotype under drought stress. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68(22), 6040-6047.