Hamidreza Chaghazardi; Mohammad Reza Jahnsuz; Ali Ahmadi; Manouchehr Gorji
Abstract
In order to study of no-tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage systems on some soil physical properties, yield and some traits of wheat and chickpea, experiments were perfumed across two years in Sarpolezahab’s dryland region.Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that different ...
Read More
In order to study of no-tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage systems on some soil physical properties, yield and some traits of wheat and chickpea, experiments were perfumed across two years in Sarpolezahab’s dryland region.Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that different tillage systems had significant effects (P≥0.01) on seed yield, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, organic carbon, economic value and morphologic traits of wheat and chickpea. In the first year, seed yield of wheat in reduced tillage treatment was 8 percent higher than no-tillage treatment and 10 percent higher than conventional tillage treatment while in the second year seed yield of wheat in reduced tillage treatment was 2 percent higher than no-tillage treatment and 14 higher than conventional tillage treatment. Also, seed yield of chickpea in reduced tillage treatment was 8 and 56 percent higher than no-tillage and conventional treatments, respectively and in the second year was 51 and 20 percent higher than no-tillage and conventional treatments, respectively. In general, the results showed that the reduced tillage system was favourable and using of this system in replacement of conventional system could be advised to the farmers of dryland areas of Sarpolezahab region in Kermanshah province.
Mohammad Safari; Masoud Arghavani; Azizolah Kheiri
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the morphological and physiological responses of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty), to water deficit stress and salicylic acid application at Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Zanjan in 2015. After 6 months of planting ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the morphological and physiological responses of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty), to water deficit stress and salicylic acid application at Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Zanjan in 2015. After 6 months of planting transplants into pots, three soil available water levels (40, 70 and 100%) and salicylic acid concentrations (0, 1 and 2 mili Molar) were applied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications for six weeks. Salicylic acid applied through foliar spray weekly. Generally, water deficit reduced root and shoot dry weight and leaf chlorophyll content. Root length, total phenol, proline and electrolyte leakage of leaves were increased by reducing the amount of available water. Salicylic acid application improved negative effects of water deficit in all attributes and its effect was more pronounced in 40% available water treatment. In all available water levels, there was no significant difference between 1 and 2 mili Molar salicylic acid treatments in root dry weight and leaves total phenol whereas in other factors. 2 mili Molar salicylic acid application had better result and plants in this treatment had higher shoot dry weight, proline and chlorophyll content and less electrolyte leakage than 1 mili Molar salicylic acid treatment, suggesting that in order to increase water deficit tolerance of vetiver grass, higher concentration of this plant growth regulator must be evaluated.
Faribi Meighani; mohammadreza karaminejad
Abstract
This study was conducted in the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection in Karaj as strip split plots with three replications. The first factor: tillage and no-tillage, and the second factor: herbicide: Glyphosate 6 L/ha, 2,4-D + MCPA 2L/ha, Glyphosate + 2,4-D + MCPA (6 + 2 L/ha), ...
Read More
This study was conducted in the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection in Karaj as strip split plots with three replications. The first factor: tillage and no-tillage, and the second factor: herbicide: Glyphosate 6 L/ha, 2,4-D + MCPA 2L/ha, Glyphosate + 2,4-D + MCPA (6 + 2 L/ha), Glyphosate 3 L/ha, 2,4-D + MCPA 1 L/ha, Glyphosate + 2,4-D + MCPA (3 + 1 L/ha), and control without herbicide. The number of field bindweed shoot was determined 15, 30 and 45 days after spraying and field bindweed biomass was determined 45 days after spraying. In the second year, sugarbeet was planted and the effect of herbicides was determined on sugarbeet yield. The best treatment for field bindweed density decrease was Glyphosate + 2,4-D + MCPA (6 + 2 L/ha). The same treatment and its split dose as suitable treatments caused the most decrease in field bindweed biomass. There was no significant difference between till and no-till treatments in view of their effect on field bindweed density and biomass. Under effect of no-till treatment, field bindweed biomass showed more decrease and under effect of no-till treatment, sugarbeet yield showed more increase. Overall, The best treatment for field bindweed density and biomass was Glyphosate + 2,4-D + MCPA (6 + 2 L/ha) and after that its split dose.
Salman Azimi Sooran; Hossein Amirshekari; Amir Hossein Shirani Rad; Javad Mozaffari; Mohammad Hossein fotokian
Abstract
In order to study the effect of terminal drought stress on agronomic and qualitative traits of canola genotypes in the application of ammonium sulfate condition, an experiment was performed during two years of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. This study was conducted as a factorial split-plot design based on ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of terminal drought stress on agronomic and qualitative traits of canola genotypes in the application of ammonium sulfate condition, an experiment was performed during two years of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. This study was conducted as a factorial split-plot design based on completely randomized block design with three replicates at the research farm of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII). At the pod formation stage, irrigation factors were included two levels, normal and restricted, and at the elongation stage, ammonium sulfate was included two levels of 0 and 150 kg per hectare, as factorial was set in the main plots and cultivars including BAL111, BAL119, BAL121, BAL128, and Nima were set in subplots. The results showed that among the genotypes examined, line BAL128 had the highest grain yield (3904 kg/ha), which increased 28% compared with the control treatment. The highest amount of grain oil (45.53 percent) was obtained in the second year of experiment and under normal irrigation conditions. By application of ammonium sulfate, the amount of oil increased by 2.5 percent in comparison with normal condition. The BAL128 line had the highest percentage of grain oil (44.29%). in normal irrigation condition, the use of ammonium sulfate resulted in decreasing the amount of glucosinolate to 22.88%. However, in restricted irrigation condition, the amount of glucosinolate decreased to 17.25 percent. In the irrigation and fertilizer treatments of this experiment, among the lines studied, The BAL128 line is recommended for similar experimental conditions.
alireza khodashenas
Abstract
In order to evaluate grain yield of wheat cultivars in two planting dates and determination of proper cultivars for autumn and entezari culture, a study is carried out during two years, between 2015 and 2017 in Torogh research station in Mashhad. Two planting dates of autumn and entezari culture are ...
Read More
In order to evaluate grain yield of wheat cultivars in two planting dates and determination of proper cultivars for autumn and entezari culture, a study is carried out during two years, between 2015 and 2017 in Torogh research station in Mashhad. Two planting dates of autumn and entezari culture are the main plot and 16 genotypes of wheat (14 cultivars and 2 promising lines), including Baran, Rasad, Sardari, Sabalan, Crosssabalan, Rijav, Karim, Koohdasht, Dehdasht, Azar2, Homa, Ohadi, Ghaboos, and Aftab cultivars are the subplot. Results show that significant difference exist between cultivars in terms of agronomic characteristics and grain yield. Flowering date of cultivars differ and no cultivar start flowering in the optimum temperature range for flowering. Cultivars of Karim and Rijav with mean yield of 1430 and 1326 kg/ha, respectively, have had the maximum yield and cultivars of Ohadi and Rasad with mean yield of 893 and 925 kg/ha, respectively, the minimum. The difference between maximum and minimum grain yield is about 60%. Delay in planting leads to delay in pollination in all cultivars; therefore, autumn planting date could be recommended. Also for autumn planting, cultivars of Karim and Rijav can be advised and for entezari planting date only spring cultivars such as Karim and Aftab are recommended.
Fatemeh Ghobadi; Nasser Majnoun Hosseini; Mostafa Oveisi; Gholam Akbari
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of some safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split-split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farms of the University of Tehran, ...
Read More
To investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of some safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split-split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farms of the University of Tehran, Karaj during 2018-2019. Main plots were irrigation (normal irrigation, irrigation until at middle of flowering stage and irrigation until the beginning of seed filling), sub plots were nitrogen (supply of 100 % and 50 % of nitrogen needs) and sub-sub plots were safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Golmehr, Padideh and Parnian). The effect of irrigation, nitrogen, and cultivar factors on number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, and biomass were significant. According to the results, cut-off of irrigation at the beginning of seed filling and middle of flowering stages leads to a reduction of 16.2 % and 68.1 % of seed yield compared to normal irrigation, respectively. Reducing the amount of nitrogen by 50 % compared to 100 % supply decreases seed yield 8.5 % and biomass by 12 %. The triple interaction of irrigation, fertilizer and cultivar was significant in stem diameter and head diameter. The interaction of irrigation and nitrogen levels showed that with decreasing irrigation levels, nitrogen uptake also decreased and reduced the number of seed per head. However, providing 100 % of the nitrogen requirement under drought stress conditions prevents a more severe decline in the number of grains per head.
Parvin Talebi; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Mir Hassan Rasouli Sadaghiani
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the effects of soil and foliar applications of humic acid on the growth and flowering characteristics and nutrient uptake of Rosa chinensis var. minima ‘Baby Masquerade’ as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors: ...
Read More
This research was conducted to study the effects of soil and foliar applications of humic acid on the growth and flowering characteristics and nutrient uptake of Rosa chinensis var. minima ‘Baby Masquerade’ as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors: four concentrations of humic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.l-1) and two application methods (drench and spray) with three replications and two observations in the research greenhouse of Urmia University in 2014-2015. The results indicated a significant effect of humic acid on the growth traits (such as fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem diameter), flowering characteristics (such as the number and diameter of buds and flower diameter) and nutrient uptake of Rosa chinensis var. minima ‘Baby Masquerade’. The results showed that soil application of 2000 mg l-1 humic acid caused to high absorption of nitrogen (8.425 µg/per pot) and iron (8.12476 µg/per pot) in the plant, but the absorption of Zn was not affected by the concentrations of humic acid. High Cu absorption was observed in 1000 mg l-1humic acid (46.342 µg/ pots). The absorption of Mn and K was high in 1000 mg l-1 HA. As a result, application of humic acid in plants caused to enhance some essential elements absorption and plants growth.
Kambiz Kharazmi; Reza Amirnia; Jalal Jalilian; Mehdi Tajbaksh
Abstract
Due to the high requirement of alfalfa to water, research on the role of organic-biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers in adjustment of low irrigation stress is important, thus, this experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural ...
Read More
Due to the high requirement of alfalfa to water, research on the role of organic-biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers in adjustment of low irrigation stress is important, thus, this experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research of Khoy in two years (2015-2016). Experimental treatments included irrigation {irrigation at field capacity (control), irrigation at 80% and 60% field capacity} and various fertilizer resources at six level {Mycorrhiza, Nitroxin, Vermicompost, Chicken manure, NPK chemical fertilizer and treatment without fertilizer consumption (control)}. The results of combined analysis showed that irrigation treatment had a significant effect on forage yield, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, proline, carotenoids, soluble carbohydrates and peroxidase enzyme activity. Regarding the importance of forage production in alfalfa, the results showed that the plant treated with mycorrhiza biofertilizer under full irrigation condition had the similar forage yield as the application of chemical fertilizer, but in both low irrigation conditions, mycorrhiza increase the forage yield by 10.18% in comparison to chemical fertilizer application. Other fertilizer treatments showed different trends in irrigation levels in terms of effect on forage yield, so that under irrigation at 60% field capacity, vermicompost, chicken manure, chemical and control treatments were in a same statistical group. Therefore, considering the disadvantages of using chemical fertilizers, mycorrhiza which has ecological and environmental benefits, can be used in alfalfa cultivation.
Jalal Jalilian
Abstract
To determine the effect of farm slopes on yield and some agronomic traits of wheat under different fertilizer treatments, an experiment was performed as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Piranshahr in 2011-2012. Treatments consisted of farm slope at four ...
Read More
To determine the effect of farm slopes on yield and some agronomic traits of wheat under different fertilizer treatments, an experiment was performed as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Piranshahr in 2011-2012. Treatments consisted of farm slope at four levels: (zero, 3, 6 and 10 %) as the main plots and combination of different fertilizer at five levels: (control, application of biofertiliozer (Nitroxin), manure, chemicals (N and P) and integration of biological, manure and chemical as sub plots. Results showed that the highest (7.67 t/ha) and lowest (3.68 t/ha) seed yield obtained from farm slope 0 and 10%, respectively. In fact, with increasing of the farm slope, the yield components decreased which lead to 52% and 38% reduction in grain yield and total biomass of plants located on a slope of 10 percent than the control plants. Also, the applications of integrated fertilizer treatments had the most effect on morphological traits and yield components of wheat that increased 12.58 and 13.58 percent the seed yield and total biomass compared to the control plants.
Vahid Rahimi; Mehdi Mohebedini; Alireza Ghanbari; Shiva Azizinia; Mehdi Behnamian
Abstract
In order to assessment the relationship between traits affecting yield of garden cress, an experiment was conducted in lattice square design with three replications in Eyvanekey Jihad Farm in 2016. The ANOVA showed that the difference among accessions was significant for all traits. There was a significant ...
Read More
In order to assessment the relationship between traits affecting yield of garden cress, an experiment was conducted in lattice square design with three replications in Eyvanekey Jihad Farm in 2016. The ANOVA showed that the difference among accessions was significant for all traits. There was a significant phenotypic correlation between yield and most of the traits. The highest value of phenotypic correlation was obtained between leaf height and leaf width (0.92). The regression analysis showed that the highest effect on the yield was due to leaf height and numbers of seeds per silique of lateral branches and main axis, as these three traits were about 93% of total yield changes and leaf height was the first trait that entered to the model and explained 91% of the variation. The path analysis of phenotypic correlation showed that the leaf height had the greatest direct effects on the yield (6.81). Leaf length, in addition to the direct effect on yield, through the rest of the traits has a positive indirect impact. In factor analysis, three independent factors explained about 70% of the yield variation. The first factor consists of number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique of lateral branches and main axis has named seed factors. The purpose of this study was detection of phenotype correlation between yield and yield components, estimation of direct and indirect effects of yield components on yield and its part in diversity justification.
Atena Gholipur; Mehdi Ghajar sepanlu; Mohammad ali Bahmaniar
Abstract
In order to study the effect of municipal solid waste application with or without chemical fertilizer on the concentration of heavy metals in soil and rice plant, an experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design in three replications and fourteen treatments in Research Station of Sari ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of municipal solid waste application with or without chemical fertilizer on the concentration of heavy metals in soil and rice plant, an experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design in three replications and fourteen treatments in Research Station of Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University in 2009 and 2010. The treatments included control treatment, chemical fertilizer, 15, 30 and 45 ton/ha municipal solid waste compost and chemical fertilizer at three levels (25, 50 and 75 percent). Results indicated that applying compost for two years showed no significant effect on any of the available heavy metals in soil. However, significant increases were observed for Lead (Pb2+) in root, and Pb2+, Cd2+, Nicle and Cobalt in shoot and Cadmium (Cd2+) in grain. Meanwhile, the highest amount of heavy metals was concentrated in 45 t/ha of municipal solid waste + 75 percent chemical fertilizer treatment. Thus, using municipal solid waste compost, the amount of the heavy metals increased in soil and rice plant but their concentrations were below their toxicity limit.
eshagh pourkarami; Mahdi Dahmardeh; mohammad galavi; issa khmmari
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) on the yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of split plots experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications, ...
Read More
In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) on the yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of split plots experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications, in The research farm of Zabol University was implemented in the crop year of 2013-2014.The experimental treatments include nitrogen fertilizer levels as the main plot (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha-1) and replacement series of intercropping as the sub plot included (pure Roselle, pure peanut, 50% Roselle + 50% peanut, 75% Roselle + 25% peanuts, 75% peanuts + 25% Roselle). Based on the obtained results, different levels of nitrogen and intercropping showed a significant effect on the number of seeds per plant, the number of seeds per seed, the weight of one 1000 seeds, economic yield, biological yield and harvest index. The interaction effect of experimental treatments was significant on economic, biological yield and harvest index. The highest of economic yield of peanuts (5995.33 kg. ha-1) was obtained in sole crop of peanut and consumption of 200 kg. ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that the highest of land equivalent ration was obtained in intercropping of 75% of peanuts plus 25% of Roselle (1.73), which indicated the usefulness of intercropping compared to sole crop planting.
donya behruzi; Marjan Diyanat; Eslam Majidi; mohammad Javad Mirhadi; ali shirkhani
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important factors limiting corn production in the world. On the other hand, the use of renewable resources and inputs such as vermicompost is one of the principles of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation, chemical fertilizers ...
Read More
Drought is one of the most important factors limiting corn production in the world. On the other hand, the use of renewable resources and inputs such as vermicompost is one of the principles of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation, chemical fertilizers and vermicompost an experiment has been performed in the form of split split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for two years (2017 and 2018) in Kermanshah Agricultural Research and Training Center. Irrigation treatment include optimum, 80% and 60% of water requirement. Chemical fertilizer include 100% and 50% recommended and vermicompost include 0, 2, 4,and 6 ton ha-1 arranged as main plots, sub plots, and sub sub plots, respectively. Results show that leaf area index is decreased from 4.51 to 1.6 from normal irrigation to intense drought stress. The highest yield of fresh forage (82.5 ton ha-1) is obtained in optimal irrigation treatment and combined use of 100% chemical fertilizer and 6 ton ha-1 of vermicompost and the lowest rate (30.1 ton ha-1) is related to 60% water requirement and no use of vermicompost chemical fertilizers. At all irrigation tratments, the percentages of forage protein increase with the use of fertilizers and vermicompost, and the highest percentage of forage protein (10.2%) is obtained in complete irrigation treatment and 100% fertilizer application and 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost. Based on the results in irrigation treatment by 60% of water requirement and application of 50% of chemical fertilizer, application of vermicompost at the rate of six tons per hectare, compared to no application, increases fresh forage by 26.26% and protein by 6.9%.
Alireza Hamdami; Hashem Hadi; Amir Rahimi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different periods of weed control and interference on yield and yield components of fenugreek, an experiment was done with two series of treatments including weed control from emergence to the third true leaf, to the sixth true leaf , to the first flowering branch, ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of different periods of weed control and interference on yield and yield components of fenugreek, an experiment was done with two series of treatments including weed control from emergence to the third true leaf, to the sixth true leaf , to the first flowering branch, to the third flowering branch, to flowering, to seed filling and the second series including weed interference up to the third true leaf, up to the sixth true leaf, up to the first flowering branch, up to the third flowering branch, up to the flowering and up to the seed filling at research farm of Urmia university during 2018. The results showed that the interference treatment up to the third true leaf had the lowest weed dry weight. In both series of treatments with increasing the presence period of weeds, a significant decrease was observed in grain yield per plant and per hectare of fenugreek, so that the beginning of the critical period was determined 140 and 158 GDD from plants emergence at two acceptable levels of 5 and 10% reduction of grain yield per hectare, respectively, and the end of the critical period of weed control was established 349 and 282 GDD from the emergence at the two levels of yield reductions, respectively. Therefore, the best time to control weeds was from the third true leaf to flowering and from the four-leaf stage until the appearances of flowers at the levels of 5% and 10% yield reductions, respectively.
Arezoo Dadrasnia; Akbar Forghani; Bijan Moradi; Reza Fifaei
Volume 11, Issue 2 , November 2009, , Pages 41-47
Abstract
Nitrogen foliar spray is one of the most important components in fertilizing programs for citrus in Iran, as it can reduce nitrate leaching. The goal of this research was to determine the most effective concentration of foliar urea application on “Thamson Navel’’ orange trees, for achieving ...
Read More
Nitrogen foliar spray is one of the most important components in fertilizing programs for citrus in Iran, as it can reduce nitrate leaching. The goal of this research was to determine the most effective concentration of foliar urea application on “Thamson Navel’’ orange trees, for achieving the highest yield. Foliar sprays were carried out, in two stages with total concentrations of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2%. The first stage applied in April with concentrations of (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%) and second stage in the end of July with concentrations of (0.15, 0.35 and 0.45%). Results of statistical analysis showed that urea treatment at concentration of 1.2% had significant effect on increasing the mean fruit weight. Also significant increase in mean fruit diameter and total soluble solids to acidity ratio in urea treatment at 0.4% concentration were observed. The results indicated that, there is no significant effect on vitamin C and ratio of fruit length to fruit diameter in urea treatment at concentration of 1.2%. All spray treatments increased fruit set. Finally, urea treatment at concentration of 1.2% had the best effects on more of studied traits.
Saeed Davazdah Emami; Mohammad Reza Jahansooz; Fatemeh Sefidkon; daryoush mazaheri
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, , Pages 41-47
Abstract
In order to compare planting season effect on agronomic of characters and yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) an experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2006-07 in Esfahan province and three planting seasons (spring, summer and autumn) were evaluated. ...
Read More
In order to compare planting season effect on agronomic of characters and yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) an experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2006-07 in Esfahan province and three planting seasons (spring, summer and autumn) were evaluated. Essential oil compositions were obtained by Clevenger and recognized by GC-Mass and GC. According to results, the majority of seedlings were injured in autumn planting date (November) and effect of planting seasons on fresh and dry biological yields and essential oil of foliage were significant. In spring (March) and summer (June), fresh and dry biological yields were 5.4, 1.1 kg/m2 and 3.7, 0.8 kg/m2, respectively. Essential oil quantity was also 10.2 and 5.3 cc/m2, respectively. The most important components in essence were carvon with 58.5 and 52.2% in spring and summer seasons, respectively. Thus, cultivation of dill in spring and summer seasons in order to produce seed, foliage and essential oil was successful.
Faribi Meighani; Ajang Jahedi; Seyed Mohammad Mirvakili; Parviz Shimi; Mohammad Ali Baghestani
Abstract
In order to study of the efficacy of herbicides in weed control of new seeded alfalfa, an experiment was conducted in Hamedan and Yazd cities, Iran during 2009-2010. The treatments were Bentazone (Bazagran) (SL 48%) two, three and four L.ha-1, 2,4-DB (Butress) (EC 42.3%) 2.5, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.5 L.ha-1, ...
Read More
In order to study of the efficacy of herbicides in weed control of new seeded alfalfa, an experiment was conducted in Hamedan and Yazd cities, Iran during 2009-2010. The treatments were Bentazone (Bazagran) (SL 48%) two, three and four L.ha-1, 2,4-DB (Butress) (EC 42.3%) 2.5, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.5 L.ha-1, Imazethapyr (Pursuit) (SL 10%) 0.4, 0.7 and one L/ha and without herbicide control treatment. The herbicides effect on alfalfa biomass and the biomass and density of weeds was studied during three cuttings. In Yazd, 2,4-DB 3.5 L.ha-1 was the best treartment for controlling weeds and increasing alfalfa biomass. 2,4-DB 3.5 and 2.8 L.ha-1 controled the density and biomass of Malva and Lactuca to 100 and 88 percent, respectively. In Hamedan, herbicides treatments had no phytotoxocity on alfalfa. Only Bentazone caused chlorosis in alfalfa that recovered that after one to two weeks. 2,4-DB not only was suitable in control ling broad leaves weeds, but also was successful in field bindweed control. Overall. 2,4-DB seems to be an efficient herbicide
Ali Reza Eyvazi; Rasoul Tajaddin Kokiae
Volume 12, Issue 2 , November 2010, , Pages 51-62
Abstract
Delay in planting and low precipitation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) farming is the problem in Western Azerbaijan province - Iran. In order to evaluate the effects of seed priming an experiment was conducted under laboratory, green house and field conditions in 2006-7. The experiment was arranged ...
Read More
Delay in planting and low precipitation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) farming is the problem in Western Azerbaijan province - Iran. In order to evaluate the effects of seed priming an experiment was conducted under laboratory, green house and field conditions in 2006-7. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in which first factor included of four cultivars (Zarrin, Shahriar, Sardary and Azar) and second factor was including the distilled water, 10% polyethylene glycol (8000), 2.5% KCl, 10% Urea, 4% Micro nutrient, 1000ppm Cycocel (CCC), 20ppm Auxin (IAA) and non priming treatment as control. The maximum water absorbed was for Shahriar with distilled water. IAA and CCC treatments increased seed weight. Analysis of variance showed that the lengths and dry weights of plumule and radical, chlorophyll content, absorbed nitrogen, grain yield and its components, total dry matter and plant height were significantly different (P? 0.05). All of priming treatments had more absorbed nitrogen, grain yield and its components than control. CCC treatment had the highest value of lengths and dry weights for plumule and radical, grain yield, but the lowest value of plant height. In contrast urea had the negative effects for seedling related traits.
Raouf Seyed sharif; Mir Naser Seyyedi; Mohammad Zaefizadeh
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 51-60
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of canola cultivars, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in 2007. Factors were: nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in the ...
Read More
To evaluate the effect of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of canola cultivars, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in 2007. Factors were: nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in the main plots and canola cultivars at three levels (‘Clover’, ‘Opera’ and ‘Okape’) in the sub plots. The results showed that the effects of cultivar and nitrogen levels were significant on grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant, grain 1000 weight, harvest index and plant height. The interaction effects of cultivars in nitrogen levels were significant on grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant and plant height. Means comparison showed that with increasing nitrogen levels, grain yield increasing. Response of canola cultivars was different to grain yield. The highest grain yield (1.18 ton/ha) was obtained in Opera cultivar and the least (0.78 ton/ha) of it was in Okape cultivar. Means comparison showed that the highest grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant and plant height was obtained by the plots which applied 150 kg N/ha with Opera cultivar and the least of it was in Okape cultivar without nitrogen application. However, application of 100 and 150 kg N/ha had similar grain yield in Opera cultivar. Nitrogen use efficiency was significantly as affected by cultivar, nitrogen levels and cultivar × nitrogen levels. Means comparison showed that with increasing of nitrogen, decreased nitrogen use efficiency. Response of canola cultivars was different with nitrogen use efficiency. Maximum nitrogen use efficiency (5.26 kg/kg) was obtained in the plots which 100 kg nitrogen ha-1 with Opera cultivar was used and minimum (2.64 kg/kg) was obtained in the plots which 150 kg nitrogen ha-1 with okape cultivar was used.
Sajad Kordi; Mohammad Eskandari; Ali Fadavi; Mehrshad Barary; Masoud Rafiee; Ali Ashraf Mehrabi
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the physical properties of maize grain in response to different urea fertilization methods (urea foliar spraying and soil application), three harvest times (grain moisture content of 20, 30 and 40 pecent) in four maize hybrids (three foreign hybrids e.g. NS640, ...
Read More
A field experiment was conducted to study the physical properties of maize grain in response to different urea fertilization methods (urea foliar spraying and soil application), three harvest times (grain moisture content of 20, 30 and 40 pecent) in four maize hybrids (three foreign hybrids e.g. NS640, Jeta600 , Konsur580 and one common hybrid, SC704 as control) at Khorram Abad Agricultural Research Station in 2010. The experimental design was a strip split plot based on a complete block design with four replications. The fertilization method was considered as horizontal factor and the vertical factors were hybrid and grain moisture content (harvest time) in a split plot arrangement. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among grain moiusture at harvest time treatments in terms of length, bulk density, real density and specific grain area. The 20% grain moiusture at harvest time was the best based on the physical properties. Also the effect of fertilization methods was significant for grain width and 1000-grain weight. Results showed that the highest grain width (7.81mm) and thousand kernel weight (257.38g) was achieved at urea soil application.. According to the results, Jeta Hybrid showed better physical properties compared to the other hybrids. Because, this hybrid had the highest real density (1.71 g/cm3), porosity (54.23%) and thousand kernel weight (266.57g), indicating higher grain quality.Key words: corn, fertilizer application, hybrid, porosity, real density.
Forough Saydpour; Mohammad Sayyari; Fardin Ghanbari
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the osmotic plant-protecting members that accumulate in response to abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether GB application at various concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 mM) through seed soaking or foliar spray methods would protect cucumber ...
Read More
Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the osmotic plant-protecting members that accumulate in response to abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether GB application at various concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 mM) through seed soaking or foliar spray methods would protect cucumber seedlings, subjected to chilling stress. At two true leave stages, after GB treatment, the seedlings were exposed to chilling six h/day at 3°C for 6 days. Results showed that GB pre-treatment improved growth parameters of seedlings subjected to chilling stress and provided significant protection against chilling stress compared to non-GB-treated seedlings. GB prevented chilling injuries with increasing chlorophyll, proline content and antioxidant activities and decreasing electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. The highest cold tolerance was obtained with 20 and 30 mM GB application and seed soaking method provided better protection compared to foliar spray method.
peyman sharifi; Fatemeh Benakashani; Iraj Allah dadi; Gholam Akbari
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of living mulches on weed control and yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) weeds by living mulch, a factorial split experiment has been conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aburaihan Campus, the University ...
Read More
To evaluate the effect of living mulches on weed control and yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) weeds by living mulch, a factorial split experiment has been conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aburaihan Campus, the University of Tehran in the 2017-2018 crop year. Factors of seedbed planting (stale seedbed and simple), type of living mulch (berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), as well as planting time of living mulch (two weeks before and at the same time of black seed cultivation). The first factor is in the main plots and the combination of the second and third factors, in the subplots. Results show that fenugreek and alfalfa have been more successful in terms of weed control than clover with a 40% reduction in weed density and biomass, compared to the control without either live mulch or weeding. Also, in order to achieve the highest percentage of black cumin yield traits (83.02, 93.44, and 50.50), the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and 1000-seed weight are compared to the control. It is recommended to cultivate fenugreek at the same time as black cumin. In case of alfalfa, pre-sowing is also recommended. Stale seedbed planting system does not play a positive and significant role in weed control and increase in black seed yield traits. It is also better to grow fenugreek at the same time as black seed to get more seed yield in black cumin, but in case of alfalfa, it is better to plant earlier than black seed in the absence of any significant difference among planting times. It seems that alfalfa and fenugreek control weeds by accelerating canopy closure, increasing weed competition with black seed, not interfering negatively with black seed growth, and providing nitrogen to black seed have increased its yield.
Mahmoud Ghasemnejad; Roghayeh Ghorban Ali pour; Javad Fattahi Mohgaddam
Volume 13, Issue 1 , August 2011, , Pages 55-64
Abstract
Harvesting time of kiwifruit can influence quality characteristics. The current research was carried out according to a completely randomized design with three replications at Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan in 2009. Weight loss, flesh firmness, total soluble solid (TSS), titritable ...
Read More
Harvesting time of kiwifruit can influence quality characteristics. The current research was carried out according to a completely randomized design with three replications at Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan in 2009. Weight loss, flesh firmness, total soluble solid (TSS), titritable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of harvested fruit at different times was measured after four months storage at 0.5?C. The results showed that fruit weight loss was significantly increased at the end of storage time when fruits harvested with higher ?brix (more than 6.5). Furthermore, flesh firmness of these fruits was significantly reduced during storage. Delay in harvest was resulted to increase of TSS and TSS/TA. Data showed that total phenols and ascorbic acid increased significantly with delay in harvesting time up to 8.5 and nine °brix, respectively after four months storage at 0.5?C and thereafter declined, however antioxidant capacity was higher when fruits harvested with 6.5 and nine ?brix as compared with other harvesting times. Overall, although delay in harvest might increase antioxidant compounds in kiwifruit but reduced storage quality of fruits.
Davood Afiuni; Amir Houshang Jalali; Reza Khakpour; Leili Safaei; Tohid Najafi-Mirak; Gholamali Akbari
Abstract
In order to assess the impact of different sowing dates on yield and yield components of wheat genotypeswith different growth habits, a two years study (2007-2009) using a split plot in randomized completeblock design with three replications was conducted in Kabootarabad Agricultural Research Station ...
Read More
In order to assess the impact of different sowing dates on yield and yield components of wheat genotypeswith different growth habits, a two years study (2007-2009) using a split plot in randomized completeblock design with three replications was conducted in Kabootarabad Agricultural Research Station ofIsfahan. Three sowing dates of 12 Oct., 1 Nov., and 21 Nov. were main plots and 15 genotypes of wheatwere subplots. The average grain yield in three planting dates was 8495, 9156 and 6749 kg ha-1,respectively. At all planting dates, the maximum and minimum grain yield belonged to spring and wintertypes and the grain yield of winter, facultative and spring groups were 7519, 8267 and 8614 kg ha-1,respectively. At 1 Nov. five spring genotypes M-81-13, Bahar, Pishtaz, Kavir and Marvdasht andfacultative cultivar Alvand produced the highest grain yield by an average of 10433, 10146, 10040, 9843,9822 and 9813 kg/ha and therefore can be recommended for planting in temperate regions of theprovince. Spikes per m2 and grain weight were the most important yield components that were reduced inresponse to late planting. Based on the results, 1 Nov. can be recommended as the best planting date forthe region.
Mohammad Moradi Telavat; Zohreh Kazemi; Seyyed Ataollah Siadat
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to study the yield and physiological responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to boron application and high temperature stress due to late planting, in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan at 2013-2014. The experimental design was a split ...
Read More
A field experiment was carried out to study the yield and physiological responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to boron application and high temperature stress due to late planting, in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan at 2013-2014. The experimental design was a split plots design in RCBD with four replications. Planting dates (18 November, 3 December, 17 December and 30 December) were placed in main plots and boron application treatments (control, 10 kg B.ha-1 incorporated with soil, boron spraying at 8 leaf stage and budding stages) were placed in sub plots. Planting date had significant effect on relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability, peroxidase enzyme activity, leaf area index (LAI), canopy’s temperature, grain yield and dry matter. In addition, boron application had significant effect on LAI, peroxidase enzyme activity and yield. Late planting caused to decrease the grain yield and dry matter related to increased canopy’s temperature at flowering stages. Delayed planting from 18 November to 30 December, result in decreased grain yield about 60.5 percent. Boron application incorporated with soil caused to increased grain yield about 23 percent in comparison to control. High temperature stress due to late planting caused to decreased RWC, cell membrane stability and LAI in flowering stage. Generally, highest grain yield (4579.7 kg.ha-1) was obtained from planting at 18 November and 10 kg boron.ha-1 incorporated with soil, and lowest grain yield was obtained from planting at 30 December and without boron application.