Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj - Iran

2 Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj - Iran

3 Associate Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj - Iran

Abstract

In order to study of no-tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage systems on some soil physical properties, yield and some traits of wheat and chickpea, experiments were perfumed across two years in Sarpolezahab’s dryland region.Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that different tillage systems had significant effects (P≥0.01) on seed yield, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, organic carbon, economic value and morphologic traits of wheat and chickpea. In the first year, seed yield of wheat in reduced tillage treatment was 8 percent higher than no-tillage treatment and 10 percent higher than conventional tillage treatment while in the second year seed yield of wheat in reduced tillage treatment was 2 percent higher than no-tillage treatment and 14 higher than conventional tillage treatment.  Also, seed yield of chickpea in reduced tillage treatment was 8 and 56 percent higher than no-tillage and conventional treatments, respectively and in the second year was 51 and 20 percent higher than no-tillage and conventional treatments, respectively. In general, the results showed that the reduced tillage system was favourable and using of this system in replacement of conventional system could be advised to the farmers of dryland areas of Sarpolezahab region in Kermanshah province.

Keywords

1 . اسکندری ا (1377) گزارش نهایی بررسی اثرات روشهای متداول و روش کاشت مستقیم بر روی عملکرد نخود در شرایط دیم. انتشارات مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم. نشریه شماره 448/77.
2 . امام ی، خردنام م، بحرانی م ج، آساد م ت، غدیری ح (1379) تأثیر نحوه مدیریت بقایای گیاهی بر عملکرد دانـه و اجزای آن در کشت مداوم گندم آبی. علوم کشاورزی ایران. (4)31: 839 -851.
3 . رحیم‌زاده ر (1384) اثر عملیات زراعی صحیح و مکانیزه بر عملکرد نخود در شرایط دیم. مقالات اوّلین همایش ملّی حبوبات. 29 و30 آبان 1384. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
4 . رحیم‌زاده ر، شریفی مالواجردی ا و جوادی ا (1388) اثر روش خاکورزی بر عملکرد نخود در شرایط دیم مناطق سرد. تحقیقات مهندسی کشاورزی. (3)10: 68 -57.
5 . عادل ا ت ت (1388) خاکورزی در بوم نظام‌های زراعی (ترجمه کوچکی، ع. ر. برومند رضازاده، ز). انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. مشهد، ایران.
6 . فوت ه د (1386) مبانی خاکشناسی هنری (ترجمه محمودی، ش.). مؤسسه انتشارات و چاپ دانشگاه تهران. تهران، ایران.
 
7 . Al-Kaisi M and Yin X (2005) Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon and carbon dioxide emission in corn–soybean rotations. Journal of Environmental Quality. 34: 437–445.
8. Alvarez R and Steinbach HS (2009) A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research. 104: 1–15.
9 . Arnon I (2012) Agriculture in Dry Lands: Principles and Practice. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam,  The Netherland. Pp 992.
10 . Barzegar AR, Hashemi AM, Herbert SJ and Asoodar M (2004) Interactive effects of tillage system and soil water content aggregate size distribution for seedbed preparation in Fluvisols southwest Iran. Soil and Tillage Research. 78: 45-52.
11 . De Vita P, Di Paolo E, Fecondo G, Di Fonzo N and Pisante M (2007) No-tillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research. 92: 69-78.
12 . Durutan N, Meyveci K, Karaca M, Avci M and Eyuboglu H (1990) Annual cropping under dryland in Turkey. In The role of legumes in farming systems of Mediterranean areas. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
13 . Epplin FM and Alsakkaf GA (1995) Risk-efficient tillage systems and program participation strategies for land subject to conservation compliance. Review of Agricultural Economics. Oklahoma State University. Stillwater. Oklohoma. USA.
14 . FAOSTAT (2013) FAOSTAT data of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org/.
15 . Felton WL, Marcellos H and Herridge DF (1998) Crop rotations increase productivity in no-tillage systems in northern New South Wales. In ‘Proceedings of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference’.Wagga Wagga, NSW. Pp. 849-851.
16 . Halvorson AD, Blak AL, Krupinsky JM and Merril SD (1999) Dryland winter wheat response to tillage and nitrogen within an annual cropping system. Agronomy Journal. 91: 702-707.
17 . Hemmat A and Eskandari I (2004a) Tillage system effects upon productivity of a dryland winter wheat–chickpea rotation in the northwest region of Iran. Soil and Tillage Research. 78: 69-81.
18 . Hemmat A and Eskandari I (2004b) Conservation tillage practices for winter wheat–fallow farming on a clay loam soil (Calcisols) under temperate continental climate of northwestern Iran. Field Crops Research. 89: 123-133.
19 . Hemmat A and Eskandari I (2006) Dryland winter wheat response to conservation tillage in a continuous cropping system in northwestern Iran. Soil and Tillage Research. 86: 99-109.
20 . Izaurralde RC, McGill WB, Robertson JA, Juma NG and Thurston JJ (2001) Carbon balance of the Breton classical plots over half a century. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 65: 431-441.
21 . Jin H, Li H, Rasaily RG, Qingjiea W, Cai G, Su Y, Qiao X and Liu L (2011) Soil properties and crop yields after 11 years of no tillage farming in wheat–maize cropping system in North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research. 113: 48-54.
22 . Kyei-Boahen S and Zhang L (2006) Early-maturing soybean in a wheat–soybean double-crop system. Agronomy Journal. 98: 295-301.
23 . Licht MA and Al-Kaisi M (2005) Strip-tillage effect on seedbed soil temperature and other soil physical properties Soil and Tillage Research. 80: 233-249.
24 . Lopez MV, Arrue JL, Fuentes JA and Moret D (2005) Dynamics of surface barley residues during fallow as affected by tillage and decomposition in semiarid Aragon (NE Spain). European Journal of Agronomy. 23: 26-36.
25 . Lopez–Bellide L, Lopez-Bellido RJ, Castillo JE and Lopez-Bellido FJ (2005) Effect of tillage, crop rotation, and nitrogen fertilization on wheat under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Agronomy Journal. 92: 1054-1063.
26 . Lopez-Bellido L, Fuentes M, Castillo JE and Fernandez EJ (1996) Longterm tillage, crop rotation, and nitrogen fertilizer effects on wheat yield under rained Mediterranean condition. Agronomy Journal. 88: 783-791.
27 . Lopez-Bellido L, Fuentes M, Castillo JE and Lopez-Garrido FJ (1998) Effects of tillage, crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization on wheat-grain quality grown under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research. 57: 265-276.
28 . Marbet R (2000) Differential response of wheat to tillage management systems in a semi-arid area of morocco. Field Crops Research. 66: 165-174.
29 . Mejahed EI and Sander KDH (1998) Rotation, tillage and fertilizer effects on wheat-based rainfed crop rotation in semiarid Morocco. Proceeding of 3rd European Conference on Grain Legumes. Opportunities for high quality, healthy and added-value crops to meet European demands. Valladolid, Spain. Pp. 442-454.
30 . Munoz-Romero V, López-Bellido L and López-Bellido RJ (2012) The effects of the tillage system on chickpea root growth. Field Crops Research. 128: 76-81.
31 . Pala M, Harris HC, Ryan J, Makboul R and Dozom S (2000) Tillage systems and stubble management in a Mediterranean-type environment in relation to crop yield and soil moisture. Experimental Agriculture. 36: 223-242.
32 . SAS Institute Inc. (2004) SAS1 9.1. Qualification Tools User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
33 . Sharma P, Abrol V and Sharma RK (2011) Impact of tillage and mulch management on economics, energy requirement and crop performance in maize–wheat rotation in rainfed subhumid inceptisols, India. European Journal of Agronomy. 34: 46-51.
34 . Tarkalson DD, Hergertb GW and Cassman KG (2006) Long-term effects of tillage on soil chemical properties and grain yields of a dryland winter wheat sorghum, corn-fallow rotation in the greatplains. Agronomy Journal. 98: 26-33.
35 . Triplett GB and Dick WA (2008) No-tillage crop production: a revolution in agriculture. Agronomy Journal. 100: 153-165.
36 . Walkley A and Black IA (1934) An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining organic carbon in soils: Effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Science. 63: 251-263.