Mohsen Seilsepour
Abstract
In order to determine the critical nitrogen concentration of canola leaf and studying the correlation of yield and yield components of this plant with leaf nitrogen concentration, 35 farms were managed in the same way of Varamin plain and in the dominant soil serie (Varamin), were selected during 2016. ...
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In order to determine the critical nitrogen concentration of canola leaf and studying the correlation of yield and yield components of this plant with leaf nitrogen concentration, 35 farms were managed in the same way of Varamin plain and in the dominant soil serie (Varamin), were selected during 2016. Leaf samples were pick up from these farms at flowering stage and were prepared for analysis. In harvest season, all 35 fields were harvested and the mean grain yield was determined. The critical nitrogen concentration in dry leaves was determined at 3% by using Kate and Nelson's graphical method, for 90% relative yield. There was a significant correlation between the content of canola leaf nitrogen as independent variable (X) with other traits, including grain yield and yield components as dependent variables (Y) at the 35 studied farms. The results of the studies showed that canola seed yield was affected by leaf nitrogen content. The content of nitrogen in canola leaves was significantly correlated with grain yield. This correlation was followed by a quadratic function with a coefficient of explanation of 0.97. Relative yield of canola seed increased only to 4.36% nitrogen concentration of leaves, and since then, the increase in leaf nitrogen did not affect grain yield.
Amir hooshang Jalali; Ahmad Mousapour Gorji
Abstract
The phenomenon of reduced potato yield have increased in recent years under adverse conditions, such as water stress. The effects of water stress on yield and yield component of three potato cultivars have been evaluated in this study during 2019 growing season. This investigation has been arranged as ...
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The phenomenon of reduced potato yield have increased in recent years under adverse conditions, such as water stress. The effects of water stress on yield and yield component of three potato cultivars have been evaluated in this study during 2019 growing season. This investigation has been arranged as split-plot experiment, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Rozveh Agricultural Research Station (Chadegan, Isfahan, Iran). The main-plots are assigned to irrigation levels (75% and 100% field capacity) and sub-plots to potato cultivars (Marfona, Agria, and Atousa). To ensure the initial establishment of the plant and prevent severe crop failure, one additional irrigation has been performed at the establishment stage, with two supplementary irrigations performed at the tuber initiation stage for all plots. There has been a significant interaction between irrigation level and cultivars for tuber yields (α<%1) as well as other traits (α<%5). In water stress conditions, yield and water use efficiency of Atousa, new cultivar, are more than the other cultivars. Marketable yield of Atousa cultivar is about 40% higher than Marfona and Agria cultivars. The new cultivar produces 6.53 kg of tubers per cubic meter of water, while water use efficiency for Marfona and Agria is only 4.82 and 5.02 kg m-3, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that Atusa cultivar in both water stress and in normal conditions is more suitable for cultivation in the study area than in Marfona and Agria cultivars.
somayeh karami; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Faezeh Ghanati; MEHRDAD Moradi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and zinc foliar application on yield, seed quality, seed vigor and zinc content of different organs of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design arrangement as a split factorial with three replications. Main ...
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In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and zinc foliar application on yield, seed quality, seed vigor and zinc content of different organs of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design arrangement as a split factorial with three replications. Main factor was three levels of drought stress (non stress, water stress in vegetative growth stage (S1) and water stress in flowering stage (S2)) and subordinate factor was combination of foliar zinc application and cultivar. Foliar zinc application in three levels (non foliar application, water foliar application and zinc sulfate (5000 ppm)) foliar application and two cultivars (‘L17’ and ‘Clarck 63’) were used in this experiment. Results showed that traits were affected by treatments. Water deficit stress in both vegetative and reproductive stages caused to decrease the yield, zinc content of organs, seed protein and oil percentage and seed vigor, but hard seed percentage were increased to 189 and 472 in S1 and S2, respectively. ‘Clark 63’ was desirable under water deficit stress. The highest yield reduction was observed for stress treatment at the reproductive growth stage. Zinc sulfate foliar application increased the yield, zinc content of seed, seed protein percentage and seedling vigor 34, 26, five and 38 percent, respectively, but decreased seed oil percentage and hard seed percentage four and 58, respectively. Zinc foliar application was more effective in yield increment of ‘L17’ than ‘Clarck 63’.
Ali Ehsani pour; Hamid Abbasdokht; Manoochehr Gholipoor; Alireza Abdali Mashhadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the water productivity, stem height and diameter, root dry weight, brix percentage of sugarcane, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and four replications during 2016-17 at two locations in Ahwaz. The treatments were: sole sugarcane, ...
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In order to evaluate the water productivity, stem height and diameter, root dry weight, brix percentage of sugarcane, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and four replications during 2016-17 at two locations in Ahwaz. The treatments were: sole sugarcane, sole soybean, sole cowpea, sole soybean+ rhizobium, sole cowpea+rhizobium, sole sugarcane+mycorrhizal, intercropping sugarcane with cowpea, intercropping sugarcane with soybean, intercropping sugarcane with cowpea+rhizobium, intercropping sugarcane with soybean + rhizobium, intercropping sugarcane+mycorrhizal and cowpea, intercropping sugarcane+mycorrhizal and soybean, intercropping sugarcane+mycorrhizal and soybean+rhizobium and intercropping sugarcane + mycorrhizal and cowpea +rhizobium. The results showed that the highest water productivity, the highest sugarcane stem height, the largest diameter in the middle of the stem and at the bottom of the stem, the highest dry weight roots and the highest brix percentage of sugarcane stem extract were related to intercropped sugarcane + mycorrhizal and cowpea+ rhizobium treatment. which was 31.61, 16.14, 32.42, 28.35, 8.89, and 8.31% higher than sole sugarcane. Mycorrhizal symbiosis was positive in sugarcane, and when mycorrhizal fungi and cowpea were present simultaneously in a treatment, their synergistic effect on the evaluated traits were positive.
Sajjad Fattahi; Mehdi Saidi; Mohammad Javad Zarea
Abstract
In order to evaluate morphological and physiological responses of lettuce plants inoculated/ non-inoculated with Piriformospora indica under salinity stress, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out under greenhouse condition. The ...
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In order to evaluate morphological and physiological responses of lettuce plants inoculated/ non-inoculated with Piriformospora indica under salinity stress, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out under greenhouse condition. The main factor was consisted of inoculated or non-inoculated seeds with the fungus and the sub-factor included three levels of irrigation water salinity (tap water with EC=0.8 dS/m as control and saline water with ECs of 4 and 8 dS/m). Salinity stress significantly decreased most of growth parameters and P. indica declined the adverse effects of salinity. An increase in fresh foliage weight and leaf area observed for plants inoculated with P. indica. These plants showed less leaf damage symptoms under stress condition. Inoculation by the fungus significantly increased the volume and the length of root in comparison with control plants. Inoculated plants contained higher concentration of proline, photosynthetic pigments and catalase enzyme activity in their leaves rather than control plants. The lowest ionic leakage was observed in P. indica-inoculated plants at EC=4 dS/m. The results revealed the usefulness of P. indica fungus in production of lettuce under salinity stress up to 4 dS/m. But inoculation with the fungus did not lead to desirable results at 8 dS/m.
Hamed Narimani; Raouf Seyed sharif; fatemeh aghaei
Abstract
In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment has been conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of ...
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In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment has been conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018-2019. Experimental factors include soil salinity levels [control and salinity of 30, 60, and 90 mM] and four methods of zinc application [no zinc as control, soil application zinc as ZnSO4, foliar application nano zinc oxide, and combination of soil and foliar application of zinc]. Results show that both application of ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under 90 mM soil salinity condition increase the catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity, anthocyanin, proline, and soluble sugars content by 20.24%, 17.68%, 13.16%, 32.88%, and 14.08%, respectively, in comparison with no application of zinc under 90 mM soil salinity condition. Also, both soil application of ZnSo4 and foliar application of nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition decrease hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in comparison with no application of Zinc under 90 mM soil salinity. Both soil application ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition has had the highest grain weight (1.016 g per plant), compared to the application of this treatment combination at other salinity levels. It seems that both application of ZnSo4 and nano Zn oxide can increase weight yield of wheat under salinity condition due to their ability in improving biochemical traits.
Fereshteh Kamiab
Abstract
In this research, the effect of putrescine, spermine and spermidine on the vase life of cut red carnation (Red Corsa) and some physiological traits was investigated in horticultural laboratory of Azad University branch Rafsanjan in 2015. Therefore, an experiment based on completely randomized design ...
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In this research, the effect of putrescine, spermine and spermidine on the vase life of cut red carnation (Red Corsa) and some physiological traits was investigated in horticultural laboratory of Azad University branch Rafsanjan in 2015. Therefore, an experiment based on completely randomized design with tree levels of 1, 2 and 3mM of putrescine and 0.5, 1 and 2mM of spermidine and 1, 2 and 3mM of spermine with 3 replications was performed. The recorded traits included vase life and morphological and physiological factors. The results indicated that all of the treatments increased vase life significantly compared to control treatment. On the other hand polyamines decreased ethylene production. Spermidineof 2 mM caused the highest vase life and the lowest ethylene production. All of the treatments especially 2 mM of Spermidine increased flower diameter and solution uptake content significantly compared to control treatment and 2 Mm of spermidine have been the most effective treatment. 1 and 2 mM of spermidine were only treatments that don’t reduce dry matter percentage significantly in the flowers. 2 mM of Spermidine caused the maximum amount of physiological traits as protein, chlorophyll and total soluble solids in the leaves of flowers. Therefore, 2 mM of Spermidine is suggested as the best treatment to increase postharvest life in Carnation cv. Red Corsa.
Ozra-sadat Khatamain; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Batool Mahdavi; Seyed Ali Alaviasl; Younes Sharghi
Abstract
To study the effects of chitosan at 0.5 (C1), 0.1 (C2), 0.05 (C3) and 0.01 (C4) (weight percent) concentrations, distilled water (C5) and one percent acetic acid (C6) as controls on physiological and morphological characteristics of two landrace and modified (SZK-1) dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica ...
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To study the effects of chitosan at 0.5 (C1), 0.1 (C2), 0.05 (C3) and 0.01 (C4) (weight percent) concentrations, distilled water (C5) and one percent acetic acid (C6) as controls on physiological and morphological characteristics of two landrace and modified (SZK-1) dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) varieties, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design in germinator of the Agronomy Department, Tarbiat Modares University. Results showed that, the interactions of treatments had significant effects on radicle length, plumule dry weigh, protein content and SOD activity. C2V2 and C6V1 produced the highest and the lowest of radicle length with 1.52 mm difference respectively. Also C2 increased the protein content of landrace variety in compare to C5. High concentrations of chitosan (C1 and C2) increased the SOD activity of modified variety compare to C5. Therefore chitosan can increase some germination characteristics of dragonhead varieties and improved bred varieties showed a better response to this organic compound.
Ebrahim Morshedi; MOHAMMAD HOOSAIN GHARINEH; Ahmad Kochekzadeh; Abdol Mehdi Bakhshandeh
Abstract
An experiment is conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment is factorial ...
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An experiment is conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment is factorial according to randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Three cultivars (namely, Behrokh, Grace, and Sararoud1 as first and seed inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria) and Fertilizer at eight levels (including the control, complete fertilizer (Field recommendation), Pseudomonas bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria, Pseudomonas bacteria + half fertilizer, Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer and combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer) are considered second factor. The results show that all the studied traits (with the exception of malting efficiency) addition main effect, are significantly affected by year interaction in cultivar in fertilizer treatment, but malting efficiency is influenced by interaction cultivar in fertilizer treatments. Heights number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m-2, and grain yield are recorded by a combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under garis cultivar with means 31, 390 and 5294 kg/h in 2018 and 35, 400 and 6222 kg/h respectively. Maximum malting efficiency (95.5 %) has also been observed in the combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under Behrokh.
Hamideh Igdari; Ebrahim Ganji Mogadam; Ahmad Asgarzadeh
Abstract
Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica L.) and Thuja (Thuja orientalis L.) are very important evergreen and mainly used as ornamental trees. This study was carried out in two independent experiments with the main purpose of evaluating of freezing tolerance of Arizona Cypress and Thuja with eight levels ...
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Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica L.) and Thuja (Thuja orientalis L.) are very important evergreen and mainly used as ornamental trees. This study was carried out in two independent experiments with the main purpose of evaluating of freezing tolerance of Arizona Cypress and Thuja with eight levels of temperatures (control, -10, -15, -20, -25, -30, -35, -40℃) in a completely randomized design. Proline, Electrolyte leakages, Soluble carbohydrate and Re-growth were measured. Result showed that, in both species Proline and Electrolyte leakages increased. Re-growth percentage decreased dramaticaly in both species with lowering temperature level. so that any Re-growth was observed for Thuja and Arizona Cypress in the -30 and -20℃, respectively. Interactions between Soluble carbohydrate and temperature were not significant for Thuja but decreased significantly (P>0.01) in Arizona Cypress. There was a negative significant correlation between Re-growth, in Thuja (-0.895ôô) and Arizona Cypress (-0.646ôô) with temperature. According to the results, Arizona Cypress was more susceptible to freezing compared to Thuja.
tayebe rostami; Saeideh Maleki Farahani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and surfactant on forage characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) under deficit irrigation condition, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication at the Research Farm of Agricultural College, ...
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In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and surfactant on forage characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) under deficit irrigation condition, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication at the Research Farm of Agricultural College, Shahed University, Iran in 2016. The experimental treatments included irrigation at three levels of 30, 60 and 90 percent available soil water depilation as a main factor and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum, G. intraradices and G. mossea) at two levels (inoculation and no inoculation with mycorrhizal) and treatment of surfactant solution containing two levels (Application of surfactant and non-use of surfactant solution) as sub factors. Results showed that with increasing depletion of available soil water, application of mycorrhizal fungi increased crude protein percentage (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), increased by 39.24, 30.64 and 39 percent respectively. Application of surfactant on percentage NDF was not significant. As deficit irrigation stress increased, dry weight of forage decreased and highest dry weight of forage (400 gr/plant) was observed under normal irrigation conditions and application of surfactant and mycorrhiza. The results also showed that by increasing the amount of available water discharge, application of surfactant and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increased water use efficiency 97 percent in compare to control.
Mojtaba Khazaie; Alireza Taab
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) as an undersown cover crop on weed control in winter oilseed rape. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Nahavand region (km: 35) of Iran during ...
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A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) as an undersown cover crop on weed control in winter oilseed rape. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Nahavand region (km: 35) of Iran during 2017-2018. The treatments were included oilseed rape with four levels of Persian clover density (25, 50, 75 and 100 percentages of the optimum sowing rate) and two levels of weed management (weedy and weed-free). The results showed that the undresown Persian clover has a significant effect on reducing the density and aboveground dry weight of the weeds compared to the control. Oilseed rape + 25, 50, 75 and 100 percentages of Persian clover sowing rate, respectively, caused 63, 66, 80 and 91 percent reduction in weed density. The same treatments also caused 35, 51, 58 and 75 percent reduction in weed aboveground dry weight, respectively. Oilseed rape yield undersown with Persian clover was lower than oilseed rape in weed free treatment. However, oilseed rape yield in oilseed rape +75 and 100 percentages of Persian clover sowing rate was higher than oilseed rape weed infested treatment. The percentages of oil seed content in oilseed rape in all treatments undersown with Persian clover was equal to oilseed rape weed free treatment and higher than oilseed rape weed infested treatment. The land equivalent ratio in oilseed rape +75 and 100 percentages of Persian clover sowing rate was 0.92 and 1.09, respectively.
Maryam Niazi Ardekani; Vahid Barati; Hamid reza Boostani; Ehsan Bijanzadeh
Abstract
This study was perform at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University in 2017 - 2018 growing season. A split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was carried out. Treatments included: two levels of irrigation ...
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This study was perform at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University in 2017 - 2018 growing season. A split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was carried out. Treatments included: two levels of irrigation as the main plots [normal irrigation (IRN): irrigation based on the plant's water requirement up to the physiological maturity and another factor was water stress (IRDI): irrigation based on the plant's water requirement up to the anthesis stage (cutting of irrigation after anthesis)]. Also, sub plots were two levels of wheat residues [1. without residue, 2. returning 30% of wheat residue to soil] and four fertilizer sources [N0, no nitrogen fertilizer (control); N100, 100 kg N ha-1; Bio + N50, Biofertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense) + 50 kg N ha-1 and Bio, Biofertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense)]. The results showed that the cut of irrigation after anthesis significantly decreased the micronutrients uptake of shoot and grain in barley. All fertilizer sources increased the uptake of micronutrients especially in normal irrigation conditions. Among the N sources, the Bio + N50 treatment was more effective in micronutrients uptake. Also, the highest grain yield in the normal irrigation and water stress condition was obtained in Bio + N50.
Seyed Hamidreza Ramazani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of intercropping on some morphological, yield, and yield components traits of different Triticale cultivars, an experiment has been conducted, based on a randomized complete block design in three replication during the 2018-2019 growing season in the research farms of ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of intercropping on some morphological, yield, and yield components traits of different Triticale cultivars, an experiment has been conducted, based on a randomized complete block design in three replication during the 2018-2019 growing season in the research farms of Faculty of Agriculture of Sarayan. The experimental treatments are consisted of 12 patterns of monocrop and intercropping of Pajh, Sanabad, and Jualinoo cultivars (100% Pajh, 100% Jualinoo, 100% Sanabad, 50% Pajh + 50% Sanabad, 50% Jualinoo+50% Jualinoo, 33% Pajh+ 33% Jualinoo+33% sanabad, 70% Pajh + 30% Sanabad, 30% Pajh + 70% Sanabad, 70% Jualinoo+30% Sanabad, 30% Jualinoo+70% Sanabad, 70% Pajh + 30% Jualinoo, and 30% Pajh + 70% Jualinoo). Results show that the highest plant height and straw yield have been obtained under the monocropping of Sanabad cultivar with the highest values of spike length, number of grain per spike, number of spike per square meter, number of grain per plant, 1000 grains weight, grain yield, and harvest index belonging to the monocrop pattern of Pajh cultivar and intercropping of 70% Pajh+ 30% Jualinoo treatments. Furthermore, the highest biological yield and content of leaf chlorophyll have been achieved under 30% Pajh + Sanabad 70% and Pajh 70% + Jualinoo 30% treatments, respectively. Results also show that the highest LER has been calculated under the application of intercropping of 70% Pajh + 30% Sanabad, Pajh 30% + 70% Sanabad, and Pajh 70% + Jualinoo 30%, compared with other treatments. In general, concerning the obtained results of the present study and the highest LER in Pajh 70% + Jualinoo 30%, it is concluded that the aforementioned intercropping can be used instead of monocrop of different triticale cultivars.
Mahsa Zarei; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; Ali Tadayyon
Abstract
In order to evaluate the yield components and oil percent of hemp plant under different biological fertilizer and saline water and soil, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications in the North East of Esfahan in 2012. The experimental ...
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In order to evaluate the yield components and oil percent of hemp plant under different biological fertilizer and saline water and soil, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications in the North East of Esfahan in 2012. The experimental treatments include, three hemp ecotypes of Esfahan, Shiraz and Mashاad as the first factor and fertilizer treatments of urea, nitroxin, super nitro-plus, bio-sulfur, mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae) and control (without fertilizer) as the second factor, subjected to saline soil irrigation water. The traits of seed numbers per plant, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and percent of seed oil were measured. The results showed the maximum grain yield and harvest index were belong to mycorrhizae treatment and the minimum was belong to control. Besides, mycorrhizae showed maximum biological yield and other treatments had not significantly effect. 1000 seeds weight was affected significantly under different fertilizer treatments, but the ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz showed maximum (13.33 gr.) and ecotype of Esfahan produced minimum (7.8 gr.) 1000 seeds grain. Each 4 fertilizer treatments caused significant promotion of oil percent (29.2%) compare to control (26.5%), but did not observed any significant effect between fertilizer treatments. Ecotype of Esfahan under bio-sulfur and mycorrhizae treatments with average of 800 seeds per plant had maximum and ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz had minimum of 76 seeds per plant.
Abdollah fariSa; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ali Rahemi karizaki; Mohammad Salahi Farahi
Abstract
Objective: In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications during crop ...
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Objective: In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications during crop year of 2019.Methods: Treatments in this experiment included nitrogen splitting (none consumption of nitrogen (as control), 25% of nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering, 50% of nitrogen at planting time and 50% before flowering and 75% of nitrogen at planting and 25% before flowering and supplemental irrigation (none irrigation ((as control)), supplementary irrigation at flowering stage, supplemental irrigation at grain filling stage, supplemental irrigation at flowering stage and grain filling stages) in four levels.Results: The results showed that consumption of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering led to the highest increase in number of grains per row, number of grains per head, one thousand-grain weight, grain yield (4318 kg.ha-1) and harvest index. Consumption of 75% nitrogen at planting time and 25% before flowering increased the number of rows per capita. None consumption of nitrogen increased oil percent though oil yield decreased. Irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages increased the number of grain per capita, grain weight, and grain yield (4427 kg.ha-1).Conclusion: According to the results, irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages as well as application of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering is suitable to achieve optimum sunflower yield.
Erfan Sepahvand; Mahmoud Ghasem nejad; Mohammad Reza Fatahi Moghadam; Ali Reza Talaie; Mohammad Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh
Abstract
The type of training system and application of calcium spray have considerable effects on storability of fruits. In this study, the effects of calcium chloride spray (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g.L-1) in three times during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on apple (Malus domestica) fruits cvs. ‘Gala’ ...
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The type of training system and application of calcium spray have considerable effects on storability of fruits. In this study, the effects of calcium chloride spray (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g.L-1) in three times during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on apple (Malus domestica) fruits cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’, which trained in three different training systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) were investigated after 4 months in cold storage. This experiment was designed as split factorial in frame of randomized complete block design with four replications. The fruit characteristics such as fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), TSS/TA, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total anthocyanin, ethylene and respiration rate were evaluated at the end of storability. The results showed that training systems types and foliar application with calcium chloride had significant effect on postharvest quality of fruits. Calcium chloride spray increased TSS, TA content, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin content, phenol content and tissue firmness of fruits at the end of storage in compared to control. Fruits firmness of Gala was higher than Delbarestival cultivars. The highest TSS (14.22%) and TA (0.47%) content were found in fruits produced with High-tech system when sprayed with 0.75 g. L-1 calcium chloride. Ethylene production of Delbarestival (18.36, 15.22 and 15.11 nL/g.h) was higher than Gala fruits (6.60, 6.38 and 8.43 nL/g.h) at three different training systems. Preharvest calcium spray suppresed ethylene production and respiration rate of apple fruits produced at three different training systems as compared to control at the end of storage.
Mohammad Taghi Darzi; Mohammadreza Haj Seyed Hadi
Abstract
To study the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with eight treatments and three replications at agricultural research field of the Company of Ran in ...
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To study the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with eight treatments and three replications at agricultural research field of the Company of Ran in Firouzkuh of Iran during the growing season of 2014-2015. The treatments were 20 t/ha manure, 10 t/ha vermicompost, biofertilizer (2 lit/ha nitroxin + 2 lit/ha bio-superphosphat), 10 t/ha manure + 5 t/ha vermicompost, 20 t/ha manure + biofertilizer, 10 t/ha vermicompost + biofertilizer, 10 t/ha manure + 5 t/ha vermicompost + biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer (NPK: 80, 70 and 80 kg/ha). The results have shown that the highest essential oil percent, essential oil yield, geraniol percent and linalool percent were obtained in essential oil at the treatment of application of 10 t/ha vermicompost and the maximum geranial percent, neral percent and neryl acetate percent were observed in essential oil at the treatment of integrated application of 10 t/ha vermicompost and biofertilizer. Also, the highest geranyl acetate percent was obtained in essential oil at the treatment of chemical fertilizer application (control). Generally, the highest percent and yield of essential oil and essential oil quality were obtained using 10 t/ha vermicompost application.
nastaran hemmati; azim ghasem nezhad; javad fattahi moghaddam; pouneh ebrahimi
Abstract
The present study was done to investigate the correlation between biochemical changes of grafted tree fruits and rootstock fruits in Gorgan university of agricultural science and natural resources in 2012-2013. For this purpose, the antioxidant activity and the total content of phenol and flavonoid ...
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The present study was done to investigate the correlation between biochemical changes of grafted tree fruits and rootstock fruits in Gorgan university of agricultural science and natural resources in 2012-2013. For this purpose, the antioxidant activity and the total content of phenol and flavonoid on four rootstocks such as Yuzu (Citrus junos), Shelmahalleh (Citrus sinensis var. shel mahalleh), Citrumelo (Citrus paradisi X Poncirus trifoliate), Sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and Italian and Salustiana grafted tree were studied in skin and flesh of fruits. This research was done as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. The result showed that the measured parameters were significantly influenced by cultivar, rootstock and tissue. The highest amount of total phenol (21.38 mg/gDM) was recorded in Italian skin on Shelmahalleh rootstock. The most antioxidant activity (85.71 percent) was produced in the skin of Citrumelo rootstock. The maximum content of total flavonoid (0.337 mg/gDM) was observed in the skin of Salustiana on Yuzu rootstock. The investigation indicated that the total phenol accumulation ability of rootstock fruit influences the antioxidant activity of the grafted tree fruits with a positive correlation Although there was significant differences between antioxidant compounds of grafted tree fruits with fruits of their rootstocks, but there was no relationship between them. It seems this was due to a combination of physiological characteristics of each group (grafted or not) of fruits.
Shirin Taghizoghi; Elias Soltani; Iraj Allahdadi; Reza Sadeghi
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effects of different seed coating treatments on the seed germination of canola under drought and salinity stresses. In order to, two factorial experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design with four replications in laboratory. In both ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the effects of different seed coating treatments on the seed germination of canola under drought and salinity stresses. In order to, two factorial experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design with four replications in laboratory. In both experiments, one of the factors were 10 different seed coating treatments. The second factor was different in two experiments: in the first experiment, the levels of drought stress of 0, -0.8, -1, and -1.2 MPa were considered, and in the second experiment, the levels of salinity stress of 0, 7, 14 and 21 ds/m NaCl were investigated. Results indicated that the lowest hydrotime constant (θH) were observed in T9 (22.627 MPa h), T3 (22.538 MPa h), and T6 (22.263 MPa h). The lowest base water potential (Ψb (50)) were belonged to T4 (-1.332 MPa) and T1 (-1.324 MPa). The maximum of germination percentage under salinity stress (Gmax) was observed in T2 (86.75%). The highest threshold to salinity tolerance (Xo) was belonged to T3 (16.38 ds/m). The highest germination rate was belonged to T3 in all levels of salinity. Totally, seed coating treatments of T3, T6 and T9 were the best treatments under drought stress and T3 was the best treatment under salinity stress.
Asma Aslani; Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the negative effects of late-season heat stress using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, this experiment is carried out as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications in a farm located in Haftkol city under the ...
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In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the negative effects of late-season heat stress using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, this experiment is carried out as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications in a farm located in Haftkol city under the supervision of Ramhormoz Islamic Azad University, during the growing season 2016-2017. The main factor consists of planting date in two levels (22 November and 2 January) and the sub factors as a factorial consisted of five bread wheat cultivars (Chamran2, Mehregan, Sirvan, Shush and Barat) and of two levels application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (inoculation and without inoculation). The results show that with a delay in planting and occurrence of heat stress in grain filling period, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, and effective grain filling period are decreased and grain filling rate is increased. Also, the reaction intensity has varied depending on the cultivar. Mehregan cultivar has high yield in both planting dates and in the delayed planting date with the highest increase in grain filling rate and the lowest decrease in number of seeds per spike, had the highest grain yield and harvest index. By inoculating the seeds with bacteria, on both planting dates, on average, the number of seeds per spike is increased by 4.6%, grain yield by 7.6%, and biological yield by 7%, but the interaction effect between planting date, cultivar and bacteria on yield and its related traits is not significant. Therefore, the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on mitigating the effect of heat stress is not proven and the positive effect of bacteria is the same on both planting dates. Overall, in this study, higher ability to increase grain filling speed and maintain more grain number per spike are identified as two important traits for achieving higher grain yield under late-season heat stress conditions.
siavash aryafar; Alireza Sirousmehr; Iesa khammari; Ahmad ghanbari; Esmaeil Seyedabadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of tillage systems and the combination of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on some characteristics of sunflower, an experiment has been conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of tillage systems and the combination of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on some characteristics of sunflower, an experiment has been conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Zabol during 2019. The main factor has been tillage levels (1. moldboard plow and disc, 2. sweep and disc, and 3. disc). The sub-factor include fertilizer levels (no fertilizer application, 100 kg/ha of diammonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha of livestock manure+ 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate, 50 tons/ha of livestock manure + 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha of livestock manure, and 50 tons/ha of livestock manure). Results show that the highest values belong to the 50 tons/ha of livestock manure in tillage with disk for grain yield (5072 kg/ha), and oil percentage (44.44%), 50 tons/ha of livestock manure in tillage with disc for oleic acid content (51.61%), and 50 tons/ha of livestock manure for linoleic acid content (31.1%). The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (1.253, 0.45, and 1.04 mg/g, respectively) has been obtained from the application of 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate in tillage with disc. In general, in order to increase and improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower, the application of 50 tons/ha of livestock manure is suitable in disc tillage conditions.
Mehrdad Ranjbar; Hadi Ghorbani; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of long-term application of Municipal Solid Waste Compostand chemical fertilizer on concentration of macro elements (N, P and K) in the soil and rice, an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and 14 fertilizer treatments ...
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In order to investigate the effect of long-term application of Municipal Solid Waste Compostand chemical fertilizer on concentration of macro elements (N, P and K) in the soil and rice, an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and 14 fertilizer treatments in 2014. Fertilizer treatments included the control (without fertilizer and organic fertilizer), fertilizer treatments (based on the soil analysis), and treatments of 15, 30 and 45 tons of municipal solid waste compost per hectare as simple form along with 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of chemical fertilizer. Results showed that 7-year application of municipal solid waste compost increased significantly the concentration of some macro nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in soil and rice grain compared with the control treatment (P<0.01). The highest concentration of macro elements in soil was obtained in 45 tons of municipal solid waste compost plus 75% fertilizer treatment, which showed 73.68% increase in nitrogen concentration, 230% increase in the concentration of phosphorus and 30.74% increase in potassium concentration in comparison to the control treatment. The highest concentration of potassium element in rice grain was obtained 45 tons in municipal solid waste compost plus 75% fertilizer treatment. The lowest concentration of macro elements was in soil and rice in the control treatment and chemical fertilizer. Finally, Municipal Solid waste compost can be combined for fertilizer to increase the concentration of some macro elements in soil and rice.
Majid Alinaghipour; Mohammad Mirzakhani; Karim Nozad Namin
Abstract
In order to the effect of Simultaneous Cropping on agronomic characteristics of spring safflower cultivars (Cartamus tinctorius L.) in Aran and Bidgol region, this study was carried out in field of Kashan city of Esfahan province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete ...
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In order to the effect of Simultaneous Cropping on agronomic characteristics of spring safflower cultivars (Cartamus tinctorius L.) in Aran and Bidgol region, this study was carried out in field of Kashan city of Esfahan province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Spring safflower cultivars (V1= Faraman, V2= Goldasht, V3= Esfahan local, V4= Soffeh) and Simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= Cultivation of safflower + chickpea, S2= Cultivation of safflower + alfaalfa, S3= Cultivation of safflower + onion, S4= Cultivation of safflower) were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 4 cm between plants on the rows was used. In this study characteristics such as: days to bolling, number of branches, weight of boll, number of grain per plant, grain yield in plant, grain yield in m-2, biological yield, harvest index and alfalfa biomass were assessed. Results indicated that the effect of safflower cultivars on the characteristics such as: days to bolling, weight of boll, number of grain per plant, grain yield in plant, grain yield in m-2 and harvest index was significant. Effect of Simultaneous cropping treatment on the characteristics such as: weight of boll and biological yield was significant, too. The maximum and minimum of harvest index (33.31 and 26.52 %) were obtained with the Esfahan local and Soffeh cultivars, respectively.
Fatemeh Sefidkon; Seys Reza Tabayi Aghdayi; Meysam Ansari; Zahra Behrad; Fatemeh Asgari
Abstract
Satureja sahendica Bornm. is an endemic medicinal plant which grows wild in natural habitats of west and north-west regions of Iran. In this study, for domestication of Satureja sahendica and study it's essential oil content and composition, the seeds of seven populations were collected from natural ...
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Satureja sahendica Bornm. is an endemic medicinal plant which grows wild in natural habitats of west and north-west regions of Iran. In this study, for domestication of Satureja sahendica and study it's essential oil content and composition, the seeds of seven populations were collected from natural habitats and cultivated in three replications as a complete randomized blocks design. The aerial parts of each accession were collected in full flowering stage at three consecutive years. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed the highest oil yields were obtained at the first year after cultivation. The major compounds in all oils were Thymol, P-cymene and -terpinene with different percentages. The highest amount of thymol was found in the oils of the plants at second year. In the other words, the oils had better quality, in the second year. The percentage of -terpinene were reduced in the oils in the second year and then increased in the third year. Amount of p-cymene did not show similar changes during three studied years. Generaly, it can be said annual plants had higher oil yields and two-year old plants had better oil quality.