Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Associate Proffessor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

In order to evaluate the yield components and oil percent of hemp plant under different biological fertilizer and saline water and soil, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications in the North East of Esfahan in 2012. The experimental treatments include, three hemp ecotypes of Esfahan, Shiraz and Mashاad as the first factor and fertilizer treatments of urea, nitroxin, super nitro-plus, bio-sulfur, mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae) and control (without fertilizer) as the second factor, subjected to saline soil irrigation water. The traits of seed numbers per plant, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and percent of seed oil were measured. The results showed the maximum grain yield and harvest index were belong to mycorrhizae treatment and the minimum was belong to control. Besides, mycorrhizae showed maximum biological yield and other treatments had not significantly effect. 1000 seeds weight was affected significantly under different fertilizer treatments, but the ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz showed maximum (13.33 gr.) and ecotype of Esfahan produced minimum (7.8 gr.) 1000 seeds grain. Each 4 fertilizer treatments caused significant promotion of oil percent (29.2%) compare to control (26.5%), but did not observed any significant effect between fertilizer treatments. Ecotype of Esfahan under bio-sulfur and mycorrhizae treatments with average of 800 seeds per plant had maximum and ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz had minimum of 76 seeds per plant.

Keywords

1 . احمدی م و بحرانی م ج (1388) تأثیر مقادیر مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و میزان روغن دانه ارقام کنجد در منطقة بوشهر. علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 13(48): 123-131.
2. اکبری پ، قلاوند ا و مدرس ثانوی س ع م (1388) تأثیر کاربرد سیستم­های مختلف تغذیه­ای (آلی، شیمیایی و تلفیقی) و کود زیستی بر عملکرد دانه و سایر صفات زراعی آفتابگردان(Helianthus annuus L.). دانش کشاورزی پایدار. 1/19(1): 83 -93.
3. تدین م ر (1388) عکس­العمل­های فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان به تنش­های محیطی. انتشارات دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد. 214 صفحه.
4. دادخواه ع (1389) مطالعه اثر تنش شوری و نوع نمک بر جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه چهار گیاه دارویی شنبلیله، کنجد، شاهدانه و زنیان. تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. 26(3): 358-369. 
5. درزی م ت، قلاوند ا، رجالی ف و سفیدکن ف (1385) بررسی کاربرد کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه دارویی رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. 22(4): 276-292.
6. رضوانی­مقدم پ، برومند رضازاده ز، محمدآبادی ع ا و شریف ع (1387) اثر تاریخ کاشت و تیمارهای مختلف کودی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد روغن دانه گیاه کرچک. پژوهش­های زراعی ایران. 6 (2): 303-313.
7. سادات ع، ثواقبی غ، رجالی ف، فرحبخش م، خاوازی ک و شیرمردی م (1389) تأثیر چند نوع قارچ مایکوریز آربسکولار باکتری محرک رشد گیاه بر شاخص­های رشد و عملکرد دو رقم گندم در یک خاک شور. آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 24(1): 53-62.
8. شاه­حسینی ر، امیدبیگی ر و کیانی د (1391) بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی بیوسولفور و نیتروکسین و پلیمر سوپرجاذب بر رشد، عملکرد و کمیت اسانس گیاه دارویی ریحان. علوم باغبانی (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 26(3): 246-252.
9. کوچکی ع، جهانی م، تبریزی ل و محمد­آبادی ع ا (1390) ارزیابی اثر کودهای بیولوژیکی و شیمیایی و تراکم بر عملکرد گل و ویژگی­های بنه زعفران (Crocus sativus L.). آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 25(1) :196-206.
10. محمودی­قادی پ، علی­پور ز ت و کاشی ع (1390) تأثیر باکتری تیوباسیلوس بر رشد و عملکرد گوجه فرنگی تحت شرایط شوری. نمک. 1(3): 63-70.
11. نجفی ع و شریف ع (1386) دانه خربزه ‘خاقانی’ به عنوان منبع روغن. همایش منطقه­ای صنایع غذایی- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قوچان. صص. 61-70.
12. Akbari P, Ghalavand A, Modares Sanavy AM, AghaAlikhani M and Shoghi Kalkhoran S (2011) Comparison of different nutritional levels and the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the grain yield and qualy of sunflower. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5: 1570-1576.
13. Ashraf M, Ozturk M and Athar HR (2009) Salinity and Water Stress. University of Osnabrueck, Germany, 238 p.
14. Belew D, Astatkie T, Mokashi MN, Getachew Y and Patil CP (2010) Effects of salinity and mycorrhizal inoculation (Glomus fasciculatum) on growth responses of grape rootstocks (Vitis spp.). South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture. 31: 82-88.
15. Chen JH (2006) The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertily. International Workshop on Sustained Management of the Soil-Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer Use. Pp. 1-11.
16. Egamberdieva D (2009) Alleviation of salt stress by plant growth regulators and IAA producing bacteria in wheat. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 31: 861-864.
17. Enteshari SH and Hajbagheri S (2011) Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on some physiological characteristics of salt stressed Ocimum basilicum L. Plant Physiology. 1: 215-222.
18. Evelin H, Kapoor R and Giri BH (2013) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. Annals of Botany. 104: 1263-1280.
19. Faizy S, E-D A, Rizk MM, Ragab MM and Amer MMA (2010) Response of wheat yield and apparent nitrogen recovery of fertilizer to mineral nitrogen and biofertilizer application in salt affected soils. Agricultural Research. 36: 74-96.
20. Flores-Sanchez IJ and Verpoorte R (2008) Secondary metabolism in cannabis. Phytochemistry Reviews. 7: 615-639.
21. Hashemzadeh FB, Mirshekari Rahimzadeh Khoei F, Yarnia M and Tarinejad AA (2013) Effect of bio and chemical fertilizers on seed yield and its components of dill (Anethum graveolens). Medicinal Plants Research. 7: 111-117.
22. Ileana V, Rodolfo G and Mendoza E (2007) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant symbiosis in a saline-sodic soil. Mycorrihza. 17: 167-174.
23. Kohler J, Caravaca F and Roldan A (2010) An AM fungus and a PGPR intensify the adverse effects of salinity on the stabily of rhizosphere soil aggregates of Lactuca sativa. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 42: 429-434.
24. Rouzbeh R, Daneshian J and liabadi Farahani H (2009) Supernitroplus influence on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars under NPK fertilizer application. Plant Breeding and Crop Science. 18: 293-297.
25. Saber Z, Pirdashti H, Esmaeili M, Abbasian A and Heidarzadeh A (2012) Response of Wheat growth parameters to co-Inoculation of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and different levels of inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphorus. World Applied Sciences. 16: 213-219.
26. Sengloung TH (2009) Phenological characteristics and fiber properties of Thai hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Doctor of Philosophy (Botany).
27. Vera CL, Malhi SS, Raney JP and Wang ZH (2004) The effect of N and P fertilization on growth, seed yield and qualy of industrial hemp in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 84: 939-947.
28. Wang R, He LS, Xia B, Tong JF, Li N and Peng F (2009) A micropropagation system for cloning of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by shoot tip culture. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 41: 603- 608.
29. Yadav S, Irfan M and Hayat SH (2011) Causes of salinity and plant manifestations to salt stress: A review. Environmental Biology. 32: 667-685.
30. Young EM (2005) Revival of Industrial Hemp: A systematic analysis of the current global industry to determine limitations and identify future potentials within the concept of sustainabily. International Environmental Science Lund University, Sweden, Master’s Degree Dissertation.