Hamid Rahnemoun; Farid Shekari; Jalil Dejampour; Mohammad Bagher Khorshidi
Abstract
To evaluate morphological and biochemical changes of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) under salt stress conditions and determine relationship among accumulation of Na and Cl with these traits, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with four treatments including 0 (control), 25, ...
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To evaluate morphological and biochemical changes of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) under salt stress conditions and determine relationship among accumulation of Na and Cl with these traits, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with four treatments including 0 (control), 25, 50 and 75 mM of pure sodium chloride and three replications from 2010 to 2012. The seed of healthy almond genotypes grown in natural saline areas of East-Azerbaijan province were used as the experimental material in this study. Salt treatments were influenced during eight weeks following the growth and appearance of 15 – 20 leaves on each seedling. The results showed that the threshold of marginal leaf scorch symptoms was in relation with an accumulation of 9–11 mg/g DW Na. Also, mean of free proline content increased from 37.7 to 117.9 µmol.g-1 FW linearly and significantly in parallel with the accumulation of Na and Cl in the leaves. Under same conditions, catalase and ascorbate-peroxidase activity increased significantly; however peroxidase activity increased up to 50 mM salinity but decreased subsequently at higher levels of salt.
Esmaeil Rezaei-chiyaneh; Sorour Khorramdel; Parisa Garachali
Abstract
To evaluate the yield components, yield and land equivalent ratio affected by relay intercropping of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a field experiment was arranged based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station ...
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To evaluate the yield components, yield and land equivalent ratio affected by relay intercropping of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a field experiment was arranged based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station Payamenoor University of Nagadeh, Iran during growing reason of 2012-2013. The treatments included row intercropping )one row of sunflower + one row of faba bean(, strip intercropping )two rows of faba bean + four rows of sunflower, four rows of faba bean + two rows of sunflower, three rows of faba bean + three rows of sunflower( and monoculture faba bean and sunflower. The results indicated that the relay intercropping patterns had significant effect on studied traits of sunflower and faba bean (except number of seed per pod of faba bean). The highest seed yield of sunflower (4140 kg/ha) and faba bean (2567.33 kg/ha) were obtained from row intercropping and the lowest seed yield of sunflower (3136.67 kg/ha) and faba bean (1957 kg/ha) were obtained in their monoculture. The oil percentage of all intercropping treatments was higher than monoculture. The maximum land equivalent ratio (1.85) and actual yield loss (1.74) were calculated in row intercropping and the highest intercropping advantage (1.25) was achieved in four rows of faba bean + two rows of sunflower. The results showed that the use of relay intercropping results in better utilization of environmental resources and increased crop production compared to monoculture of the same species.
Narges Khatun Jokar; Moazzam Hassanpour Asil
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of gibberellic acid and vermicompost on growth and flowering of daffodil flower, a factorial experiment has been conducted under greenhouse conditions, based on completely randomized design with 12 treatments and three replications and four samples in each replication. ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of gibberellic acid and vermicompost on growth and flowering of daffodil flower, a factorial experiment has been conducted under greenhouse conditions, based on completely randomized design with 12 treatments and three replications and four samples in each replication. The first factor involves vermicompost in four levels, namely 0 (control), 10%, 15%, and 20% of potted soil (V/V) and the second factor, three levels of gibberellic acid, 0 (control), 150, and 300 mg/L, all applied by dipping the bulbs for 48 hours. Results of analysis variance of the data show that the impacts of gibberellic acid and vermicompost on most traits such as leaf area, vase life, number of leaves, chlorophyll index, TSS, leaf phosphorus, and leaf potassium have displayed significant effects (P<0.01), compared to the control. Also gibberellic acid and vermicompost have had significant impacts (P<0.01) on carotenoid (0.28 mg.g-1Fw), leaf nitrogen (2.07%), root fresh weight (11 g), root dry weight (1.1 g), and stem diameter (8.11 mm). Also, the duration of flowering stem appearance has had significant effects (P<0.05). This study’s results show that the application of vermicompost at 20% level and gibberellic acid with a concentration of 300 mg/L have improved the growth and accelerated flowering with an average of 10 days, increasing the vase life of flowers with an average of four days with a noticeable difference, compared to the control.
Majedeh Malekian; Khodayar Hemmati; Azim Ghasemnezhad; Mohammad Barzali
Abstract
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most important industrial medicinal plant. Inthis experiment the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid in different levels (0, 10-2, 10-4, 10-6) wereinvestigated on the floral traits and essential oil content of three ecotypes (Italian, ...
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German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most important industrial medicinal plant. Inthis experiment the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid in different levels (0, 10-2, 10-4, 10-6) wereinvestigated on the floral traits and essential oil content of three ecotypes (Italian, Tehran, Zabol) ofGerman chamomile. The results showed that maximum percentage of essential oil (1.5 weight percent)was obtained from Zabol ecotype as sprayed with 10-4 M of salicylic acid and Maximum oil yield (0.085gr per pot) was obtained from Italy ecotype in which treated with 10-2 M salicylic acid. Among theidentified sesquiterpenes of essential oil, Chamazulene, E-β Farencene and α-Bisabolol oxide A weresignificantly varied based on the experimental treatments. The highest amount of Chamazulene (3.789percent) was recorded in Italian ecotype in which treated with 10-2 M salicylic acid, and the same ecotypeproduced highest amount of farencene (2.264 percent) when treated with 10-2 M Salicylic acid. Theapplication of salicylic acid in concentrations of 10-4 and 10-6 M increased the α-Bisabolol oxide A(respectively, 70.907 and 73.482 percent) Compare with control. Generally, contrary to essential oil yieldcomponent, only the essential oil yield and its constituent were affected by salicylic acid application andthe responses of experimental ecotypes was varied.
Navid Yazdani; Shahnaz Hamidi; Karamatollah Rezaei; Kourosh Vahdati; Ali Reza Rahmanian Haghighi
Abstract
Persian walnut (Juglan regia L.) is known as an important horticultural crop not only in Iran, but also in all over the world. Walnut kernels are rich source of functional compounds with a high nutritional value. In the present study, 13 cultivars and superior genotypes of walnut, include ‘Chandler’, ...
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Persian walnut (Juglan regia L.) is known as an important horticultural crop not only in Iran, but also in all over the world. Walnut kernels are rich source of functional compounds with a high nutritional value. In the present study, 13 cultivars and superior genotypes of walnut, include ‘Chandler’, ‘Lara’, ‘Vina’, ‘Pedro’, ‘Ser’, ‘Damavand’, ‘Jamal’, ‘RDM’, B21, K72, Z53, Z60, Z67 were harvested during 2013. Several pomological characteristics and fatty acid profiles of walnuts were analyzed after drying. Average weight of fruit and kernels were varied between 7.6-16.20 g and 3.8-8.7 g, respectively in different cultivars. The oil contents were varied from 54.4 to 72.1%. The results showed that the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) compounds are prevalent in walnut oils by more than 90% of total fatty acids. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid reaching the maximum value of 67.3% (cv. Z60) followed by oleic (18.3-34.2%), linolenic (3.1-14.0%), palmitic (6.3-8.5%) and stearic (2.8-4.3%) acids, respectively. The protein content ranged from 12.6 to 19.6%. The highest amounts of kernel and oil percentages were detected in B21 and ‘RDM’ respectively. Also, the highest amount of protein percentage was reported for ‘Jamal’. Also, high rates of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were shown in Z53, Z60 and ‘Chandler’. Moreover, the highest amounts of UFA to saturated fatty acids (SFA) were detected in ‘Jamal’, Z67,Z53 and K72.
Hassan Akhgari; Behzad Kaviani
Abstract
An experiment as factorial with completely randomized block design with four replications during two continuous years (2019-2020) was carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by seed tape technology and its comparison with transplanting and traditional direct seeding ...
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An experiment as factorial with completely randomized block design with four replications during two continuous years (2019-2020) was carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by seed tape technology and its comparison with transplanting and traditional direct seeding cultivations. The first factor consisted of two rice cultivars (Khazar and Hashemi) and the second one consisted of ten levels of seed priming treatment with three methods (transplanting, traditional direct and direct with seed tape technology). The two main challenges of rice production in traditional transplanting and direct seeded methods are the high share of labor and the increased cost. Therefore, new methods of cultivation should be sought to reduce the cost of rice production. In the present study, direct seeded of rice with seed priming treatments and seed tape technology, with reduction of labor and cost is presented. Agronomy parameters and cost production factors were evaluated in these three methods. The results showed that the use of direct seeded method with seed tape technology increased rice yield by eight percent and saved 25 percent in cost, as well as a 11 percent reduction during the growing period, 30 percent in the number of labor per hectare, 26 percent in the production cost per kilogram of white rice and 2.2 percent in the cost-benefit index in Hashemi cultivar compared to the cultivation method. Therefore, direct seeded with seed tape technology, done for the first time in Iran, is effective in reducing the cost of rice production.
Ebrahim Zeinali; Afshin Soltani; Mohammad Khadempir; Mahmood Tourani; Fatemeh Sheikh
Abstract
Gorgan is one of the most important regions for faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in Iran. However, there is no enough quantitative information about the various aspects of production management of this crop plant. To investigate the effects of inter-row spacing, cultivar and seeding date on the yield ...
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Gorgan is one of the most important regions for faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in Iran. However, there is no enough quantitative information about the various aspects of production management of this crop plant. To investigate the effects of inter-row spacing, cultivar and seeding date on the yield of green pod and grain, this experiment was carried out at research farm of Gorgan University of agricultural sciences in 2011-2012 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design as split-plot factorial with four replications. Inter-row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) and factorial of planting dates (15 Nov. and 23 Dec. 2011) and cultivars (Barakat and French) were arranged in main- and sub-plots, respectively. The results indicated non-significant effect of cultivar and the significant (P = 0.01) effects of seeding date, inter-row spacing and their interactions on the grain, green pod and biological yields, and pod number per plant, while the effects of cultivars were not significant, statistically. Based on the obtained results, any increase in inter-row spacing or delaying in planting of faba bean will reduce the grain, green pod and biological yields. The maximum yield of green pods and grain yield (21753 and 4530 kg ha-1, respectively) produced in normal planting date (15 Nov.) and 30 cm inter-row spacing. In contrast, the lowest grain and green pod yield (2527 and 13041 kg ha-1, respectively) obtained from delayed planting date (23 Dec.) and 60 cm inter-row spacing.
ali naderi arefi; mohammad abedini esfahlani
Abstract
To determine the best planting date and irrigation schedule in a cotton field (Gossypium hirsutum var.Varamin) in Garmsar region an experiment was conducted in 2011. The experimental design was splitplot based on randomized complete block with three replications. Three irrigation termination dates (2011Sep ...
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To determine the best planting date and irrigation schedule in a cotton field (Gossypium hirsutum var.Varamin) in Garmsar region an experiment was conducted in 2011. The experimental design was splitplot based on randomized complete block with three replications. Three irrigation termination dates (2011Sep 11th, 2011 Sep 21st and 2011 Oct 2nd) arranged in main plots as main factor and three planting dates(2011 May 10th, 2011 May 25th and 2011 Jun 9th) located in sub plots. During the growth season,phonological events such as germination, date of flowering, date of boll formation, boll opening, maturityand after harvest attributes such as plant tall, number of boll per plant and weight of boll were recorded.The result showed that effect of planting date on seed cotton yield, plant/m2, boll per plant and plantsheight was significant but boll weight was not affected significantly by this treatment. First planting dateand first irrigation termination date with 7729 kg/ha of seed cotton yield is the best treatment. Because ofstable environmental conditions in years of experiment, the effect of these treatments on studiedtreatments is not significant. Totally, two first planting dates has the higher yield than third and first dateof irrigation termination is the best because of decreasing the number of irrigation.
Hosein Nazari Nasi; Reza Amirnia; Mohammadrez Zardashti
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on the photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC) and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin plants under drought stress condition, experiments were perfumed across two years at research field station of Zanjan University. This experiment was conducted ...
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In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on the photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC) and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin plants under drought stress condition, experiments were perfumed across two years at research field station of Zanjan University. This experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experiment treatments consisted of drought stress as a main plot in four levels (i.e., control, mild stress, moderate stress and severe stress and biofertilizers as a sub-plot (i.e., no inoculation (control), nitroxin, mycorrhizha and thiobacillus)). Results of combined analysis of variance showed a significant association between irrigation regimes and biofertilizers in terms of chlorophyll a, b and grain yield. Under severe stress condition, nitroxin induced 15.78% and 40% growth in terms of chl a and chl b contents and mycorrizha treatment induced 21% and 47% growth in terms of chl a and chl b contents in comparison with the control, respectively. Only mycorrizha treatment had a positive effect on the RWC and carotenoid content (increased 19% and 5.58% in comparison with no inoculation). Regarding positive effects of nitroxin treatment on increasing of grain yield (under moderate and severe stress condition, caused to 13% and 12.6 % increases in grain yield in comparison with the control, respectively), low cost and easy application, use of mentioned treatment can be recommended.
Afsaneh Soltanzadeh; Ahmad Ghanbari; Esmaeel Seyedabadi; Mahdi Dahmardeh
Abstract
In order to evaluate some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, a split plot experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at ...
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In order to evaluate some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, a split plot experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) has been considered the main factor and chemical fertilizer at four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%), the sub-factor. The main effect of vermicompost is significant on morphological traits such as plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. Interaction of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer is significant on chemical properties, including proteins and photosynthetic pigments. Application of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare leads to the maximum level of plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. Also, the highest amount of photosynthetic proteins and pigments are achieved from combined application of 10 tons/ha of vermicompost and 50% chemical fertilizer (25 kg/ha Urea+ 50 kg/ha triple superphosphate + 50 kg/ha potassium sulfate). Totally, results show the positive effects of vermicompost on the morphological and chemical properties of quinoa. It can be concluded that the combined use of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost can increase the yield of quinoa, while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and thus reduce the environmental impacts caused by them..
Majid Gholamhoseini; farhad habibzadeh; parisa hemmati
Abstract
In dry regions, root systems play a major role in controlling plant growth and yield, thanks to their importance in water absorption. In order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes on root and shoot traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes, a field experiment has been conducted in Karaj, ...
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In dry regions, root systems play a major role in controlling plant growth and yield, thanks to their importance in water absorption. In order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes on root and shoot traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes, a field experiment has been conducted in Karaj, at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, during 2017 and 2018. A factorial experiment has been laid out in a completely-randomized design with four replications. This study deals with five genotypes of sesame in two irrigation regimes, including full and low (drought stress) irrigation treatments in terms of root and shoot-related traits. Results show that there have been significant differences between genotypes and irrigation regimes for root and shoot traits. In all genotypes, root length density is higher in full irrigation treatment as well as the upper soil layer (0 to 30 cm deep), compared to stress treatment. In addition, under drought stress conditions root depth increases (by 30% in average) in all genotypes. In contrast, root dry weight has decreased in Dashtestan 2 (15 %), Darab 1 (16 %), and Naz (22 %), and increased in Oltan (1 %), USA-ns 96 (7 %), and Sodan 94 (10 ) genotypes. On the other hand, the highest amount of shoot dry weight belongs to the USA-ns 96 genotype (39 g), and the lowest to Naz cultivar (22 g). Finally, results show that USA-ns 96 genotype, being superior in terms of root characteristics such as root depth and root length density compared to other genotypes, in addition to having more shoot dry weight, show the least dry weight loss under stress conditions.
Farnaz Ahmadi; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani
Abstract
Optimal nutrition of grapevine is one of the most important factors that affect the quantity, quality and time of fruit ripening. To increase the quantity and quality of ‘Askari’ cultivar, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at ...
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Optimal nutrition of grapevine is one of the most important factors that affect the quantity, quality and time of fruit ripening. To increase the quantity and quality of ‘Askari’ cultivar, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Shahrekord in 2010. Treatments consisted of four levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer (zero, 300, 600 and 900 g per vine) and four levels of boric acid fertilizer (zero, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm). The results showed that potassium had a significant effect on yield and yield components. Different levels of potassium sulfate and boric acid increased cluster (number, weight, length, width) and fruit soluble solids. With increasing potassium levels, the number of clusters (14, 18 and 25) and content of total soluble solid (0.54, 1.45 and 1.53 percent) were significantly increased in comparison with control, respectively. Also, total soluble solids of berries were increased significantly (0.76, 0.75 and 1.25 percent) with boron treatment compared to control. The highest TSS (18.8) obtained in 900 mg of potassium sulfate per square meter, while it caused the greatest reduction in fruit acidity compared with the control. Fruits pH was decreased by 0.3 units with application of 3000 ppm of boric acid. The results of this experiment showed that nutrient treatments, especially potassium sulfate accelerated fruit ripening and increased fruit yield and sugar content.
Behnam Alizadeh; Zahra Ghahremani; Taher Barzegar; Jaefar Nikbakht
Abstract
In order to study the effect of putrescine on the growth, yield and fruit quality of Sweet pepper (Capsicuum annum cv. Dimaz) under water stress, an experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research filed of university of Zanjan. ...
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In order to study the effect of putrescine on the growth, yield and fruit quality of Sweet pepper (Capsicuum annum cv. Dimaz) under water stress, an experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research filed of university of Zanjan. Treatments consisted of three irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% ETc) and putrescine were included four levels (0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM). The results showed that water deficit stress reduced growth and fruit yield of sweet pepper. The highest growth, fruit number, yield and vitamin C content was obtained in irrigation 100%, ETc and TSS in 75% ETc. Foliar application of putrescine improved growth and fruit yield. The highest plant growth, plant height (67.00 cm), leaf area (5887.28 cm2), chlorophyll content (2.2 μg /g), plant dry weight (29.41 ETc), vitamin C (42.67 mg/100ml), fruit chlorophyll (0.18 μg /g), fruit length (16.56 cm), fruit number (268.00), fruit yield per plant (0.45 kg) and total yield per hectare (9.98 ton) was obtained with foliar spray of 1.5 mM putrescine under 100% ETc irrigation. According to the results, application of 1.5 mM putrescine can be proposed to improve growth and fruit yield of pepper under water deficit stress.
Mehrnoosh Garshasbi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Sina Fallah; Ali Ashraf Jafari; Shamsali Rezazadeh
Abstract
Some medicinal plants have an important role in production of fodder with high quality. While reducing the production costs, they protect the environment, water, and soil resources. On the other hand, mixed cultivation and application of organic and biological fertilizers or proper combination of these ...
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Some medicinal plants have an important role in production of fodder with high quality. While reducing the production costs, they protect the environment, water, and soil resources. On the other hand, mixed cultivation and application of organic and biological fertilizers or proper combination of these two with chemical fertilizers can be considered a solution to increase crop yield in sustainable agriculture. For this purpose, in order to investigate the effects of different treatments of fertilizer and ratios of mixed cultivation of Chicory and annual Medic, a factorial experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field located in Behbahan city in 2019-2020 growing season. The first factor has been different fertilizer sources (Chemical, Organic, and Integrated) in three levels: chemical fertilizer, vermicompost fertilizer and combined fertilizer (nitroxin biofertilizer + fertile phosphate 2 + 50% chemical fertilizer) and the second factor has been five intercropping patterns including: sole chicory (SC), sole annual medic (SM), one row of chicory: one row of annual medic (C1M1), one row of chicory: two rows of annual medic (C1M2) and two rows of chicory: one row of annual medic (C2M1). The studied traits are forage yield of chicory and annual medic and quality characteristics of forage including percentage and yield of crude protein, percentage of ash, crude fiber, dry matter digestibility, calcium, and phosphorus content of forage. The results show that the highest dry forage yields of chicory and medic (4.04 and 4.63 t/ ha, respectively) are obtained in monoculture and chemical fertilizer treatment. Mixed cultivation ratios and application of combined fertilizers and vermicompost improve crude protein and ash of medic and crude fiber of chicory forage without reducing any other quality traits. Evaluation of land equivalent ratio show the superiority of all mixed ratios over monoculture of these plants. Finally, mixed cultivation treatments C1M1 and C2M1 with a land equivalent ratio of 1.3 and a total yield of 5.44 and 4.95 tons per hectare and the application of combined fertilizer are recognized as superior treatments.
Ayoob Amiri; Ali Reza Sirousmehr; Parviz Yadollahi; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and spraying of salysilic acid and chitosan on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes of safflower an experiement was conducted as split plot randomized complete block design at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran during ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and spraying of salysilic acid and chitosan on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes of safflower an experiement was conducted as split plot randomized complete block design at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran during 2012. Treatments were drought stress at three levels; irrigation when the soil moisture level dropped to 25, 50 and 75 percent of available water as the main treatments, and four combinations of sprayings including non-spraying, salicylic acid (0.424 g.l-1), chitosan (5 g.l-1) and combination of salicylic acid and chitosan as sub-treatments that were applied with three replications. The results indicated that drought stress significantly decreased chlrophyl a, b, total and chlrophyl flueorecense. Also drought stress increased anti-oxidant enzymes, but this increasing effect was significant in case of peroxidase enzyme. In addition, drought stress did not influence carotenoid, protein yield, and ascorbate, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase. Spraying treatments increased all traits compared to the control. Combination of salicylic acid and chitosan was more effective than sole application. Interaction of drought stress by spraying was significant on chlorophyll a and protein yield, therefore spraying of salyclic acid and chitosan could be recommend for increase the stability of cell membranes in plants and reduce the damage caused by H2O2 of limited irrigation in safflower.
sonia jamali Anjilani; Javad Fatahu moghadam; Vali Rabiei
Abstract
Most of the citrus fruits, especially in North of Iran are stored in common storages. This experimen in oder to persevere appearance and internal fruit quality were conducted in the Citrus Research Station at 1392, Britex-Ti wax, storage wax, polyethlene bag (individual fruit), polyethlene bag (pair ...
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Most of the citrus fruits, especially in North of Iran are stored in common storages. This experimen in oder to persevere appearance and internal fruit quality were conducted in the Citrus Research Station at 1392, Britex-Ti wax, storage wax, polyethlene bag (individual fruit), polyethlene bag (pair fruits) were used alone and with combination with methyl salicylate (MeSA) vs. control (without coating and MeSA). ‘Moro’ blood orange fruits were treated and placed in the common storage for 80 days. Effect of every 20 days intervals was investigated to preserve fruit anti-radical compounds. Results showed that fruits in control and methyl salicylate treatments had the high ratio of TSS/TA after 80 days storage. Individual fruits in bags which treated by methyl salicylate had the highest total anthocyanin (3.99 mg/g FW) and total phenol (peel) contents (0.23 mg/g FW) during 40 days of storage. Individual fruit in bag treatment in combination with methyl salicylate application resulted to the highest ascorbic acid. The highest rate of total phenols was observed in fruits pulp treated with Britex –Ti wax after 60 days storage. Totally, combined treatments had significant influences on reducing decay and enhancing interval quality of ‘Moro’ fruits in common storage.
Abasalt Rostami Ajirloo; Ebrahim Amiri
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of potassium nano fertilizer on soybean growth under cutting irrigation condition, an experiment was carried out as split plots arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications in Moghan plain at 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The main ...
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In order to investigate the effect of potassium nano fertilizer on soybean growth under cutting irrigation condition, an experiment was carried out as split plots arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications in Moghan plain at 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The main factor included four levels of irrigation normal irrigation, cutting irrigation during vegetative phase, cutting irrigation during flowering phase and cutting irrigation during grain filling phase and a sub factor included three levels of potassium nano fertilizer five, 10 and 15 kg per hectare. The results showed that at all stages of irrigation, the use of potassium nano fertilizer reduced the effect of drought stress. So that the greatest seed yield and yield components under normal irrigation and off-irrigation conditions were obtained with use of 15 kg / ha of potassium nano fertilizer. Also, the highest plant height (66 cm), the distance between the first pod of ground (20 cm), number of leaves per plant (345) and the number of lateral branches (19.66) in normal irrigation treatment with consumption 15 kg of potassium nano fertilizer was obtained and the least of them was obtained in irrigation cut during vegetative phase with use of 5 kg/ha of potassium nano fertilizer. According to the results, it can be concluded that using 15 kg / ha of potassium nano fertilizer can reduce the effects of drought stress on yield, especially in seed filling stage in soybean plant, by 15%.
Abbas Keshtehgar; Mahdi Dahmardeh; Behrooz Keshtegar; Ahmad Ghanbari; Issa Khammari
Abstract
To evaluate the production of mashhadi melon (Khatouni cultivar) under different management of fertilizer levels and vermicompost bed, this study has been conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications during the spring of 2020 crop year ...
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To evaluate the production of mashhadi melon (Khatouni cultivar) under different management of fertilizer levels and vermicompost bed, this study has been conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications during the spring of 2020 crop year as two separate designs in Fariman and Zahak counties. Application of fertilizers in six levels include non-use of fertilizer (control), cow manure, sheep manure, nanobiomic foliar application, silicone foliar application, and complete application of chemical fertilizer as the first factor and four different levels of vermicompost include non-use of vermicompost (control), 5, 10, and 15 tons per hectare as the second factor. Results show that the highest fruit yield, total titration, percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, fruit potassium, and fruit flesh thickness in both Fariman and Zahak counties are obtained from nanobiomic foliar application under 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost. Also, the highest percentage of total soluble solids in Fariman county is observed jointly in the treatment of sheep manure and the treatment of chemical fertilizers and Zahak county in the treatment of non-use of fertilizer (control) under 10 tons per hectare of vermicompost. In Fariman County, results of cow manure, sheep manure, nanobiomic, silicon, and chemical fertilizers at the levels of 10 tons and 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost has not shown any significant difference. Therefore, with less consumption of vermicompost, to achieve the desired amount of yield, fruit texture characteristics, and nutrient uptake, nanobiomic foliar application under 10 tons per hectare of vermicompost is recommended for melon cultivation in Fariman County.
Samaneh Asadi Sanam; Mohsen Zavareh; Hasan Shokri_Vahed; Parisa Shahinrokhsar
Abstract
A randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht in 2008, to find the effect of supplement foliar application of nitrogen and potassium on ’Daylam‘ hybrid rice grain yield, its components and grain protein percentage. Foliar ...
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A randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht in 2008, to find the effect of supplement foliar application of nitrogen and potassium on ’Daylam‘ hybrid rice grain yield, its components and grain protein percentage. Foliar application of 20 kg nitrogen (5 percent N) and 15 kg potassium (3 percent K2O) in different pre-anthesis stages was considered as treatments. Foliar application of distilled water was considered as control. Results showed that the grain yield and biological yield were increased in treatments which nitrogen and potassium was applied at pre-anthesis stages compared to control treatment. Foliar fertilization of nitrogen in maximum tillering stage had the highest effect on number of tiller per plant and grain number per panicle. The highest percentages of fertile tillers were related to foliar application of nitrogen at both maximum tillering and booting stages. Foliar application of nitrogen at maximum tillering and booting stage significantly increased grain protein content by 12.1 percent which it was 8.3 percent greater than control treatment. Result also showed that a significant and positive correlation exists between grain yield with biological yield and percentage of panicle fertility. Overall, it was concluded that maximum tillering stage is the best pre-anthesis phonological stage for foliar application of nitrogen and potassium on cv. Daylam hybrid rice.
Mina Amani; Saeideh Alizadeh-Salteh; Mohsen Sabzi nojadeh; Mehdi Younessi Hamzekhanlu
Abstract
Objective: Taking advantage of the symbiotic relationship between plants and Trichoderma fungi is one of the ways to reduce water stress in plants. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Trichoderma fungus on the antioxidant properties of the basil medicinal plant (Ocimum ...
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Objective: Taking advantage of the symbiotic relationship between plants and Trichoderma fungi is one of the ways to reduce water stress in plants. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Trichoderma fungus on the antioxidant properties of the basil medicinal plant (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress conditions.
Methods: This experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture Sciences of Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources and laboratory studies in the basic and general laboratories of Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources (University of Tabriz) in 2019 in a factorial manner based on a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The treatments included different levels of water deficit stress, including severe stress (25% of field capacity), moderate stress (50% of field capacity), mild stress (75% of field capacity), and no stress (100% of field capacity). Each pot contained a commercial mushroom species Trichoderma harzianum Na-lac with concentrations of 109 and 106 spores per milliliter as the inoculum.
Results: The results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde, catalase and peroxidase, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid increased with the application of dehydration stress. The concentration of 106 spores per milliliter had a better impact on improving the mentioned indicators. Based on this, Trichoderma fungus proves effective when improving the antioxidant status of plants under drought stress and can prevent the effects of oxidative stress in plants by reducing the oxygen free radicals produced.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the use of Trichoderma mushroom in comparison with the control (without inoculation with the mushroom) can be a suitable tool to improve the physiological traits and antioxidant activities in the conditions drought stress.
Maryam Kosravi; Saeed Rizi; Rahim Barzegar; Gholam Reza Rabiei
Abstract
AbstractIn order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of sod turf, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was established in research farm in Shahrekord University. Treatments were vermicompost (zero, ...
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AbstractIn order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of sod turf, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was established in research farm in Shahrekord University. Treatments were vermicompost (zero, 5, 10 and 15 v/v percent) and humic acid (zero, 150 and 250 g/m2), respectively. Some traits such as shoot nitrogen and phosphorus content, shoot height, shoot dry and wet weight, total root length, root fresh and dry weight and root dry weight were evaluated. The results showed that the application of vermicompost and humic acid had a positive significant effect on shoot dry weight, sod root dry weight, total dry weight of roots, fresh weight of root, shoot nitrogen and phosphorous content compared to control. The vermicompost in 15% v/v and humic acid in 150 g/m2 treatments had the most positive effect on measured traits and increased nitrogen (25.4 percent), phosphorous (39.6 percent) content, shoot dry weight (49.7 percent), root weight (83.3 percent), total root dry weight (215 percent) and sod root dry weight (204 percent). In this research application of vermicompost and humic acid increased uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus and it increased the sod quality.
Fariba Amini; Shiva Shariat zade; Mehri Askary
Abstract
To study the effects of 24-epibrassinolode on improving germination parameters and seedling growth of typical American eggplant under chilling stress, an experiment with four concentrations of 24-epibrassinolode (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 µM) in completely randomized design in factorial form with three replicates ...
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To study the effects of 24-epibrassinolode on improving germination parameters and seedling growth of typical American eggplant under chilling stress, an experiment with four concentrations of 24-epibrassinolode (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 µM) in completely randomized design in factorial form with three replicates were performed in plant physiology lab of Arak University at 1391. Eggplant seeds were soaked in different concentrations of 24-epibrassinolode for 48 h and then moved to plate. Three plates each containing 20 seeds were considered as replications for each treatment. After planting the seeds, plated were divided into two groups. One group was transferred to an incubator with 16/8 -hour light/dark photoperiod (25 ± 1°C temperatures) and other group exposed to 4°C temperature for 4 days then transferred to the incubator. The results showed that 24-epibrassinolid had a great effect on the germination parameters, length of root and shoot, fresh and dry weights of root and shoot in both control and stress conditions. The increase of lipid peroxidation and membrane penetration that observed in chilling stress, indicated a significant decrease in treatment with 24-epibrassinolide. 1 μM concentration was the most effective concentration than others. In plants under chilling stress and 1 μM of 24-epibrassinolide, lipid peroxidation and membrane penetration decreased 28.30 and 37.89 percent, respectively.
Shiva Akbari
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate climatic factors, crop management and plant growth traits, using a simple model to simulate growth and yield of soybean in Tehran climatic condition in order to be use as an efficient tool to study effective factors on yield. The model was evaluated under Tehran ...
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The goal of this study was to investigate climatic factors, crop management and plant growth traits, using a simple model to simulate growth and yield of soybean in Tehran climatic condition in order to be use as an efficient tool to study effective factors on yield. The model was evaluated under Tehran condition. Soybean is one of the important resources of herbal oil and protein. At the current study, production and partitioning of dry matter in vegetative parts and grains of soybean were investigated by changing the parameters of base temperature, the maximum leaf area index and the fraction of crop total dry matter at the beginning of grain growth. Decreasing and increasing of base temperature caused to decrease and increase the phenological stages, changing the production of dry matter and the allocation of dry matter to vegetative organs and grains. Decreasing and increasing of the fraction of remobilized dry matter to grains lead to enhance and reduce harvest index, respectively. To model evaluation, some statistics on differences between observed and simulated values were used. The simulated yield ranges were within 1890-2220 kg.ha-1 with mean values of 1982.5 kg.ha-1 and the observed yield ranges were 1632-2254 kg.ha-1 with mean values of 2014.5 kg.ha-1. The RMSE was 178.48 kg.ha-1 that was equal to 9% of average of observed and predicted values. All data points were included at the 80% of 1:1 line and it indicated that the model had suitable accuracy to predict soybean yield in Tehran climatic condition.
Siavash Heshmati; Gholam Akbari; elias soltani; Majid Amini Dehaghi; Kayvan Fathi Amirkhiz; Keyvan Maleki
Abstract
In order to study the foliar application of melatonin on plants grown from safflower in different seed qualities under drought condition, two field experiments have been carried out at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, between 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experimental design ...
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In order to study the foliar application of melatonin on plants grown from safflower in different seed qualities under drought condition, two field experiments have been carried out at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, between 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experimental design is split-factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, with the treatments being consisted of two levels of drought stress (1- normal irrigation (no-stress) and 2- irrigation after reaching 85% of soil moisture depletion of field capacity at flowering stage (drought stress)), in the main plots. The subplots include 4 treatments, including a factorial combination of seed quality (stored seed and recently harvested seeds) and foliar application (the control and melatonin foliar application). Results from these experiments illustrate that melatonin foliar application has significantly increased the seed yield of stored seed by 589Kg.ha-1, compared to the control. It is also shown that SOD and CAT activities have been increased in response to melatonin in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds under drought condition. Furthermore, it is indicated that foliar application of melatonin decrease the amount of leaf soluble proteins by 28% in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds under drought conditions. According to the results, the amount of malondialdehyde is decreased by 37% in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds by foliar application of melatonin under drought conditions. It seems that seed quality has an enormous influence on grown plants and that using melatonin may play a substantial role in ameliorating the injuries derived from stress on safflower plant.
Mohaddese Heydarzade; Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami; Mohammad Rabiee
Abstract
Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study has been conducted during 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density ...
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Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study has been conducted during 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density and planting date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Guar forage. Taking place in the Rasht Rice research Institute-station located in the Village of GilPordehsar in the Sangar city, it evaluates four planting date (May 12, May 26, June 9, and June 23) and three plant densities (200, 400 and 600 plant.ha-1) factorially in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results show that the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 in terms of fresh forage yield (35.02 t/ha), crude protein (19.02%), dry matter (54.35%), and carbohydrate (26.12%) are superior to other planting dates and plant density under test. The highest yield of dry forage (6.1 t/ha) and neutral detergent fiber (58.23%) has been observed on May 12 and a density of 600 plant.ha-1. The amount of crude fiber has increased with delay in planting, but the percentage of Ash is not affected by different planting dates and densities. According to the results, in order to obtain the highest quantity and quality of forage in Guilan Province, the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 is recommended.