Hossein Ali Alikhani; somayeh emami; Fatemeh Alikhani
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential of rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial isolates isolated from the roots of wheat plant in terms of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and their effect on the wheat yield and decreased phosphorus (P) fertilizer use. To this end, the isolated bacteria have ...
Read More
The present study investigates the potential of rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial isolates isolated from the roots of wheat plant in terms of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and their effect on the wheat yield and decreased phosphorus (P) fertilizer use. To this end, the isolated bacteria have been first screened for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the presence of tryptophan in the culture medium, and then the bacteria have been tested for their ability to dissolve inorganic and organic phosphates. In further laboratory studies, a factorial experiment has been conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications over two-year field study (2017 and 2018). Experimental treatments include biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizer, the former with two levels (with and without bacterial inoculation) and latter (as the second factor) from triple super phosphate source with five (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the full recommended fertilizer rate). Results from this experiment prove that supplementing 75% of the recommended P-fertilizer rate with bacterial isolates (co-inoculation with rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria) increases wheat growth indices and yield (747.40 g m-2), which are statistically equivalent to the full fertilizer rate without them. Based on these results, it is suggested that biofertilizer can be used as a fertilizer supplement to reduce the level of fertilizer use but cannot be a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer.
Asghar Ramezanian; Seyyed Hossein Mirdehghan; Najmeh Roshanzamir
Abstract
In this research the effect of preharvest application of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate on vase life and some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cut rose flowers cvs. ‘Sweet Water’ and ‘Dolsevita’ was investigated. Salicylic acid at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mM and ...
Read More
In this research the effect of preharvest application of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate on vase life and some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cut rose flowers cvs. ‘Sweet Water’ and ‘Dolsevita’ was investigated. Salicylic acid at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mM and methyl jasmonate at 0.1 and 0.2 mM foliar sprayed and distilled water used as control. This experiment was carried out using CRD with four replications. Harvested flowers kept at 3±1°C and 70-80% RH. Results showed that methyl jasmonate at 0.2 and salicylic acid at 0.1 mM on ‘Sweet Water’ and methyl jasmonate at 0.1 mM on ‘Dolsevita’ increased vase life with delay in senescence related processes through increase in solution uptake, increase in relative fresh weight, maintenance of plant membrane stability and stem total carbohydrate. Also, ‘Sweet Water’ with average of 40.56 days compared with ‘Dolsevita’ with average of 27.74 days increased the vase life. Overall, preharvest spray of roses with methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid as a method to increase postharvest quality and maintenance of cut roses is recommendable.
Maryam Dorrani-Nejad; Ali Kazemi Pour; Mohammad Ghader Ghaderi; Ali Akbar Maghsoudi Moud; Roohollah Abdoshahi
Abstract
Objective: World food security depends on two major cereal crops, wheat and rice. Where wheat is more important for its market value and production amount. Grain yield is determined by the achievement and distribution of assimilates in sink organs. Sink size in wheat depends on the number of spikelets ...
Read More
Objective: World food security depends on two major cereal crops, wheat and rice. Where wheat is more important for its market value and production amount. Grain yield is determined by the achievement and distribution of assimilates in sink organs. Sink size in wheat depends on the number of spikelets per spike, grains number per spikelet as well as the grain weight. Hence, increasing spikelet number and sink size is one of the most important breeding targets of wheat. The object of the present study was investigation the genetic of spikes and spikelets in a divers bread wheat population for number of spiklets per spike.Methods: In a bread wheat breeding program for transferring the awn character from Mahdavi to Roshan cultivar, in the second generation of the third backcross (BC3F2), a single plant with large spikes was observed. The mentioned genotype was purified after several selfing. The pure line was named as Roshan-D-01. After the fourth backcross of Roshan-D-01 with the recurrent parent (Roshan) and a selfing generation, a near isogenic population (BC4F2) was developed to study spike length. Spike length along with its related traits was studied in the current population at the research field of Shahid-Bahonar University of Kerman, during growing seasons of 2020-2021.Results: The spike length with the heritability of 0.61 and the response to selection of 14.03% showed a negative significant correlation with days to heading (r=-0.44**) and a positive significant correlation with other traits. Days to heading had a negative significant correlation with all studied traits at this research. This result showed the positive effect of early heading on spike related traits. Among studied traits, flag leaf area with general heritability of 0.53, positive significant correlation with spike length (r=0.60**), the highest Phenotypic and genotypic diversity (PCV=28.5 and GCV=20.69), showed the most response to selection (%R=25.45). The positive correlation between flag leaf area and spike related traits indicate the importance of flag leaf area in improving wheat grain yield. Distribution frequency graph of progenies for spike length, spikelet number per spike and grains number per spike showed that these traits have quantitative inheritance and follow the normal distribution. Transgressive segregation observed for studied traits and the presence of elite lines, in comparison with parents, in the current population allows the introduction of large spikes genotypes with high grains number per spike to develop high-yielding cultivars.Conclusion: Due to high diversity and transgressive segregation observed in the present study, the current population can represent a rich source of spike morphology for use in wheat breeding programs aimed for increasing grain yield potential via increasing grain number. Negative correlation of days to heading with spike related traits indicates the positive effect of early heading on grain yield of bread wheat, especially under end season drought and heat stress conditions. Due to the high, positive and significant correlation between the spike length and flag leaf area, selection for larger flag leaf area could improve grain yield.
FArzaneh Kheiri; Taher Barzegar; Zahra Ghahremani; Vali Rabiei
Abstract
In order to study the effects of chitosan and hot water treatments on storability and fruit quality of sweet pepper "Paks", an experiment was conducted as a factorial design in the base of CRD with three replications.Fruits were treated withchitosan at four levels (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent) and hot water ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of chitosan and hot water treatments on storability and fruit quality of sweet pepper "Paks", an experiment was conducted as a factorial design in the base of CRD with three replications.Fruits were treated withchitosan at four levels (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent) and hot water at 20 and 45ºC (dipping for 2 min time) and 60ºC (dipping for 2o sec time), then stored for 12, 24 and 35 days at 8°C and 98% RH in refrigerator. The results showed that the quality and vitamin Ccontent of fruits decreased during storage. Coating of pepper with chitosan significantly delayed loss of TSS, firmness, vitamin C, weight losses and fruit quality. Pepper coated with 2% chitosan had the highest effect on keeping fruit quality. Hot water had significant effect on fruit quality. Water with 45°C as hot water treatment improved firmness, titrable acidity, vitamin C, visual quality and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Heat damage was observed on fruit dipping at 60°C. According to the results, treatment of 2 percent chitosan with hot water 45°C had the best effect on the studied parameters.
Malihe Akrami Abarghoei; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Gholamreza Rabiei
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of some bio-stimulators on yield and fruit quality of apricot cv. ‘Shekar pareh’ management functions were studied in the spring of 2014 in Abarkouh of Yazd province. The experiment was based on randomized complete blocks design with seven nutritional treatments ...
Read More
In order to evaluate the effect of some bio-stimulators on yield and fruit quality of apricot cv. ‘Shekar pareh’ management functions were studied in the spring of 2014 in Abarkouh of Yazd province. The experiment was based on randomized complete blocks design with seven nutritional treatments included control (water spraying), humic acid one and two per thousand, aminol forte three and six per thousand and humi forte 0.5 and 1 per thousand in four replications. Bio stimulators were applied just spray twice during the growth period including two weeks after full bloom and a month after it. Results showed that the bio-stimulators effects significantly affected the measured traits except for the titratable acidity (based on malic acid), firmness and maturity index. Humic acid treatment reduced physical properties, total soluble solids and vitamin C. Aminol Forte with three per thousand concentrations increased most of the physical and chemical characteristics, but three per thousand to six per thousand concentrations had the effect of decreasing. Humi forte also increases fruit's carotenoid and vitamin C. Therefore, it seems that between treatments, aminol forte bio-stimulator enhanced yield and improve the quality of apricot fruit. Therefore, it can be recommended to spraing of aminol forte with three per thousand concentrations at the suitable time.
Maryam Soltanian; Ali Tadayyon; seafollah falah
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of ...
Read More
To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of no stress, mild, medium and severe stress as main factor and inoculation with Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and no inoculation as sub factor were used. The results showed that the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and water deficit stress treatment were significant on all the measured traits. Interaction between mycorrhiza and water deficit stress was significant on the plant height and shoot dry weight. Based on the results, both species of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae significantly increased the grain yield whereas the treatment inoculated with G. intraradces produced maximum (0.080 kg/m2) and the treatment without inculation with mycorrhiza produced minimum (0.063 kg/m2) grain yield. Maximum (0.097 kg/m2) and minimum (0.050 kg/m2) grain yield were obtained in the treatment under water deficit stress and no-stress conditions, respectively. Keywords: Aboveground dry weight, Grain yield, Inoculation, Irrigation, Stem branch To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of no stress, mild, medium and severe stress as main factor and inoculation with Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and no inoculation as sub factor were used. The results showed that the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and water deficit stress treatment were significant on all the measured traits. Interaction between mycorrhiza and water deficit stress was significant on the plant height and shoot dry weight. Based on the results, both species of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae significantly increased the grain yield whereas the treatment inoculated with G. intraradces produced maximum (0.080 kg/m2) and the treatment without inculation with mycorrhiza produced minimum (0.063 kg/m2) grain yield. Maximum (0.097 kg/m2) and minimum (0.050 kg/m2) grain yield were obtained in the treatment under water deficit stress and no-stress conditions, respectively.
Mehdi Ghiasy-Oskoee; Majid Aghaalikhani; Fatemeh Sefidkon; Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli; Mahdi Ayyari
Abstract
In order to study the effect of N rate and plant density on grain yield and N use efficiency of blessed thistle, a field study was carried out in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications at Research Field of Tarbiat Modares ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of N rate and plant density on grain yield and N use efficiency of blessed thistle, a field study was carried out in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications at Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Treatments comprised of four pure N rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) from urea source and five plant densities (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-2). The main effects of nitrogen and plant density were significant for grain yield, NUE, plant height, SPAD value, root to shoot weight ratio and N content of grain. Increasing N rates increased grain yield, SPAD value, plant height and grain N, but agronomic efficiency, N recovery and utilization were decreased by increasing of N rate; Higher densities resulted in decreased grain yield and chlorophyll index, while improved NUE throughout increment of root to shoot weight ratio and plant height. Novel findings of this study could be used for N management.
mohammad kaveh; mohammad ali esmaili; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Mohammad Reza Ardakani
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of combined application of biochar, Azospirillium lipofrom bacteria and nitrogen in two flooding and intermittent irrigation methods on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Tarom Hashemi’). The experiment is done in split-split ...
Read More
The present study investigates the effect of combined application of biochar, Azospirillium lipofrom bacteria and nitrogen in two flooding and intermittent irrigation methods on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Tarom Hashemi’). The experiment is done in split-split plot arrangement based on a complete randomized block design with three replications at the research farm of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University between two consecutive years of 2017 and 2018. The treatments are two irrigation methods (flooding and alternation irrigation regimes) as main plot and nine fertilizers levels (100%, 75%, and 50% nitrogen in combination with control (without biochar), 20 and 10 tons of biochar per hectare) and seedling inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum (inoculation and non-inoculated control) as sub and sub-sub plots, respectively. According to the significance of the studied factors’ effects on the measured traits, application of 20 tons of biochar along with 75% to 100% of the recommended nitrogen show the greatest impact on rice yield and yield components in both intermittent and flooding irrigation methods. Since, the effectiveness of biochar in imtermittent irrigation is more significant, it can be concluded that the application of 20 tons of biochar per hectare plus 75% to 100% of the recommended nitrogen could greatly compensate the yield reduction due to reduced water consumption in intermittent irrigation, compared to the flooding irrigation.
Farideh Sadeghi; Yousef sohrabi; Adel SioSe Mardeh
Abstract
In order to study the effect of cytokinin, gibberellin, and cycocle on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars under different irrigation regimes, a study was conducted as a split-split experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of cytokinin, gibberellin, and cycocle on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars under different irrigation regimes, a study was conducted as a split-split experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Kurdistan University in 2016. There, the irrigation factor at four levels: dryland, irrigation at booting stage, irrigation at booting + flowering and irrigation at booting + flowering + grain filling stages have served as the main plots, two wheat cultivars (Sirvan and Homa) as sub-plots, and levels of plant growth regulators foliar application including, i.e. control, gibberellin (100 µm), cytokinin (100 µm), and cycocel (3gr. lit-1) at the wheat stem elongation and grain filling stages as the sub-sub plots. Results show that in the foliar application during the stem stage, compared to the dryland treatment, yield increase in one, two, and three irrigation treatments have been 29%, 33%, and 43%, and at the grain filling stage; 22%, 28%, and 33%, respectively. Homa cultivar produced higher yield compared to Sirvan. In the foliar application during the stem stage, the highest grain yield (504 g m-2) belongs to application of three irrigation treatments as well as addition of cytokinin, and at the grain filling stage, the highest grain yield (477.6 g m-2) has been obtained from Homa cultivar under three times irrigation condition and cycocel consumption. Therefore, using even one stage irrigation and the application of cytokinin and cycocel can increase the grain yield of wheat.
Omid Seyed noori; MArefat Mostafavi Rad; Mohammad Hossein Ansari
Abstract
In order to evaluate grain yield and fatty acids in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil as affected by intercropping with corn (Zea mays L.) and different nitrogen rates, an experiment was carried out during 2014-15 cropping season as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
Read More
In order to evaluate grain yield and fatty acids in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil as affected by intercropping with corn (Zea mays L.) and different nitrogen rates, an experiment was carried out during 2014-15 cropping season as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht, Iran. Different rates of nitrogen fertilizer including 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha as main plots and sole cropping of corn and peanut, rows of corn and peanut intercropping at ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 1:2 and 2:2 as sub plots, comprised the experimental factors. The highest corn grain yield (10540 kg/ha) was obtained under the interaction effect between 200 kg N/ha and C6 intercropping system by the ratio of 2:2. The interaction effect between 100 kg N/ha and C5 intercropping system by the ratio of 1:2 showed the greatest peanut grain yield (1786 kg/ha). By increment of nitrogen application, the rate of oleic acid decreased in peanut oil, but the content of linoleic acid enhanced. The highest ratio of oleic acid (27.31%) was observed under corn and peanut intercropping systems at the ratio of 2:1. In general, nitrogen application up to 100 kg/ha and intercropping systems between corn and peanut at the ratio of 2:1 could be recomendable to improve land equivalent ratio and enhancement of grain yield and peanut oil quality under the climatic condition of region.
Tahere Shahmirzaee jeshvaghani; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Abdolrazagh Danesh Shahraki; Ali Tadayyon
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of humic acid foliar application on drought stress effects of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F) Cass), a split plot experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture/Shahrekord University ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of humic acid foliar application on drought stress effects of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F) Cass), a split plot experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture/Shahrekord University in 2016. The main factor consisted of four drought stress levels (60 (control), 100, 140 and 180 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) and the sub factor was including four humic acid levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 liters per hectare). The results showed that the effect of drought stress and humic acid was significant on plant height, number of lateral branches, number of head per unit area, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, chlorophyll, carotenoids and proline (at 1% level of probability). Drought stress caused decreasing and humic acid caused increasing in all traits except of proline. The interaction effect of drought stress and humic acid on number of head per unit area, grain yield, harvest index, proline (at 1% level of probability) and on plant height (at 5% level of probability) was significant.The maximum plant height, number of heads per unit area, grain yield and harvest index were obtained at control with six liters humic acid application per hectare, and the maximum amount of proline was observed at the treatment of 180 mm evaporation with no humic acid application. It is recommended to use 100 mm evaporation regime with 4 liters humic acid application per hectare for more economic profit.
Mehri khesht zar; Seyed Ataollah Siadat
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful in order to study the effect of seed deterioration and plant density on germination, seedling establishment, yield and yield components of hull-less barley with in 2011- 2012. Treatments included three levels of seed deterioration: ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful in order to study the effect of seed deterioration and plant density on germination, seedling establishment, yield and yield components of hull-less barley with in 2011- 2012. Treatments included three levels of seed deterioration: (control, 72 and 96 hours) and five plant densities (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 plants per m2). Results showed that the seed deterioration significantly affected variables of 1000 grain weight, spikes number per m2, fiber percentage, protein percentage, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index (HI) was significant. Further more, plant density significantly affected spike number per m2, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, fiber percentage, protein percentage and biological yield. It can be concluded that use high quality of seeds, in addition to the plants during growth and development, result in yield increase.
Ali Shayanfar; Farshid Ghaderifar; Rahmatollah Behmaram; Afshin Soltani; Hamidreza Sadeghipour
Abstract
Secondary seed dormancy is known as the major reason for seed persistence of canola (Brassica napusL). Volunteer’s rapeseeds emerging from the soil seed bank can lead to unwanted gene dispersal to other plants after breaking secondary seed dormancy. At the current study, secondary dormancy was ...
Read More
Secondary seed dormancy is known as the major reason for seed persistence of canola (Brassica napusL). Volunteer’s rapeseeds emerging from the soil seed bank can lead to unwanted gene dispersal to other plants after breaking secondary seed dormancy. At the current study, secondary dormancy was induced in 41 lines and 5 cultivars of canola under laboratory condition with using polyethylene glycol 6000, during 14 days and secondary seed dormancy recorded. This study was conducted as a randomized complete design. High germination percentage was observed at the all lines and cultivars (higher than 94%), and they were classified at five groups included very low, low, medium, high and very high secondary dormancy using cluster analysis. Among different lines, five genotypes were included at the very low group and two genotypes were included at the very high group. The other lines were placed in average and low groups. It was observed that five varieties (RGS003, Zarfam, Hyola401, Hyola308 and Hyola50) had average secondary dormancy (40-60%) that was related to breeding ignorance about secondary dormancy during seed production process. Lines classification based on different levels of secondary dormancy helps seed producers to select lines with low levels of secondary dormancy along with high yield and other characteristics, in order to deal with problems in seed producing process.
Mohammad Reza Zarea Bavany; Gholamali Peyvast; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Akbar Forghani
Abstract
Salinity is the main limiting environmental factor on plant growth and production. Therefore, finding salinity tolerant cultivars result to increase crop yield and production. However, a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in hydroponic ...
Read More
Salinity is the main limiting environmental factor on plant growth and production. Therefore, finding salinity tolerant cultivars result to increase crop yield and production. However, a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in hydroponic culture. Two salinity levels (0 and 100mM NaCl) were considered the first factor and 26 greenhouse pepper cultivars was the second. Results showed a significant difference for all studied characteristics. Salt stress decreased all characteristics except to total dry matter percent and sodium concentration. The increase in sodium content accompanied with the decrease in potassium, calcium content and growth indices. Results showed a significant negative correlation between sodium with vegetative indices, potassium to sodium ratio, calcium to sodium ratio in all cultivars. Overall, ‘Paramo’, ‘Efests’ and ‘SPADI’ were known as the most tolerant pepper cultivars. According to finding of this study, the characteristics such as shoot sodium content and stress tolerance index can be used for screening salinity tolerance in pepper cultivars.
Mehrab Mehri Charvadeh; Hamid Reza Zakerin; Marefat Mostafavi Rad; Saeed Sayfzadeh; alireza valadabadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) NC2 variety growth as affected by supplementary irrigation and Salicylic acid, this experiment was performed as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research ...
Read More
In order to evaluate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) NC2 variety growth as affected by supplementary irrigation and Salicylic acid, this experiment was performed as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province (Kanroud research station of Astara), Iran, during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Four level of irrigation regimes: no irrigation (rainfed condition), supplementary irrigation at initial flowering stage, supplementary irrigation at pod formation stage and supplementary irrigation at initial flowering + pod formation stages and three levels of salicylic acid (SA): 100, 200 and 300 µmol/l comprised experimental treatments, as main and sub plot, respectively. Drought stress dercreased all measured characteristics in peanut and foliar application of SA at the rate of 300 µmol/l improved all studied characteristics under bath supplementary irrigation and rainfed condition. The greatest pods number per plant (51.57), grain yield (3450 kg/ha) and pod yield (4958 kg/ha) of peanut were obtained under supplementary irrigation at initial flowering + pod formation stages with SA and these agronomic traits increased 38.79, 70.8 and 57.6 percent compared to rainfed comdition, respectively. Results of this reaserch indicated, supplementary irrigation and foliar application of SA at the rate of 300 µmol/l could be recommendable to enhance plant growth and grain yield of peanut under similar climatic condition.
Shahram Nazari; maryam hossieni; Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam; Mohammad Mohammadi
Abstract
In order to determine the phenological differences of some improved rice cultivars in Iran for applying in crop simulation models, an experiment has been conducted in the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in 2020 as a randomized complete block with three replications. The experimental ...
Read More
In order to determine the phenological differences of some improved rice cultivars in Iran for applying in crop simulation models, an experiment has been conducted in the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in 2020 as a randomized complete block with three replications. The experimental treatment consist of six rice cultivars (Rash, Anam, Gohar, SA1, SA6 and M7). Results show that the highest development rate can be observed in development rate in juvenile phase and grain filling phase in Anam cultivar. The minimum and maximum time required to start emergence with 3 and 6 days are in Anam and Gohar cultivars, respectively. The maximum time required to achieve maximum flowering and physiological maturity is obtained with 71 and 103 days in Gohar cultivar. The highest flowering period with 19 and 20 days is obtained in late maturing Rash and Gohar cultivars, respectively. The highest growth degree days (GDD) in beginning of grain filling to maturity stage is observed with 401 GDD for M7 cultivar. The highest growth-day for pre-flowering with 1208 GDD belongs to Gohar cultivar. The highest harvest index is obtained with 50.91% in Gohar cultivar. The results also show that the single grain weight under ideal growing conditions with 0.030 g is observed in Gohar and M7 cultivars. The highest plant height belongs to cultivar M7 with 150 cm and the highest total nitrogen uptake is observed in the plant at maturity of Anam cultivar. Overall, the estimated genetic coefficients in different models differ between cultivars and the coefficients vary in the range defined in the model for different groups of maturity. To accurately calculate the genetic coefficients, it is suggested that this experiment should be repeated over several years and in different ecosystems under rice cultivation.
Parisa Sheikhzadeh; Gholam Behzad; Nasser Zare; Mitra Rostami
Abstract
To investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles application on photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and cold tolerance of oilseed rape, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm station of the University of Mohaghegh ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles application on photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and cold tolerance of oilseed rape, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm station of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of selenium nanoparticles (0 as control, 25, and 50 mg L-1) applied at the 8-6 leaves stage. The results showed that selenium nanoparticles application significantly increased the RWC, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity, winter survival, and grain yields of oilseed rape plants. The highest RWC, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm, proline content, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were obtained with foliar application of 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles. It seems that selenium nanoparticles application significantly increased the winter survival of oilseed rape plants by about 7.18 to 8.94 percent, by improving the Fv/Fm, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, and proline content. Foliar application of 25 and 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles caused about 28.10 and 34.19 percent increase in grain yield of oilseed rape as compared to control (no spraying) treatment, respectively. In general, the application of 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles had positive and significant effects on the photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics, which resulted in increased cold tolerance of the oilseed rape plant.
Maryam Haghighi; Hossein Behboudian
Volume 13, Issue 1 , August 2011, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
The world is facing a dwindling supply of water, therefore deficit irrigation is becoming more of a necessity than a choice. Partial rootzone drying (PRD) is a new water saving irrigation technique where at each irrigation time only one part of the rootzone is watered. The un-irrigated part is watered ...
Read More
The world is facing a dwindling supply of water, therefore deficit irrigation is becoming more of a necessity than a choice. Partial rootzone drying (PRD) is a new water saving irrigation technique where at each irrigation time only one part of the rootzone is watered. The un-irrigated part is watered during the next irrigation. We explored the potential of PRD for `Petopride´ processing tomato. There were two treatments: control (C, normal irrigation) and PRD. We collected data on water relations of vegetative and reproductive organs. PRD saved water by 50% and increased water use efficiency of the plant compared to C. Leaf water potential was more negative under PRD compared to C. Irrigated and non-irrigated roots of PRD had similar water potential and this could have happened by water movement between the two sides of root system. Water potential of fruit was lower in PRD than in C. But pressure potential (turgor potential) was similar between PRD and C fruit. This was indicative of osmotic adjustment (osmoregulation) in PRD fruit. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of osmotic adjustment of fruit under PRD treatment.
Asghar Rahimi; Mohammad Reza Jahansooz; Hamid Rahimian mashhadi; Majid Pouryousef; Shahab Maddah Hosseini
Volume 11, Issue 2 , November 2009, , Pages 49-63
Abstract
Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential characteristics were examined in two plantago species (Plantago ovata Forssk and P. psyllium L.), with gradually improving water stress for several days and permitting to recover by re-watering (withholding for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) in Melbourne ...
Read More
Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential characteristics were examined in two plantago species (Plantago ovata Forssk and P. psyllium L.), with gradually improving water stress for several days and permitting to recover by re-watering (withholding for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) in Melbourne University in 2006. Factorial experiments based on completely randomized design with four replications were used. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased rapidly by withholding water. After re-watering the recovery rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased gradually, as the days became longer. The different rates of recovery of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance followed by drought stress. However, the potentional of photosynthesis recovery was more than stomatal conductance. It is also concluded that French psyllium had higher mesophyl and stomatal conductance recovery when compared to Isabgul, although recovery of photosynthesis in Isabgul was higher than French psyllium. The results showed a clear and close correlation between leaf water potential and recovery level of photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance. A close correlation was also observed between photosynthesis and leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and relative water content.
Mohammad Reza Labbafi; Faribi Meighani; Hamideh Khalaj; Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meibodi; Iraj Allah dadi; Ali Mehrafarin
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, , Pages 49-57
Abstract
Equal-compartment-agar method was used for studying the effect of allelopathic interaction of wheat and some problematic weeds in wheat. This experiment was accomplished as factorial in complete randomized design with 3 replications in weed research department of Crop Protection Research Institute, Tehran, ...
Read More
Equal-compartment-agar method was used for studying the effect of allelopathic interaction of wheat and some problematic weeds in wheat. This experiment was accomplished as factorial in complete randomized design with 3 replications in weed research department of Crop Protection Research Institute, Tehran, Iran during 2006. The treatments were Niknejad cultivar in 4 densities 0, 8, 16 and 24 seedlings in glass tube and wheat weed spices: rye, oat, field bindweed and hairy vetch. The results indicated that the length of weeds was affected by wheat exudates more than their dry weight and similarly, rootlet was affected more than hypocotyl. In general growth of monocot species was decreased by wheat more than that of dicot species. Except hypocotyl length and dry weight, the increase in wheat density added the inhibition on weeds. Weed species had significant effect only on wheat hypocoty length and dry weight. mean while, oat was shown to be the most inhibitor. Except seedling hypocotyl length and dry weight, treatment of 16 wheat seedling density, caused the increase in wheat growth and dry weight.
Hossein Nastari Nasrabadi; Hossein Nemati; Ali Reza Sobhani; Hossein Aroiee
Abstract
Using mulch to decrease and optimize water use, increase yield and fruit quality is known as a practical method. For this purpose, a split-factorial experiment based on complete block design with three replications on two melon cultivars was conducted in Torbat-e-Jam, Iran. Interval irrigation treatments ...
Read More
Using mulch to decrease and optimize water use, increase yield and fruit quality is known as a practical method. For this purpose, a split-factorial experiment based on complete block design with three replications on two melon cultivars was conducted in Torbat-e-Jam, Iran. Interval irrigation treatments in three levels (six, eight and 10 days) were considered as main plot and mulch (rice straw and paddy, plastic and no mulch) and cultivar (Khatooni and Ghasri) were considered as sub plots in a factorial design. Results showed that there was a significant difference between plastic mulch and the control and also between interval irrigation treatments for yield, sugar percentage, resistance to damping off and spider mite, leaf area and soil moisture. The largest leaf area and soil moisture was observed with plastic mulch. The largest contamination to spider mite and damping off were occurred using straw plus paddy rice mulch. Plastic mulch increased the sugar percentage of both cultivars as well. Plastic mulch for six day interval irrigation increased yield and fruit quality through increased yield and fruit quality to increase for more than eight day interval irrigation. Regarding the advantages of plastic mulch for reduction of water use and improvement of yield and fruit quality, using plastic mulches is recommended for dry lands.
Faribi Meighani; Seyed Mohammad Mirvakili; Mohammad Ali Baghestani
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 61-73
Abstract
This research was undertaken to determine the comparative phenology of swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum) in pistachio orchards and investigate the possibilities of its integrated management as a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications during 2007. The treatments consisted ...
Read More
This research was undertaken to determine the comparative phenology of swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum) in pistachio orchards and investigate the possibilities of its integrated management as a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications during 2007. The treatments consisted using Paraquat, Glyphosate, Triclopyr and removine the weed. The results indicated that swallow wort growth started from emerging at zero GDD and ends at 2848 cumulative GDD. Formation of pistachio shell was almost at the same time with the beginning of flowering and pollination of swallow wort and pistachio harvesting were taken during the middle of swallow worth fruiting. The corresponding stages for pistachio had cumulative GDD 2365. Overall, two times weed removal + Triclopyr was the best treatment for reduction of swallow worth stem number. Three times Paraquat three l/ha was the best treatment for reducing in swallow wort stem biomass (97%).
Masoumeh Naeimi; Gholam Ali Akbari; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Seyed Ahmad Sadat nouri
Volume 12, Issue 2 , November 2010, , Pages 63-71
Abstract
To evaluate the drought stress effect at terminal growth stage on yield of 12 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted with split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj-Iran during 2005-06. ...
Read More
To evaluate the drought stress effect at terminal growth stage on yield of 12 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted with split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj-Iran during 2005-06. Irrigation at two levels (irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from class A pan, as control and withholding irrigation from silique formation until crop maturing time, as stress conditins allowcated to main plots and twelve rapeseed cultivars were used in sub plots. The number of silique in main stem, number of silique in lateral branches, silique fertility ratio and grain yield were low in drought stress conditions (p< 0.05). There were significant variations in all studied traits between evaluated cultivars. Grain yield in drought stress treatment was decreased (30%), when silique abortion was occurred due to water stress. In full irrigation treatment (control), the grain yield of Orient cultivar (2817 kg.ha-1) and at drought conditions, the grain yield of Opera cultivar (2058 kg.ha-1) were the highest amounts. The lowest oil percentage (39.8) and the highest protein percentage (23.3) were for Talaye cultivar, while the highest oil percentage (42.6) was for Option500 cultivar.
Majid Jafaraghaei; Amir hooshang Jalali
Abstract
To investigate the effect of water treatment and plant density on yield and yield components of two cotton cultivar, a two-year experiment (2006-2007) was carried out in Esfahan Agricultural Research Center. The use of a split plot factorial based on complete block with four replications for study. Two ...
Read More
To investigate the effect of water treatment and plant density on yield and yield components of two cotton cultivar, a two-year experiment (2006-2007) was carried out in Esfahan Agricultural Research Center. The use of a split plot factorial based on complete block with four replications for study. Two irrigation levels 135 (I1) and 180 (I2) mm of cumulative pan evaporation Class A, from flowering stage to the end of growth were assigned as main plots and treatment combination of two varieties of Mehr and Oltan of cotton and plant spacing 12, 15 and 18 cm (respectively, 120.95 and 80 thousand plants ha-1) were assigned made up as subplots. The results showed that both cultivars Mehr and Oltan in the density of 95 thousand plants per hectare in I1 irrigation treatments, respectively, with 2805 and 2745 kg ha-1 of yields produced the highest levels of yield compared to other treatments. In the I2 irrigation treatment and 95 thousand plants ha-1 density, Oltan cultivars producing 2119 kg ha-1, and had lowest yield compared to other treatments. In both cultivars in 95 thousand plants ha-1, between the two treatments of irrigation levels, no significant differences in terms of leaf dry weight. The results showed that irrigation after flowering phase until the end of growth, based on 135 mm evaporation basin A and the density of 95 thousand plants ha-1 can be proposed, for both cultivars studied.
alireza mohseni; Raouf Seyed sharif; saeid khomari
Abstract
In order to study the effect of bio fertilizers and putrescine on yield and some traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Mohaghegh ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of bio fertilizers and putrescine on yield and some traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, during 2018-2019. The factors include irrigation (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of heading and booting stages), bio fertilizers (no bio fertilizer, application of mycorrhiza, both application Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim) and putrescine foliar application (foliar application with water as control, foliar application with 0.5 and 1 mM of putrescine). Comparison of the means showed that the maximum amount of relative water content of flag leaf; chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance and quantum yield were obtained in full irrigation, application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim and foliar application 1 mM of putrescine. Foliar application 1 mM of putrescine increased grain yield of about 8.5% in comparison with no application of putrescine. Also, the highest grain yield (799.44 and 746.38 g.m-2) were obtained with application of both Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, as well as application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, respectively under full irrigation conditions. In the meantime, the lowest (403.42 g.m-2) belongs to the treatment under irrigation withholding in booting stage, without the application of bio fertilizer. It seems that application of putrescine and bio fertilizers can increase grain yield of wheat under water limitation conditions as it improves some physiological traits.