Zeinab Alipoor; khodayar Hemmati; Khalil Zaynalinezhad; Mohammad Kheyrkhah
Abstract
Objective: Comparison of morphological and phytochemical characteristics of annual and perennial wild and cultivated Kakuti in Razavi, North and South Khorasan provinces.
Methods: In this study, Ziziohora tenuior and Ziziphora clinopodioides was studied in sex region in Razavi, North and South Khorasan ...
Read More
Objective: Comparison of morphological and phytochemical characteristics of annual and perennial wild and cultivated Kakuti in Razavi, North and South Khorasan provinces.
Methods: In this study, Ziziohora tenuior and Ziziphora clinopodioides was studied in sex region in Razavi, North and South Khorasan province in 2021.Plant samples were collected from each region and was planted in pots. The experimental design used in this experiment was a nested design with four replications.Also, by referring to the places where plants were collected in the target areas, all the morphological and phytochemical traits were measured for wildplants.
Results: Based on the results the most percentage of essential oil in annual and perennial kakuti belonging to Qain (0.75%) and Qochan (2.29%) respectively. Also, the percentage of pulgone in the annual kakuti in Bardeskan was higher than other studied cities (77.58%). The highest alphapinene (0.42%) and sabinen (1.31%) percentage of annual kakuti was belonging to Bojnord while of perennial kakuti essence in Qochan (0.89%) and bijnord (1.23%) was more than other cities.
Conclusion: The amount of phenol, flavonoid and antioxidan activity in annual and perennial kakuti under natural conditions and in Sarayan was higher than other treatments. Annual and perennial kakuti belonging to Bojnord had higher wet and dry yields than other ecotypes, while kakuti belonging to Sarayan had superiority in phytochemical characteristics.
ali ashori; Manoochehr Gholipoor; Ahmad Gholami; Hamid Abbasdokht
Abstract
Objective: The effect of magnetic and superabsorbent water was investigated on some morphophysiological traits and performance of cumin under a low irrigation regime.Methods: An experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 1399-1400 in the research fields of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahrood ...
Read More
Objective: The effect of magnetic and superabsorbent water was investigated on some morphophysiological traits and performance of cumin under a low irrigation regime.Methods: An experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 1399-1400 in the research fields of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahrood University of Technology in two districts of Rahnjan and Garman of Shahrood city in a factorial format in the form of a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Irrigation water type treatment at two levels (normal and magnetic) and locations (Rahanjan, Garman) with different climatic conditions and altitude above sea level as the main factor and superabsorbent treatment at three levels (zero, 100 and 200 kg/ha) as a secondary factor. Was considered. In all treatments, irrigation was applied based on 100% of plant water needs.Results: The results showed location, type of irrigation and different concentrations of superabsorbent had a positive and significant effect on the growth characteristics. In the Rahnjan region, due to the climatic conditions and higher average annual temperature and the treatment of 100 and 200 kg/ha of superabsorbent and the use of magnetic water, the highest amount of plant height, percentage and yield of essential oil and protein, soluble carbohydrates were observed.Conclusion: According to the results, most of the traits in the Rahnjan region had higher values than in the German region, and plant cultivation in the Rahnjan region is economical.
Mohammad Nasri; zahra karimi; Meysam Oveisi; Pourang Kasraie; Hamidreza Larijani
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different levels of foliar applications of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on biochemical characteristics and yield of Thymus vulgaris under drought stress conditions, a split factorial experiment has been performed based on randomized complete design with three replications ...
Read More
To investigate the effect of different levels of foliar applications of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on biochemical characteristics and yield of Thymus vulgaris under drought stress conditions, a split factorial experiment has been performed based on randomized complete design with three replications during cropping seasons of 2019-2020 in Varamin region. The main factor include irrigation levels (60 (normal) and 110 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan (drought stress)), with the sub factors being different levels of foliar application of salicylic acid (three level: control (zero), 25, and 50 mg l-1) and jasmonic acid (three level: control (zero), one, and two mg l-1). The effect of irrigation× foliar application treatments has been significant for all studied traits at 1%. The highest plant height (38.2 cm), wet and dry weights (7112.3 and 1778.7 kg h-1), percentage of secondary metabolites (essential oil 0.28 and thymol 60.9%), and concentrations of salicylic and jasmonic acid of leaves and the lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX) of thyme are observed in normal irrigation with 50 and 2 mg -1 salicylic and jasmonic acid treatment. Thus, external use of salicylic and jasmonic acid (50 and 2 mg -1) in drought stress conditions can be considered in improving related traits of yield and increasing the production of thyme.
sara Najafi; Issa Khammari; ahmmad ghanbari; mahdi dahmard
Abstract
Additive intercropping series of sunflower and basil have been laid out under salty and fresh water irrigation management with the aim of achieving the highest yield and intercropping advantage as a result of intercropping the two plants. An experiment has been performed at Zabol University during two ...
Read More
Additive intercropping series of sunflower and basil have been laid out under salty and fresh water irrigation management with the aim of achieving the highest yield and intercropping advantage as a result of intercropping the two plants. An experiment has been performed at Zabol University during two cropping years (2018 and 2019). Fresh water (ECe = 3.9 dS.m-1) and saline water (ECe = 1.1 dS.m-1) have been taken from the Hirmand River and a local well, respectively. The irrigation water regimes are fresh water, salt water, and an alternating usage of salty and fresh irrigation water. In addition, five types of intercropping patterns are considered the sub-factors (100% sunflower (4 plants/m2), 100% basil (80 plants/m2), 100% sunflower+ 50% basil, 50% sunflower + 100% basil and 100% sunflower + 100% basil. The results show that the interaction between intercropping patterns and different irrigation regimes has had a significant effect on 1000 seed weight, seed yield, harvest index, oil yield of sunflower, dry weight, and essential oil yield of basil plants. In response to all irrigation regimes, the highest value of total land equivalent ratio (1.37-1.45) and intercropping advantage (0.29 - 0.48) has occurred as a result of cultivating 50% sunflower + 100% basil, thereby appearing as a good model of intercropping. The results show that intercropping patterns can be effective in modulating the negative effects of saline irrigation water on plant yield.
fereshteh darabi; Nosratollah Abbasi; Mohammad Javad Zarea
Abstract
This paper aims at evaluating the effects of putrescine and 24-epibrasinolide on altering the activity of antioxidant enzymes to tolerate drought stress in basil. The plan has been implemented as factorial split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the cropping ...
Read More
This paper aims at evaluating the effects of putrescine and 24-epibrasinolide on altering the activity of antioxidant enzymes to tolerate drought stress in basil. The plan has been implemented as factorial split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the cropping years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. Experimental treatments include drought stress at three levels (40, 80, and 120 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) as the main plots, putrescine foliar application at three levels (0, 0.5, and 2 (mM) and 24- Epibrassinolid foliar application at three levels (0, 0.5, and 2 μM) as subplots. Results show that the highest amount of proline in 120 mm occurs during the first year of the experiment and the use of putricin (2 mM) and 24-epibrasinolide (0.5 μM) also cause a further increase in proline. The highest amount of catalase has been observed in the 120 mm evaporation treatment and the application of 2 mM putrescine. The interaction of drought stress, putrescine, and 24-epiprasinolide also show that the highest levels of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase belong to the treatment of 120 mM where the highest concentrations of putrescine (2 mM) and 24-epibrasinolide (2 μM) is observed. Under optimal irrigation conditions (40 mm), the combined application of lower concentrations of putrescine (0.5 mM) and epibrasinolide (0.5 μM) and under drought stress conditions (80 and 120 mm), higher concentrations of these two substances (2 mM putrescine and 2 μM epibrasinolide) increase the enzyme guaiacol peroxidase. Multiple interactions of year, drought stress, putrescine, and 24-epibrasinolide have had a significant effect on total flavonoids and essential oil percentage of basil. In both experimental years, application of 2 mM putrescine and 2 μM 24-epibrasinolide at all levels of drought stress 120 mm cause a further increase in these two traits which has been greater in the first year than the second one. Concomitant use of 2 mM putrescine and 2 μM epibracinolide due to increased proline synthesis and antioxidant enzymes is the best treatment to reduce the effects of drought stress in basil, indicating a synergistic relation between the two. The substance boosts the growth of basil, increasing the percentage of its essence.
mehdi taheri asghari
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of amino acids fertilization and mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Calendula officinalis L., a factorial layout has been conducted, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of amino acids fertilization and mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Calendula officinalis L., a factorial layout has been conducted, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the field of the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 years. Experimental factors include three species of mycorrhiza fungi (control, Glomus mosseae, G.etunicatum and G.intradices) and Soren amino acid fertilizer levels (this commercial compound contains a variety of essential amino acids for the plant) include no foliar application and foliar application in two stages of stem and flowering. The results show that inoculation with mycorrhiza species has been significant for all studied traits in this test. Also, the effect of amino acid fertilizer has had a significant effect on all traits, except essential oil percentage and extract yield. Among the mycorrhizae used in this experiment, Glomus mosseae is able to be superior over other fungi in most traits. The highest seed yield is obtained from amino acid fertilizer and Glomus mosseae with 2343 kg / ha and the highest essential oil yield is in Glomus mosseae with 7.74 kg / ha. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of amino acid fertilizers with inoculation with mycorrhiza has a positive effect on the traits of marigold.
seyedeh roghaye hosseini valiki; Rahmat Abbasi; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Vahid Akbarpour
Abstract
Weed infestation in arable lands is much more than one species. Thus, it is important to pay attention to the interaction of multy species of weeds. To study the effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv) interference on yield and essential ...
Read More
Weed infestation in arable lands is much more than one species. Thus, it is important to pay attention to the interaction of multy species of weeds. To study the effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv) interference on yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), an experiment has been done in Research field of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2017. It has been arranged in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications with the experimental factors being three densities of redroot pigweed (0, 4, and 8 plants m-2) and three densities of barnyardgrass (0, 4, and 8 plants m-2). The highest grain yield (2230 kg ha-1) and essential oil content (2 %) are obtained at weed free plots. The density of 8 redroot pigweed plants m-2 at simultaneous interference with 0, 4, and 8 barnyard grass m-2 reduce grain yield by 30.1%, 62.9%, and 75.7%, and essential oil content by 24.5%, 26.2%, and 29.5%, respectively, compared with weed free plots. The coefficient of redroot pigweed competitivity is predicted to be higher than barnyardgrass, and the interference of 14.5 barnyardgrass plants m-2 or 7.7 redroot pigweed plants m-2 decreases fennel grain yield by 50%.
Zeynab- Kobra Pishva; Majid Amini-Dehaghi; Amir Bostani; Amir-Mohammad Naji
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on yield traits, essence percentage, and the amount of nitrogen in cumin stem and leaves under different irrigation regimens, an experiment has been conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on yield traits, essence percentage, and the amount of nitrogen in cumin stem and leaves under different irrigation regimens, an experiment has been conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2016-2017 crop season at the Research Field of Agriculture Faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. In this experiment, the main plot is consisted of different irrigation regimes at three levels (no stress, mild stress or irrigation based on draining 40% of available water, and severe stress or irrigation based on draining 80% of available water) and the subplot includes four levels of nitrogen fertilizer treatments (100% and 50% fertilizer recommendation of nitrogen (urea), seed stained biofertilizer application (Nitroxin), and combination treatment of biofertilizer and 50% fertilizer recommendation nitrogen). The results show that increasing deficit irrigation at a mild level and, above that, at a severe level, while increasing the percentage of essence, has had a significant negative effect on yield and yield components, total chlorophyll, shoot nitrogen concentration, and essence yield. Application of combination nitrogen fertilizer (urea + Nitroxin) while increasing the yield and yield components of Cumin, increase the percentage and yield of essence, and shoot nitrogen concentration, generally causing the most desirable quantitative and qualitative yield of Cumin.
Saeid Davazdahemami; Shekofe Enteshari; Marzyeh Allahdadi; shahram yasmani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline water, namely 2.5 (control), 6, 9, and 18 dS.m-1. The determined traits include the yield, biochemical parameters, mineral contents, and seed essential oil content and quality. Results show that increasing salinity decreases biological yield and seed yield. Changes in essential oil components, caused by salinity, have been low, showing no specific trend. The major compound in the seed essential oil of C. capticum is thymol (56.1% to 61.2% of the essential oil). The highest concentration of total protein (root: 3.6 and shoot: 8.2 mg g-1 DW) is assigned to the control treatment, dropping significantly as salinity levels rise. Increasing salinity enhances the amount of proline and reducing sugars so that the highest amount of root proline, equal to 12 mg g-1 FW, and reducing sugars (root: 30.5 and shoot: 62 mg g-1 DW) comes from salinity of 18 dS.m-1. Increasing salinity levels raises the amount of phenolic compounds in the shoot, though this increase has not been considerable. The treatment of 18 dS.m-1 has had the lowest concentration of K+ (root: 5 and shoot: 22 mg g-1 DW) and the highest concentration of Na+ (root: 54 and shoot: 64 mg g-1 DW).It can be concluded that by increasing salinity levels, the amount of resistant osmolytes rises.
Rostam YazdaniBiouki; Hossein Beyrami
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on some growth and yield traits of Damask Rose, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Research Greenhouse of National Salinity Research Center during 2018-19 growing season. The ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on some growth and yield traits of Damask Rose, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Research Greenhouse of National Salinity Research Center during 2018-19 growing season. The treatments were four levels of salinity: 2 (control), 5, 8 and 11 dS/m and three levels of GB: without application (control), spraying with 50 mM and 100 mM concentrations. The results showed that the main effect of salinity stress was significant on all studied characteristics, except branch number per plant and petal number. Moreover, the main effect of GB was significant on all measured traits, except branch number per plant, petal number, height and petal weight/flower weight ratio. The most flower number per plant, flower yield and essential oil yield were observed in stressed plants at 2, 5 and 8 dS/m salinity, had more 7.5 flower, 29.5 g flower weight per plant and 6 mg essential oil per plant than 11 dS/m, respectively. The interaction results between salinity stress and foliar application of glycine betaine showed that the treated plants with 2 dS/m and 100mM GB had the highest height (71 cm) and the treated plants with 10 dS/m and without application of GB had the lowest height (40 cm). In general, using 50 mM GB and without salinity stress caused the highest Damask Rose weight.
Roghayeh Mohammadpour Vashvaei; Ahmad Ghanbari; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Mahmood Ramroudi; Mehdi Dahmardeh
Abstract
Today, in order to have a sustainable agricultural system, it is necessary to use the inputs that improve the ecological aspects of the system and reduce environmental hazards. In this regards, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, ...
Read More
Today, in order to have a sustainable agricultural system, it is necessary to use the inputs that improve the ecological aspects of the system and reduce environmental hazards. In this regards, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Research Station of Bayakola, during 2016. Experimental treatments were plant nutrition with NPK, animal manure, compost, vermicompost and control (no chemical and organic fertilizer) as main plot and bio-phosphate, nitroxin, nitroxin + bio-phosphate, nano bioumik and control (no bio and nano bio-fertilizer) as subplot. Effects of organic and inorganic, bio and nano bio-fertilizer treatments and their interactions on all studied traits were significant (P≤0.01). The highest amounts of all studied traits were obtained in vermicompost in combination with nano bioumik fertilizers treatment. The result of factor analysis also confirmed this. Therefore, with respect to the production of medicinal plants in the low-input cropping systems and to achieve sustainable agriculture and environmental protection, using vermicompost in combination with nano bioumik treatment was suitable for improving plant growth and increasing seed yield of datura
Ghasem Hosein Talaei; Ahmad Ghanbari; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Hasan Habibi; SEYYED MOHSEN MOUSSAVI NIK
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different tillage systems and fertilization on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin as split randomized complete block design with three replicates in Delfan during 2016. Main plot included three different tillage system; 1( conventional ...
Read More
An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different tillage systems and fertilization on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin as split randomized complete block design with three replicates in Delfan during 2016. Main plot included three different tillage system; 1( conventional (mold board plough, chisel plough and disk), 2 (minimum tillage (chisel plough and disk) and 3( zero tillage (disk) and subplots comprised eight different combinations of organic and chemical fertilizer; 1) control, i.e. without any dose of manure and fertilizers, 2) 25 kg N ha-1, 3) 10 ton vermicompost ha-1, 4) 20 ton cow manure ha-1, 5) 20 ton municipal solid waste compost ha-1, 6) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent vermicompost, 7) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent cow manure and 8) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent compost. Results indicated that the highest grain yield (81.53 g/m-2) and biological yield (210.41 g/m-2) achieved in minimum tillage and application of cow manure, while the least quantities of these parameters was observed in zero tillage and control. In addition, the greatest essential oil percentage and yield attained in minimum tillage and application of 10 ton vermicompost, which was 25 and 28 percent greater than control. The results suggested that to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin application of manure and vermicompost along with minimum tillage is recommended.
Moslem Mousavian; Eidi Bazgir; Aref Moradpour
Abstract
Cinnamon essential oil has been used for centuries to protect food from microbiological infection and in the last ten years. Cinnamon essential oil is also incorporated into food packaging materials as antimicrobial agent. The Main objectiveof the present study was to determine the antifungal activity ...
Read More
Cinnamon essential oil has been used for centuries to protect food from microbiological infection and in the last ten years. Cinnamon essential oil is also incorporated into food packaging materials as antimicrobial agent. The Main objectiveof the present study was to determine the antifungal activity of cinnamon essential oil against Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum fungi isolated from grapes, tomato, and orange. Cinnamon Essential oil was extracted by the Clevenger-type apparatus and identification and amount of the essential oil was performed by using chromatography–mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Analysis of the total essential oil content showed that cinnamaldehyde (89.51%), cinnamyl acetate (4.56%), cinnamaldehyde (p-methoxy) (0.97%) and cubebene (0.29%) were the major constituents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cinnamon oil against B.cinerea, A. niger and P. digitatum were 200 µl/l and minimum fungicidal concentrations were 400 µl/l for three pathogens. The antifungal activity of cinnamon oil against A. niger and B.cinerea was stronger than that against P. digitatum in MIC concentration and the activity was improved with increasing its concentration. In vivo study, the fungi in the vicinity of concentration 600 µl/l of cinnamon essential oil grown in fruits, 11.53% for strawbery, 7.30% for tomato and 10.10% for orange. These results revealed that cinnamon essential oil has a good potential to be as a natural antifungal agent for control postharvest fruit and vegetables disease.
siavash ariafar; Ali Reza Sirousmehr
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water stress and municipal compost on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Nigella sativa, this experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran in a complete randomized block in split plot design with three ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of water stress and municipal compost on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Nigella sativa, this experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran in a complete randomized block in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included irrigation intervals: Every seven days (without stress), every nine days (mild stress) and every 12 days (severe stress) and municipal compost treatments include: without municipal compost application (control), 10, 20 and 30 tons per hectare. The results showed that the effect of water stress was significant on the biological and seed yield, proline and chlorophyll (a). Also biological yield, grain yield and chlorophyll (a) decreased in water stress condition. But proline content in leaves increased with increasing stress level. According to results highest biological yield, grain yield, essential oil percentage, proline, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were obtained In municipal compost application. The Interaction between water stress and municipal compost treatments on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were significant. According to results, the best treatment at the increase on seed yield and essential oil content were application 30 tons per hectares of municipal compost in Zabol weather conditions.
mahboubeh Ashnavar; Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar; Vahid Akbarpour; Nayereh Ghorbani
Abstract
Fertilizer management is one of the most important factors in successful cultivation of medicinal plants. Meanwhile, identification of eco-friendly and suitable fertilizers could have favorable effects on quantitative and qualitative indexes of plant. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted based ...
Read More
Fertilizer management is one of the most important factors in successful cultivation of medicinal plants. Meanwhile, identification of eco-friendly and suitable fertilizers could have favorable effects on quantitative and qualitative indexes of plant. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted based on factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors, nanophosphorus for foliar application (0, 2 and 4 g.l-1) in three stages and vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 percent by weight of pot soil), in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University with three replications in 2014. Results indicated that all traits such as number of flower per plant, fresh and dry flower yield, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield and kamauzolen percentage were affected by different fertilizer treatments. The highest number of flower per plant, fresh and dry flower yield and essential oil yield was obtained using 2 g.l-1 nanophosphorus + 10 percent vermicompost and the lowest amount was belonged to control. The maximum essential oil percentage (4.46 percent) was obtained by applying the highest levels of fertilizer (4 g.l-1 nanophosphorus + 10 percent vermicompost) that increased 43 percent compared to the control. Also, kamauzolen percentage was the highest amount in control (15.9 percent) which positioned in the same statistical level with 2 g.l-1 nanophosphorus + 5 percent vermicompost (15.43 percent).
Maryam Jafari; Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad; Mohammad Feizian
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of super-absorbent and manure on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of geranium under deficit irrigation at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2014. The experiment was arranged factorially ...
Read More
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of super-absorbent and manure on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of geranium under deficit irrigation at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2014. The experiment was arranged factorially based on a completely randomized design with six replications. Factor A was substrate consisted of control, 1 and 2 percent super-absorbent, or 25 percent manure and factor B was irrigation with 3, 5 or 7 d interval. The results showed that as irrigation frequency decreased, plant growth and oil yield decreased and oil content, malondialdehyde, proline, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Both manure and super-absorbent improved plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics under deficit irrigation. However, the effects of manure were more pronounced, so that the values for most characteristics, like, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight and oil content of plants grown in substrate including manure irrigated with 7d interval were the same as those of control plants irrigated with 3d interval. The highest water use efficiency for oil production was found in plants grown in substrate including manure in all irrigation frequencies as well as plants grown in substrate including two percent super-absorbent irrigated with 7d interval. According to these results and due to abundance, cheapness and environmental sustainability, using 25 percent in volume manure in substrate could be recommended to increase water use efficiency.
Hasan Mosapour Yahyaabadi; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour
Abstract
In this study, the effect of drought and different concentrations of silicon was examined on seed yield, essential oil percentage and physio-chemicals properties in fennel plant. The experimental design was a split plot with three irrigation regimes: irrigation at 100, 70 and 40 percent of FC comprising ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of drought and different concentrations of silicon was examined on seed yield, essential oil percentage and physio-chemicals properties in fennel plant. The experimental design was a split plot with three irrigation regimes: irrigation at 100, 70 and 40 percent of FC comprising the main treatments, and five levels of silicon foliar sprays (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM) as sub-treatments that were applied with three replications. The experiment was conducted in 2014 at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran. Limited irrigation significantly decreased chlorophyll, carotenoids, leaf relative water content, while electrolyte leakage showed a 2 -fold increase over the control. In limited irrigation conditions 7.5 mM silicon increased relative water content, chlorophyll, antocianine, proline and soluble sugare by 38, 30, 38, 12 and 22 percent, respectively, while decreased electrolyte leakage by 28 perent over the control. These results suggested that silicon spraying by photosynthetic pigments and soluble osmolytes increasing could increase the ability of plants to drought stress, and in this way increased seed yield by 61 percent under severe stress conditions.
Emel Moghadam; Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani; Ahmad Farrokhian Firozi; Zahra Ramazani; Farkhondeh Eskandari
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelate and iron chelate fertilizers on morphological traits and essential oil content of holy basil, an experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Horticultural, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz based on randomized complete ...
Read More
To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelate and iron chelate fertilizers on morphological traits and essential oil content of holy basil, an experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Horticultural, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz based on randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were including control, nano iron chelate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/l) and iron chelate (1 and 1.5 g/l) fertilizers. Foliar application of fertilizers was done at six to eight leaves stage and was repeated with 15 days interval until the end of the study. Intended traits were measured at full bloom stage. The results showed that the effect of foliar application of iron fertilizers on morphological traits such as plant height, axillaries shoots, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of leaf and aerial parts and essential oil content of holy basil were significant. The highest and lowest values of mentioned traits were obtained in plants sprayed with 1 g/lnano iron chelate and control, respectively. Overall, regarding to non-significant difference between 1 and 1.5 g/lnano iron chelate and 1.5 g/liron chelate treatments, for increasing mentioned traits of holy basil, foliar application of nano iron chelate with 1g/l is recommended.
Esmaeil Rezaei-chiyaneh; Jalal Jalilian; Elnaz Ebrahimian; Seyed Mohamad Seyedi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a field experiment was conducted at a farm located in West Azerbaijan province - city Nagadeh, Iran during growing season of 2012-2013. The ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a field experiment was conducted at a farm located in West Azerbaijan province - city Nagadeh, Iran during growing season of 2012-2013. The experiment was arranged as split plot based on Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The main plots were allocated to irrigation levels (Irrigation after 50 mm (control), 100 mm (moderate water stresses) and 150 mm (severe water stresses) evaporation from class A pan) and sub-plots were allotted to biological fertilizers (Mycorrhiza, the combination of Azotobacter and Barvar Phosphate-2, Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Barvar Phosphate-2 and control). Results showed that by increasing irrigation times from 50 to 150 mm evaporation, plant height, number of umbel per plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, seed yield and concentration and content of essential oil in ajowan were significantly decreased. Among the biological fertilizers, combined usage of biofertilizers (Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Barvar Phosphate-2) showed greater increment in studied traits than individual consumption. In each irrigation levels (Irrigation after 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation), the highest seed yield (783 kg/ha) was obtained from combined usage of biofertilizers and the lowest seed yield (400 kg/ha) belonged to control treatment, respectively.
Alireza Pirzad; Manoochehr Alizade; Abdollah Hassanzadeh Gorttapeh; Reza Darvishzade
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of gamma rays on the seeds and amounts of nitrogen on growth and yield of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita synonym Matricaria chamomilla), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Agriculture College ...
Read More
To evaluate the effect of gamma rays on the seeds and amounts of nitrogen on growth and yield of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita synonym Matricaria chamomilla), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Agriculture College of Shahid-Beheshti.-Urmia in 2010. Treatments were gamma rays from cobalt-60 on chamomile seeds cv. ‘Bodegold’ (zero, four, eight, 12, 16, and 20 Gray) and different levels of nitrogen (zero, 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha, urea after appearance of the 4th leaf). The highest leaf dry weight per plant (12.5 g) and per hectare (4194 kg/ha), stem dry weight per plant (49 g) and biomass (19995 kg/ha) were obtained at 8 gray and 100, 100, 150, and 150 kg/ha of nitrogen. The highest dried flower yield at the second harvest (104 kg/ha) were obtained from 20 gray by 100 kg/ha nitrogen, and the yield of the third harvest (122 kg/ha) was from 20 gray of gamma irradiation. While, the highest flower yield at the first harvest (419 kg/ha) and total yield (533 kg/ha) were produced from 0 gray and 150 kg/ha nitrogen. Essential oil percent did not affected by treatments, but despite the significant interaction effect of gamma irradiation and nitrogen on the yield of essential oil, means comparison showed no significant differences among treatments. Yield of dried flower in the first harvest, had the greatest impact on the harvest index.
Mostafa Darvish nia; Abdolhosein Rezaei Nejad; Bahram Delfan
Abstract
To investigate the antifungal effects of essential oils of Khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad), Rechingeri savory (S. rechingeri Jamzad), carvacrol and Benomyl on Botrytis cinerea, this study was carried out in a PDA medium, and on grapes, kiwi fruits and strawberry. The experiment was laid ...
Read More
To investigate the antifungal effects of essential oils of Khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad), Rechingeri savory (S. rechingeri Jamzad), carvacrol and Benomyl on Botrytis cinerea, this study was carried out in a PDA medium, and on grapes, kiwi fruits and strawberry. The experiment was laid out factorially based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that essential oil of Khuzestani savory, Carvacrol and Benomyl had greater antifungal effects compared with that in essential oil of Rechingeri savory. The main components of essential oil of Khuzestani savory were Carvacrol (91.16 Percent), p-Cymene (1.26 Percent), γ-Terpenen (0.74 Percent). The main components of essential oil of Rechingeri savory were Carvacrol (77.2 Percent), p-Cymene (1.26 Percent), γ-Terpenen (1.62 Percent). Essential oil of Khuzestani savory with concentrations of 200 ml, Carvacrol and Benomyl in all concentrations used showed 100 percent fungal inhibitory effects. The results of experiments in medium and on fruits showed that the antifungal effects of essential oils increased as their concentration increased.
Fatemeh Sefidkon; Seys Reza Tabayi Aghdayi; Meysam Ansari; Zahra Behrad; Fatemeh Asgari
Abstract
Satureja sahendica Bornm. is an endemic medicinal plant which grows wild in natural habitats of west and north-west regions of Iran. In this study, for domestication of Satureja sahendica and study it's essential oil content and composition, the seeds of seven populations were collected from natural ...
Read More
Satureja sahendica Bornm. is an endemic medicinal plant which grows wild in natural habitats of west and north-west regions of Iran. In this study, for domestication of Satureja sahendica and study it's essential oil content and composition, the seeds of seven populations were collected from natural habitats and cultivated in three replications as a complete randomized blocks design. The aerial parts of each accession were collected in full flowering stage at three consecutive years. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed the highest oil yields were obtained at the first year after cultivation. The major compounds in all oils were Thymol, P-cymene and -terpinene with different percentages. The highest amount of thymol was found in the oils of the plants at second year. In the other words, the oils had better quality, in the second year. The percentage of -terpinene were reduced in the oils in the second year and then increased in the third year. Amount of p-cymene did not show similar changes during three studied years. Generaly, it can be said annual plants had higher oil yields and two-year old plants had better oil quality.
OROJ VALIZADEGAN
Abstract
In order to evaluate the density, population and insect fauna diversity and agronomical yield in intercropping faba bean (Vicia faba L.) andcoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm located in Nagadeh, ...
Read More
In order to evaluate the density, population and insect fauna diversity and agronomical yield in intercropping faba bean (Vicia faba L.) andcoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm located in Nagadeh, West Azerbaijan province, Iran during growing season in 2012-2013. Treatments included 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, 25 percent faba bean + 75 percent coriander and their monoculture. Results showed that the maximum population of pest obtained under monoculture, while the maximum population of biological predators was observed under 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, respectively. The highest seed yield and biological yield of faba bean were obtained in monoculture and the lowest grain yield and biological yield were achieved in 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, respectively. The results showed that the maximum seed yield and biological yield of coriander were obtained at monoculture, and the minimum seed yield and biological yield of coriander were achieved in 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, respectively. There was no significant difference between treatments in the essential oil percentage but the highest essential oil yield was higher than other treatments. The highest (1.58) and the lowest LER (1.40) values was obtained from 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander and 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, respectively.
asma bastami; majid majidian; Golam Reza Mohsenabadi; Davood Bakhshi
Abstract
To investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi, phosphatic biofertilizer and manure application on yield and quantitative and qualitative criteria of coriander an experiment was conducted at Khoramabad during growing season of 2013. The experiment design was applied as factorial layout based on a randomized ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi, phosphatic biofertilizer and manure application on yield and quantitative and qualitative criteria of coriander an experiment was conducted at Khoramabad during growing season of 2013. The experiment design was applied as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation in two levels (non-inoculation and inoculation), phosphate biofertilizer in three levels (zero, 35 and 70 kg/ha)and manure in three levels (10, 20 and 30 ton/ha). Result indicated that mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate biofertilizer had significant (one percent) effects on plant height, inflorescence number per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biomass yield, essential oil and essential oil yield of coriander. Mean comparison showed that the highest effects among factors were obtained by mycorrhizal inoculation on all parameters. The highest seed yield )1780.67 kg/ha), biomass yield (3831.7 kg/ha) and essential oils (0.4 percent) were obtained of inoculation with mycorrhiza, consumption of 70 kg/ha phosphate biofertilizer and 20 ton/ha manure and they were 80, 51 and 135 percent more efficient than chemical control, respectively. Positive and synergistic interactions were obtained between mycorrhizal inoculation × phosphate biofertilizer on seed yield.
sakineh sadri; Majid Poor Yousef; Ali Soleimani
Abstract
In order to study of use advantage in the intercropping system fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) in different ratios of intercropping and sole cropping, an experiment with use replacement and additive intercropping based on randomized complete block design with ...
Read More
In order to study of use advantage in the intercropping system fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) in different ratios of intercropping and sole cropping, an experiment with use replacement and additive intercropping based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran, during growing season 2012. Treatments included additive intercropping in three levels (100 percent fennel + 33, 66 and 100 percent fenugreek), replacement intercropping in six levels (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 2:2, 1:3, 3:1), Sole fennel and Sole fenugreek. Results showed that the highest grain yield of Fenugreek was obtained in pure stand of Fenugreek and the lowest of mentioned trait was obtained in the 75 percent fennel + 25 percent fenugreek (3:1) replacement series. Also the highest and the lowest fennel grain yield were obtained in 100 percent fennel + 33 percent fenugreek additive series and 25 percent fennel + 75 percent fenugreek (1:3) replacement series respectively. yield of essential oil at 100 percent fennel + 33 percent fenugreek additive series were higher compared with sole cropping. The highest Land Equivalent and Relative Value Total obtained from 100 percent fennel + 33 percent fenugreek additive series. The highest Actual Yield Loos or gain (AYL) and intercropping advantage (IA) obtained from 25 percent fennel + 75 percent fenugreek (1:3) replacement series. Aggressively index revealed that in most sowing ratios fennel was dominant and fenugreek was defeated.