saeedeh kermani poorbaghaei; Majid Pouryousef; ali reza yousefi; masoud rafie
Abstract
In order to evaluate the biochemical properties of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ using some anti-perspirants in rainfed conditions in the crop year 2018, an experiment has been conducted in Karaj and Khorramabad regions. The experiment is based on a randomized complete ...
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In order to evaluate the biochemical properties of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ using some anti-perspirants in rainfed conditions in the crop year 2018, an experiment has been conducted in Karaj and Khorramabad regions. The experiment is based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement, consisted of three replications. The first factor involves four different ecotypes of dragon’s head (Kurdistan, Takab, Nazarkahrizi, and Kalibar) and the second factor includes three anti-transpirant compounds (kaolin with a concentration of 5%, chitosan with a concentration of 1%, and Ista with a concentration of 2%) as well as no anti-transpirant (control). The results show that using anti-transpirants has increased the amount of the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Ista anti-transpirant has had a greater effect on enzyme activity than kaolin and chitosan. The highest amount of peroxidase and catalase (0.51-0.39 unit mg/protein) are obtained from the ecotypes of Kurdistan treated with Ista and Karaj cultivation, respectively. In addition, the highest grain yield and biomass yield are obtained from treatment with chitosan, which has increased by 4% to 20%, compared to the control, respectively. Based on the results, using anti-transpirants in dryland cultivation conditions improves most of the studied yield traits and biochemical traits compared to the control.
Mojtaba Kaboodkhani; Hadi salek mearaji; Keyvan aghaei; Afshin Tavakoli
Abstract
Quinoa is one of the salinity tolerant plants, capable of playing an important role in providing human food in the future. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted as random complete block ...
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Quinoa is one of the salinity tolerant plants, capable of playing an important role in providing human food in the future. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted as random complete block design with three replications in 2020 year under greenhouse conditions. Experimental treatments include three quinoa cultivars (Titicaca, Q26, and Giza1) and three salinity levels (0, 15, and30 dS/m). Salinity stress reduced traits such as photosynthetic pigments, relative leaf water content, and grain yield. The chlorophyll a and b content in control conditions, compared to the salinity level of 30 dS/m, have decreased by 46% and 77%, respectively, with the yield dropping by 35.6%, but the decrease in relative water content has been 12.6%. Electrolyte leakage, proline and malondialdehyde content, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity have increased under salinity stress condition. The Q26 cultivar has had the highest content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, relative water content, soluble proteins, proline, and catalase activity, compared to the others. Titicaca cultivar has had lower malon-dialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage than Q26 and Giza1 cultivars, which indicates the least damage to cell membranes, being superior to the other two cultivars. Giza1 cultivar also has had higher chlorophyll b and carotenoids content than the other two cultivars. Q26 and Giza1 cultivars are probably the most resistant and sensitive cultivars to salinity stress, respectively.
Hamed Narimani; Raouf Seyed sharif; fatemeh aghaei
Abstract
In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment has been conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of ...
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In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment has been conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018-2019. Experimental factors include soil salinity levels [control and salinity of 30, 60, and 90 mM] and four methods of zinc application [no zinc as control, soil application zinc as ZnSO4, foliar application nano zinc oxide, and combination of soil and foliar application of zinc]. Results show that both application of ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under 90 mM soil salinity condition increase the catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity, anthocyanin, proline, and soluble sugars content by 20.24%, 17.68%, 13.16%, 32.88%, and 14.08%, respectively, in comparison with no application of zinc under 90 mM soil salinity condition. Also, both soil application of ZnSo4 and foliar application of nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition decrease hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in comparison with no application of Zinc under 90 mM soil salinity. Both soil application ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition has had the highest grain weight (1.016 g per plant), compared to the application of this treatment combination at other salinity levels. It seems that both application of ZnSo4 and nano Zn oxide can increase weight yield of wheat under salinity condition due to their ability in improving biochemical traits.
fereshteh darabi; Nosratollah Abbasi; Mohammad Javad Zarea
Abstract
This paper aims at evaluating the effects of putrescine and 24-epibrasinolide on altering the activity of antioxidant enzymes to tolerate drought stress in basil. The plan has been implemented as factorial split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the cropping ...
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This paper aims at evaluating the effects of putrescine and 24-epibrasinolide on altering the activity of antioxidant enzymes to tolerate drought stress in basil. The plan has been implemented as factorial split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the cropping years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. Experimental treatments include drought stress at three levels (40, 80, and 120 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) as the main plots, putrescine foliar application at three levels (0, 0.5, and 2 (mM) and 24- Epibrassinolid foliar application at three levels (0, 0.5, and 2 μM) as subplots. Results show that the highest amount of proline in 120 mm occurs during the first year of the experiment and the use of putricin (2 mM) and 24-epibrasinolide (0.5 μM) also cause a further increase in proline. The highest amount of catalase has been observed in the 120 mm evaporation treatment and the application of 2 mM putrescine. The interaction of drought stress, putrescine, and 24-epiprasinolide also show that the highest levels of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase belong to the treatment of 120 mM where the highest concentrations of putrescine (2 mM) and 24-epibrasinolide (2 μM) is observed. Under optimal irrigation conditions (40 mm), the combined application of lower concentrations of putrescine (0.5 mM) and epibrasinolide (0.5 μM) and under drought stress conditions (80 and 120 mm), higher concentrations of these two substances (2 mM putrescine and 2 μM epibrasinolide) increase the enzyme guaiacol peroxidase. Multiple interactions of year, drought stress, putrescine, and 24-epibrasinolide have had a significant effect on total flavonoids and essential oil percentage of basil. In both experimental years, application of 2 mM putrescine and 2 μM 24-epibrasinolide at all levels of drought stress 120 mm cause a further increase in these two traits which has been greater in the first year than the second one. Concomitant use of 2 mM putrescine and 2 μM epibracinolide due to increased proline synthesis and antioxidant enzymes is the best treatment to reduce the effects of drought stress in basil, indicating a synergistic relation between the two. The substance boosts the growth of basil, increasing the percentage of its essence.
Abdolhamid Zahedian; Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi; Abdolrasol Zakerin; Vahid Abdoosi; Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different irrigation regimes, and application of biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and sugar content of melon fruit cv. Ahlam, an experimental split-factorial plots has been done in a randomized complete ...
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In order to study the effect of different irrigation regimes, and application of biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and sugar content of melon fruit cv. Ahlam, an experimental split-factorial plots has been done in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuonj County in 2018-19. The main factor has been irrigation at 3 levels including 50%, 75%, and 100% of water requirement, with the sub-factor including NPK chemical fertilizer at 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha as well as non-application of Nitroxin biofertilizer along with application of 100% of the recommended amount. Results show that different irrigation regimes, different fertilizer treatments, and their interaction have had a significant effect on some of the studied traits. The combined application of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers show a significant effect on the number of sub-branches, total plant weight, length and diameter of the most branch, total soluble solids (TSS), the quantity of xylose and fructose sugars and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase enzymes. The highest number of sub-branches and plant fresh weight, branch length and diameter are obtained in the chemical fertilizer treatment of 120, and 180 kg/ha with the utilization of Nitroxin fertilizer under 100% water stress. However, it has been observed that biofertilizers has had no significant effect on sugars and enzyme activity in fruit, so that the very best levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase are obtained within the treatment of 50% of field capacity with 120 and 180 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer without using Nitroxin. In general, it can be concluded that the application of biofertilizers reduce the adverse effects of water stress and the application of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers hasa significant impact on increasing the studied traits.
Mahmood Moradi Chegeni; Ahmad Ali Shoushi Dezfuli; Mahmood Tohidi; Mehdi Sadeghi; Farbod Fotouhi
Abstract
One of the important activities to achieve drought tolerant cultivars is screening and selection of cultivars, based on yield and biochemical characteristics. A split-plot experiment arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications has been carried out in Safiabad Agricultural ...
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One of the important activities to achieve drought tolerant cultivars is screening and selection of cultivars, based on yield and biochemical characteristics. A split-plot experiment arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications has been carried out in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center during two growing seasons (2017-19). The main plots are consisted of different irrigation regimes based on crop’s water requirement (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and sub plots include five levels of alfalfa cultivars (Baghdadi, Nikshahri, Yazdi, Omid, and american Mesa-Sirsa). Results show that drought stress due to irrigation regimes have resulted in a significant reduction of forage dry matter yield and considerable changes of soluble sugar, glutation peroxidase, and catalase in alfalfa leaves. However, it has not greatly affected total protein. For forage dry matter yield, the highest statistical class belongs to Baghdadi cultivar under 100% water requirement supply treatment (2.824 t.ha-1). The lowest statistical class for forage dry matter yield has been observed in Yazdi and Mesa-Sirsa cultivars under 25% water requirement supply treatment (0.598 and 0.546 t.ha-1), respectively. Among the cultivars, examined in this experiment, Yazdi has been identified as a drought tolerant cultivar due to the stability of dry forage yield as well as high leaf antioxidants content.
mrs Somayeh Mirzaei; Seyed Ataollah Siadat; Babak pakdaman sardrod,; Mohammad Moradi Telavat
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Piriformospora indica and different levels of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) irrigation cut-off stress, an experiment has been conducted in the water year 2016. It has employed a split ...
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In order to investigate the effect of Piriformospora indica and different levels of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) irrigation cut-off stress, an experiment has been conducted in the water year 2016. It has employed a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Dehloran Agricultural Research Center. The treatments are consisted of four levels of salicylic acid (0, 150, 300, and 600 μm) as foliar application and a mycorrhiza fungus agent at two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation and irrigation cut-off stress at three levels (irrigation at 90%, 50%, and 30% filed capacity). The results of this study show that with increasing irrigation cut-off stress up to 30% filed capacity plant height, total weight of shoot, number of leaves, colonization percentage, and the enzymes Catalase and Peroxidase have decreased. Inoculation and treatment with salicylic acid up to a concentration of 300 μM could significantly reduce the destructive effects of irrigation cut-off stress on these traits. However, increasing the concentration of salicylic acid to the level of 600 μM intensifies the effects of irrigation cut-off stress, preventing the positive effects of the fungus.
Siavash Heshmati; Gholam Akbari; elias soltani; Majid Amini Dehaghi; Kayvan Fathi Amirkhiz; Keyvan Maleki
Abstract
In order to study the foliar application of melatonin on plants grown from safflower in different seed qualities under drought condition, two field experiments have been carried out at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, between 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experimental design ...
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In order to study the foliar application of melatonin on plants grown from safflower in different seed qualities under drought condition, two field experiments have been carried out at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, between 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experimental design is split-factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, with the treatments being consisted of two levels of drought stress (1- normal irrigation (no-stress) and 2- irrigation after reaching 85% of soil moisture depletion of field capacity at flowering stage (drought stress)), in the main plots. The subplots include 4 treatments, including a factorial combination of seed quality (stored seed and recently harvested seeds) and foliar application (the control and melatonin foliar application). Results from these experiments illustrate that melatonin foliar application has significantly increased the seed yield of stored seed by 589Kg.ha-1, compared to the control. It is also shown that SOD and CAT activities have been increased in response to melatonin in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds under drought condition. Furthermore, it is indicated that foliar application of melatonin decrease the amount of leaf soluble proteins by 28% in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds under drought conditions. According to the results, the amount of malondialdehyde is decreased by 37% in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds by foliar application of melatonin under drought conditions. It seems that seed quality has an enormous influence on grown plants and that using melatonin may play a substantial role in ameliorating the injuries derived from stress on safflower plant.
Seyed Mojtaba Mosavi; Ehsan Bijanzadeh; Zahra Zinati; Vahid Barati
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect under late season cutting off irrigation on biochemical properties and yield of safflower cultivars a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replicates at College of Agriculture and Natural resources of Darab, Shiraz ...
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In order to investigate the effect under late season cutting off irrigation on biochemical properties and yield of safflower cultivars a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replicates at College of Agriculture and Natural resources of Darab, Shiraz University during 2017-2018 growing season. The main factor was irrigation regime in three levels included of normal irrigation, cutting off irrigation in the middle of the flowering, and in the early seed filling stages and sub factor was safflower cultivars including Padideh, Goldasht, Faraman and Isfahan local. Cutting off irrigation in flowering stage decreased 30.37% of chlorophyll a and 25.8% of chlorophyll b, and increased 15.38% carotenoid, 23.38% of catalase activity and 34.94 % of peroxidase activity, which in Goldasht cultivar was more than the other cultivars. Under cutting off irrigation at flowering and seed filling, the highest seed yield was obtained in Goldasht cultivar as 132 and 150.5 g/m2, respectively. Overall, cutting of irrigation at flowering and seed filling stages reduced grain yield by 32.3 and 19.93%, respectively. Under cutting off irrigating, seed yield with chlorophyll a content (r=0.77**), chlorophyll b (r=0.86**), carotenoid (r=0.74**), catalase (r=0.71**), peroxidase (r=0.72**), and harvest index (r=0.83**) had positive and significant correlation. In addition, Goldasht cultivar of safflower could by increasing photosynthetic pigments and enzyme activity under water deficit in late season obtained the more seed yield compared to other cultivars.
Mahdi Amirusefi; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; Rahim Ebrahimi
Abstract
The present experiment has been conducted as a split plot factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications in 2018-2019 crop season on a saline farm (with an electrical conductivity of 5.2 dS/m) in Dastgerd area, Isfahan Province. Four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, ...
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The present experiment has been conducted as a split plot factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications in 2018-2019 crop season on a saline farm (with an electrical conductivity of 5.2 dS/m) in Dastgerd area, Isfahan Province. Four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of FC) compose the main factors and biofertilizer (the control, Nitroxin, Biophosphorus, and their combination) as well as chemical fertilizer in two level of no application and integrated application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are the sub-factor. Severe drought stress (25% FC irrigation treatment) increase the measured traits (antioxidant enzyme activity including catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase along with Proline and Malondialdehyde content) in quinoa by about 46%, 52%, 142%, 42%, and 39%, compared to non-stress conditions (100% FC irrigation treatment), respectively. Also, they significantly reduce grain and biological yield in this plant (by about 76% and 49%, respectively). However, at all drought stress levels , the combination of nitroxin and biophosphorus under conditions of simultaneous use of chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus shows the maximum effect on moderation of drought stress effects, significantly reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and, consequently, increasing yield, compared to other treatments at the same drought level. Overall, the results demonstrate that despite the salinity of the tested soil, quinoa has been able to complete its growth and seed production even under severe drought stress conditions.
Mohammad Hadi Mirzapour; Ahmad Golchin; Amir Hosein Khoshgoftarmanesh; Mohammad Medi Tehrani
Abstract
The role of amino acids on root uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of micronutrients is of great importance to improve plant nutrition management. In this nutrient solution culture experiment, the effect of application of 100μM tryptophan, arginine and histidine on the uptake and root-to-shoot ...
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The role of amino acids on root uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of micronutrients is of great importance to improve plant nutrition management. In this nutrient solution culture experiment, the effect of application of 100μM tryptophan, arginine and histidine on the uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in rapeseed with three Zn levels (0, 5 and 10μM as zinc sulfate) was investigated. The results showed at the 5μMZn, application of arginine and tryptophan significantly reduced the shoot dry weight compared to the amino acid-free, while at the 5μMZn, the use of histidine resulted in a significant increase in the plant shoot dry weight. The highest plant shoot Zn uptake was found at the 10μMZn plus histidine. Application of 10μMZn in the presence of arginine led to a significant increase of root Zn uptake as compared to the amino acid-free while no such effect was found in the presence of other amino acids. In the presence of amino acids, except arginine, increasing Zn concentration in the nutrient solution to 10μM resulted in lower shoot and root Fe uptake in comparison with amino acid-free. In contrast, at 10μMZn treatment, application of arginine enhanced plant shoot and root Fe uptake. The highest concentration of total amino acids in the plant shoots and roots was related to the free-Zn and free-amino acid treatment. Regardless of the type of amino acid used, the increase in Zn level up to 10μM increased the leaf activity of the catalase and ascorbate peroxidase.
Dariush Talei; Reza Sharifi; Mahdi Pirsalehi
Abstract
In order to investigate the morpho-physiological responses of Purslane plant to methyl jasmonate under salinity stress a split plot based on a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications was carried out in medicinal plants research center, Shahed University, Tehran during 2017. ...
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In order to investigate the morpho-physiological responses of Purslane plant to methyl jasmonate under salinity stress a split plot based on a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications was carried out in medicinal plants research center, Shahed University, Tehran during 2017. The factors were, salinity with four levels (0, 3, 6 and 9 dS/m) as a main factor and methyl jasmonate with four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mM) as a sub factor. The results showed that by increasing salinity levels, the growth indices such as root length, fresh weight of root, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and the amount of superoxide dismutase decreased, while by increasing the salinity levels the proline content and the activity of catalase and MDA in the leaf increased. Applying methyl jasmonate under salinity stress reduced the growth indices and photosynthetic pigments. The highest number of branches, number of leaves and chlorophyll b was obtained at 6 dS/m salinity and 0.5 mM methyl jasmonate. By increasing methyl jasmonate level, the proline content and the activity of CAT increased, while the amount of MDA and SOD enzymes decreased. Therefore, it can be concluded that the is the tolerance of Portulaca oleracea plant to salinity was up to six dS/m, and consuming low amounts of methyl jasmonate can improve yield and physiological indices in Purslane.
Mohammad Reza Naeini; Mahmood Esna-Ashari; Amir Hossein Khoshgoftar Manesh; Mohammad Hadi Mirzapour
Abstract
As a destructive effect of salinity, raising free radicals in root cells and thus leakage of ions is seen. In order to study the zinc effect on some of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase [CAT], Ascorbat Peroxidase [APX]) and decreasing salinity-induced by NaCl, oxidative damages in two cultivars of olive ...
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As a destructive effect of salinity, raising free radicals in root cells and thus leakage of ions is seen. In order to study the zinc effect on some of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase [CAT], Ascorbat Peroxidase [APX]) and decreasing salinity-induced by NaCl, oxidative damages in two cultivars of olive (Olea europea L.)(Frontoio and Conservollea), this pot experiment conducted, in factorial arrange and completely randomized design in three replication. One-year seedling of two olive cultivars treated with nutrition solutions involved different levels of sodium chloride (0, 40, 80, 120 mM) and zinc (0, 1, 5µ molar) of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4. 7H2O). The results showed that with increasing of salinity levels decreased root and leaf dry weight and plant height, but increased ion leakage of potassium and zinc in root and activity of CAT and APX enzymes in leaf, as well, using Zn, decreased ion leakage of potassium and zinc; whereas root and leaf dry weight, plant height, CAT and APX activity increased. Based on the results, the greater the concentration of sulfhydryl groups in roots in Frontoio variety compared to Conservolea was in acceptance with less leakage of potassium and zinc ions on the Frontoio compared to Conservolea. Therefore the Frontoio variety was more resistant to salinity in comparison with Conservolea.
Javad geraili; Mehdi Hadadinejad; Hossein Moradi; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi
Abstract
Non-Chilling Peel Pitting (NCPP) is a physiological post-harvest and storage disorder in the peel of many citrus cultivars fruits. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the steroidal plant hormone, 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 ) and relative humidity in dry storage ...
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Non-Chilling Peel Pitting (NCPP) is a physiological post-harvest and storage disorder in the peel of many citrus cultivars fruits. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the steroidal plant hormone, 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 ) and relative humidity in dry storage (RH =30% and 20) in compare to normal (RH =70% and 6OC), on the shelf life of Thomson-Novel sweet orange. The experiment was performed as factorial arrangement in CRD during 2015 winter for 30 days in three replicates and 10 . Characteristics such as weight loss, NCPP, open stomata, total soluble solids, titrable acid, leakage, Catalase and Malondialdehyde activity were measured in fruits. The results showed that drought stress significantly increased weight loss (9.67%), NCPP (33.3% code) and Catalase activity (0.13682) in fruits skin. The maintenance of fruits in dry environments led to a reduction in the open stomata of skin from 55.3 to 36.1%, which improved via application of 24-epibrassinolide, as well as normal storage (51.1%). According to our results, it can be concluded that 5 mg L-1 24-epibrassinolide concentration consider to its significant effect on reducing weight loss rate, NCPP and Catalase activity in fruits skin.
Sajjad Fattahi; Mehdi Saidi; Mohammad Javad Zarea
Abstract
In order to evaluate morphological and physiological responses of lettuce plants inoculated/ non-inoculated with Piriformospora indica under salinity stress, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out under greenhouse condition. The ...
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In order to evaluate morphological and physiological responses of lettuce plants inoculated/ non-inoculated with Piriformospora indica under salinity stress, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out under greenhouse condition. The main factor was consisted of inoculated or non-inoculated seeds with the fungus and the sub-factor included three levels of irrigation water salinity (tap water with EC=0.8 dS/m as control and saline water with ECs of 4 and 8 dS/m). Salinity stress significantly decreased most of growth parameters and P. indica declined the adverse effects of salinity. An increase in fresh foliage weight and leaf area observed for plants inoculated with P. indica. These plants showed less leaf damage symptoms under stress condition. Inoculation by the fungus significantly increased the volume and the length of root in comparison with control plants. Inoculated plants contained higher concentration of proline, photosynthetic pigments and catalase enzyme activity in their leaves rather than control plants. The lowest ionic leakage was observed in P. indica-inoculated plants at EC=4 dS/m. The results revealed the usefulness of P. indica fungus in production of lettuce under salinity stress up to 4 dS/m. But inoculation with the fungus did not lead to desirable results at 8 dS/m.
Alireza Khaleghi; Rohangiz Naderi; Alireza Salami; Mesbah Babalar; Iman Roohollahi; Gholamreza Khaleghi
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important environmental factors which limit the growth of woody plants. Iran is located in arid and semi-arid area therefore the growth and cultivation of ornamental trees and shrubs were limited. For this purpose, effect of foliar-applied salicylic acid and/or spermidine (0, ...
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Drought is one of the most important environmental factors which limit the growth of woody plants. Iran is located in arid and semi-arid area therefore the growth and cultivation of ornamental trees and shrubs were limited. For this purpose, effect of foliar-applied salicylic acid and/or spermidine (0, 100, 500 and 1000 µmol) on reduce drought stress injuries of one-year seedlings ofOsage orange (Maclura pomifera) was examinedat the Horticultural Research Station, University of Tehran, in 2013.This study was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. First, PGRs were foliar-applied for two consecutive days in during the early morning and the late afternoon and then plants were droughted by withholding water for 10 days. The damaging effects of drought on membrane leakage were reversed by low concentrations of salicylic acid and/or spermidine. Also, salicylic acid and spermidin at a concentration of 100 µmol stimulated catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, enhanced proline and chlorophyll content and maintained photochemical efficiency of chlorophyllunder drought stress. But Spermidine and salicylic acid at high concentrations were ineffective and/or inhibitors. Finally, our results showed that 100 µmol salicylic acid and/or spermidine maybe the best concentration for increasing of drought tolerance in young seedling, especially during transplanting and planting in permanent location.