seyedeh roghaye hosseini valiki; Rahmat Abbasi; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Vahid Akbarpour
Abstract
Weed infestation in arable lands is much more than one species. Thus, it is important to pay attention to the interaction of multy species of weeds. To study the effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv) interference on yield and essential ...
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Weed infestation in arable lands is much more than one species. Thus, it is important to pay attention to the interaction of multy species of weeds. To study the effect of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv) interference on yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), an experiment has been done in Research field of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2017. It has been arranged in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications with the experimental factors being three densities of redroot pigweed (0, 4, and 8 plants m-2) and three densities of barnyardgrass (0, 4, and 8 plants m-2). The highest grain yield (2230 kg ha-1) and essential oil content (2 %) are obtained at weed free plots. The density of 8 redroot pigweed plants m-2 at simultaneous interference with 0, 4, and 8 barnyard grass m-2 reduce grain yield by 30.1%, 62.9%, and 75.7%, and essential oil content by 24.5%, 26.2%, and 29.5%, respectively, compared with weed free plots. The coefficient of redroot pigweed competitivity is predicted to be higher than barnyardgrass, and the interference of 14.5 barnyardgrass plants m-2 or 7.7 redroot pigweed plants m-2 decreases fennel grain yield by 50%.
Elaheh Hosseini Sanavi; Bahram Abedy; Tahereh Parvaneh
Abstract
Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit with their results showing different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars ...
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Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit with their results showing different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars "Golden Delicious" and "Red Delicious", an experiment was carried out in factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in orchard of Mashhad Agricultural Research Center in 2021. Fruit quantitative and qualitative characteristics, including weight, volume, density, length, diameter, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, phenol content, antioxidant properties and anthocyanin have been measured. The highest amount of total phenol (652.9 μg.g-1FW) and anthocyanin (35.9 mg.g-1FW) has been measured in "Red delicious" on M9 rootstock. The results of this study show that "Red delicious" has had the highest amount of diameter (78/64 mm) and weight (166/9 g). The highest amount of fruit firmness has been observed in M9 rootstock (5/64 kgcm-3). In general, the results of this study indicate a different effect of rootstock and cultivar interaction on the studied characteristics. Depending on the purpose of gardener, different grafting compounds can be recommended "Red delicious" on M9 and MM106 rootstock with highest amount of total phenol and anthocyanin is suggested as a valuable grafting compounds in terms of health benefits under Mashhad Climatic Conditions.
sayyed-pooya hosseini; soudabeh golestani kermani; kourosh qaderi; nasrin sayari
Abstract
Due to scarcity of water resources, its negative effects on agricultural yield, and the need to ensure food security, it is necessary to provide effective strategies to improve management and water productivity in this sector. Accordingly, the present experiment has been carried out as a factorial based ...
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Due to scarcity of water resources, its negative effects on agricultural yield, and the need to ensure food security, it is necessary to provide effective strategies to improve management and water productivity in this sector. Accordingly, the present experiment has been carried out as a factorial based on completely randomized design during spring of 2019 in the research greenhouse of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The research factors include 3 irrigation levels Fc100, Fc75, and Fc50 (100%, 75%, and 50% field capacity) as the first factor and two superabsorbent levels S0 and S5 (0 and 5 gr/kg soil) as the second factor, performed with five replications. The results show that the maximum yield (40. 23 ton/ ha) and water productivity (10.36 kg/) belong to FC100S5 treatment, increasing by 5.71% and 47.6%, respectively, compared to the values recorded in similar level of irrigation and non-superabsorbent polymer. The maximum value of total chlorophyll (25.12 mg/ml) are observed in FC100S5 treatment, which in turn increase by 19.44%, compared to the control. The maximum value of vitamin c occurs in FC100S0 treatment, being 18.27% higher than minimum recorded value. Finally, the results show that the difference between irrigation water production of cherry tomato in FC100S0 and FC75S5 has not been not significant, despite 25% reduction in field capacity moisture at FC75S5. According to the results of this research, the quadratic production function is recommended as the optimal function to estimate the mentioned traits in terms of application and non- application of super absorbent.
Babak Adouli; Bijan Moradi; Mohammad Ali Shiri; Masoumeh Kiaeshkevarian
Abstract
Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, ...
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Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, and boron, which are involved in the strength of cell walls and fruit peel flexibility, can be effective in reducing the fruit splitting severity. Therefore, an experiment has been carried out in the Ramsar (Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center) during 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of foliar application of 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.0% calcium nitrate, and 0.5% boric acid at the end of June drop on reducing the severity of splitting and some fruit traits of Page mandarin. This study is performed according to a combined analysis in time with two factors including years of experimentation and different treatments of foliar application of nutrients, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that the treatments especially 1.0% potassium nitrate have reduced pre-harvest fruit splitting, increased the yield, and improved the quantitative and qualitative fruit traits. However, they have had no significant effect on the activity of polygalacturonase enzyme, cell density of blossom-end, and navel diameter. Overall, foliar application of nutrients, especially 1.0% potassium nitrate, could be suggested as an effective approach to control pre-harvest fruit splitting and boost the quantity and quality of page mandarin fruit.
Mohsen Seilsepour
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of different application methods of humic acid and aminochelate (Foliar application and soil application) on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus. L), an experiment has been conducted under greenhouse conditions with factorial design based on randomized complete block ...
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To evaluate the effects of different application methods of humic acid and aminochelate (Foliar application and soil application) on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus. L), an experiment has been conducted under greenhouse conditions with factorial design based on randomized complete block with three replications during two years (2018-2019) in Tehran agricultural a natural resources research and education center. The humic acid factors are as three levels (untreated, soil application, and foliar spray) and aminochelate factor are as three levels (untreated, soil application, and foliar spraying). The effects of humic acid, the effects of aminochelate, and their intraction on yield, number of fruits per plant, fruit dry matter, and leaf chlorophyll index have been significant. The highest fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, fruit dry matter, and leaf chlorophyll index are obtained from soil application of humic acid and aminocholate, being 57.4%, 58.6%, 56.4%, and 43.8%, more than the control, respectively. Also, the effects of humic acid, the effects of amino chelate, and their intraction have been significant on concentration of macronutrients in leaf. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of the leaves are obtained from the application of humic acid and aminoclate in soil. Thus, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium due to soil application of humic acid and aminolate increase by 44%, 51%, and 5%8, respectively. Based on the results, in order to achieve the maximum yield of greenhouse cucumber, the combined use of humic acid and aminocholate as soil application is recommended.
Aliyeh Shafiei; Mehdi Hadadinejad; Saeed eshghi; kamran ghasemi
Abstract
The present research tries to investigate the effect of potassium silicate and mycorrhizal fungus on heat stress tolerance of strawberries and evaluate the possibility of increasing plant tolerance to heat at research greenhouse in Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University at 2019. It is in a ...
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The present research tries to investigate the effect of potassium silicate and mycorrhizal fungus on heat stress tolerance of strawberries and evaluate the possibility of increasing plant tolerance to heat at research greenhouse in Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University at 2019. It is in a completely randomized factorial design with three factors including two levels of mycorrhizal fungi (presence and absence of mycorrhizal fungi), three levels of potassium silicate (0, 50 and 100 mg.l-1) spray in heat stress (25 and 41 °C) with three replications. The results show that application of potassium silicate reduces the Photosynthtic active radiation (PAR) damage in strawberry leaves, which PAR of leaves bottom reduce three folds in comparison to the control, when the PARtop is 1133 umol.m2.s-1. In contrast, treatment of the plant with potassium silicate in the presence of mycorrhiza prevented increases transpiration and stomatal conductivity for water cooling the leaves during heat stress. Inoculation of the roots with mycorrhiza fungi leads to a wide network of hyphae in root uptake, improving water use efficiency by up to 72%, which in turn results in increaseed net photosynthesis. However, heat stress increases minimum fluorescence and reduces maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II. But the simultaneous application of mycorrhiza and potassium silicate is able to improve this index to a good level (0.76). Finally, it has been found that high temperature stress affects many photosynthetic factors of strawberry plant that the use of potassium silicate in combination with mycorrhizal fungus, despite their separate use, to a large extent prevents heat damage to different parts of the plant.
Razieh Assadi; Mostafa Darvishnia; Mehdi Nasr Esfahani; Eidy Bazgir; Samira Pakbaz
Abstract
One of the most important pathogens in plants such as pomegranate, are root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) which cause considerable damage to this important export product. Due to the importance of this subject, an study has been conducted between 2018 and 2019 in the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan ...
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One of the most important pathogens in plants such as pomegranate, are root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) which cause considerable damage to this important export product. Due to the importance of this subject, an study has been conducted between 2018 and 2019 in the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University. The treatments include organic fertilizer (40, 60, and 80 t/ha.), vermicompost (40 t/ha.) and Marygld product (200, 300 and 400 g/m2) with the study, itself, being in a completely random design on the dominant root-knot nematodes species, M. javanica under greenhouse conditions on pomegranate seedlings. The measurement indicators include gall index, the number of egg sacs, and the final population of egg and J2 larvae in the soil and the roots, as well as growth factors of pomegranate seedlings. Reproduction factor and the percentage of increase/decrease of root knot nematode population, have been calculated in each treatment compared to the initial population of the same treatment. Results show vermicompost (40 t/ha.) with 94.35% reduction in population of egg and larvae has had the highest effect on reducing the nematode population compared to other treatments. Marygld 400, 300, and 200 g/m2 treatments are ranked next, with a reduction of 93.47%, 91.21%, and 92.65% in nematode population, respectively followed by by nematode reduction of the composts of 80, 60, and 40 t/ha by 89.67%, 86.55%, and 86.81% respectively.
leila Soleimanpoor; Ruhollah Naderi; Mehdi Najafi Ghiri
Abstract
Planting of various crops in intercropping may change the amount of nutrients uptake by plants because of morphological and physiological differences in roots. In order to investigate the metal micronutrients uptake of the crops in cereals-legume intercropping a field experiment was performed in 2014-2015 ...
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Planting of various crops in intercropping may change the amount of nutrients uptake by plants because of morphological and physiological differences in roots. In order to investigate the metal micronutrients uptake of the crops in cereals-legume intercropping a field experiment was performed in 2014-2015 in the College of Agriculture of Darab, Shiraz University. Treatments included 10 monoculture (wheat, barley, triticale, pea and bean with and without weeds) and 6 intercropping (wheat + pea, wheat + faba bean, barley + pea, barley + faba bean, triticale + pea and triticale + faba bean with weeds) which laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the uptake of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn by plants so that the highest content of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in cereals was obtained in weed-free monoculture triticale (353.2 ppm), barley+faba bean intercropping (20.18 ppm), wheat+faba bean intercropping (23.59 ppm) and weed-free wheat monoculture (28.22 ppm). The highest content of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in legumes was obtained in wheat+faba bean intercropping (673.1 ppm), barley+pea intercropping (26.24 ppm), triticale+faba bean intercropping (28.33 ppm) and weed-free faba bean monoculture (32.26 ppm). The ranking of micronutrients uptake by crops and weeds was Fe˃Mn˃Zn.
Hajar Ashoordan; Massoud Dehdari; Asad Masoumiasl; Rahmatollah Karimizadeh
Abstract
Objective: Cold stress causes irreparable losses to plants including lentils (Lens culinaris Medic) as one of the important legumes. Limited information is available on the use of somaclonal variation for improving cold tolerance in lentils. This study aimed to investigate the cold tolerance in lentil ...
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Objective: Cold stress causes irreparable losses to plants including lentils (Lens culinaris Medic) as one of the important legumes. Limited information is available on the use of somaclonal variation for improving cold tolerance in lentils. This study aimed to investigate the cold tolerance in lentil seedlings regenerate from in vitro culture.
Methods: To investigate cold tolerance, regenerated seedlings of seven lentil genotypes were exposed to two temperature conditions of 5 and 25˚C. The experiment was conducted at each temperature level in a completely randomized design with three replications at the Yasouj Agricultural Faculty in 2021. Ten days after application temperature treatments, physiological and morphological traits including root length, root fresh and dry weight, shoot height, shoot fresh and dry weight, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, electrolyte leakage and total soluble sugar content were measured.
Results: The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of temperature for all traits; the effect of genotype for all traits except root length, and the interaction of temperature and genotype for all traits except shoot height, carotenoid, and chlorophyll content were significant. At the temperature of 5˚C (cold stress), the genotype 09S 83259-14ILL6994/ILL5480 had more values than the other genotypes in terms of most traits. Classification of genotypes using the three-dimensional plot of the first three factor scores introduced the genotypes ILL 7979 and 09S 83259-14ILL6994/ILL5480 as the most tolerant genotypes under cold stress conditions. The genotypes Gachsaran, Kimia, ACC 5588 ILL116 Sel and ACC 4605 were identified as cold-sensetive. Among the traits measured at the vegetative stage, the electrolyte leakage trait had the highest stress intensity value (0.53), indicating that this trait was more affected by cold temperature than other traits. The genotypic and phenotypic variation coefficients showed that the genotypes had the most diversity for the measured traits related to the shoot. The highest broad-sense heritability was related to total soluble sugar (97.81%) and electrolyte leakage (97.70%), and the lowest was related to root length (88.02%).
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that there was sufficient genetic diversity of cold tolerance among the seedlings regenerated from the tissue culture of the genotypes. In this study, by measuring the components of genetic variance, it was determined to some extent that the contribution of genetic variance is greater than epigenetic factors for key traits. The high proportion of genetic variance in this study indicates that selection under tissue culture conditions for cold tolerance in lentils will be effective. In addition, important traits such as electrolyte leakage, and fresh and dry weight of the shoot were severely affected by cold stress, which can probably be used as a selection criterion for cold tolerance in lentils. These results can be used in breeding programs to improve cold tolerance in lentils.
Mina Amani; Mohsen Sabzi-Nojadeh
Abstract
Objective: The increasing global population and the growing demand for medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry highlight the importance of active compounds derived from these plants across various sectors. This trend has led to a significant rise in the cultivation of medicinal plants, particularly ...
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Objective: The increasing global population and the growing demand for medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry highlight the importance of active compounds derived from these plants across various sectors. This trend has led to a significant rise in the cultivation of medicinal plants, particularly Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), which has gained popularity worldwide. However, as the cultivation of Moldavian balm expands, it is likely to encounter abiotic stresses, particularly water deficit stress, during its growing season. Drought stress can severely affect plant health by disrupting physiological and metabolic functions. In this context, melatonin has emerged as a crucial regulator of plant biological responses, modulating various physiological processes and enhancing resilience to stress conditions. Therefore, considering the limited water resources in the country and the positive effects of melatonin on plants, as well as the medicinal importance of Moldavian balm, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of melatonin on improving the physiological properties of the medicinal plant Moldavian balm in greenhouse cultivation.
Method: In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of melatonin (such as control, 50, and 100 micromolar) on the physiological characteristics of Moldavian balm subjected to varying levels of drought stress (including 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of field capacity). The experimental design employed was a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized block design with three replications, allowing for robust statistical analysis of the results. This experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ahar, University of Tabriz.
Results: The application of 100 µM melatonin significantly enhanced the levels of photosynthetic pigments in Moldavian balm. This increase is crucial as chlorophyll and carotenoids are vital for photosynthesis, enabling plants to convert light energy into chemical energy efficiently. Enhanced photosynthetic activity directly correlates with improved growth and productivity, especially under stress conditions. The study revealed that melatonin treatment, particularly at the 100 µM concentration, led to a marked increase in secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These compounds are known for their role in plant defense mechanisms, providing protection against environmental stressors, including drought. The highest recorded levels of phenol (51.952 mg gallic acid g-1 FW) and flavonoid (11.424 mg quercetin g-1 FW) were observed in the melatonin-treated plants, indicating enhanced protective capabilities. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, specifically phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, was significantly elevated in the melatonin-treated plants. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, which are instrumental in combating oxidative stress. The recorded activity of 17.84 µM cinnamic acid min. mg-1 protein under severe drought conditions (25% of field capacity) underscores the protective role of melatonin in enhancing plant resilience.
Conclusion:The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that melatonin can serve as an effective agent in reducing the damage caused by drought stress in Moldavian balm. By enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, increasing secondary metabolite production, and boosting antioxidant enzyme activity, melatonin not only helps plants withstand unfavorable environmental conditions but also improves their overall quality and yield.
Mehdi Joudi; Asghar Mehraban
Abstract
Objective: This research was carried out to study the potential of photoassimilates accumulation and remobilization in the stem internodes of rainfed barley cultivars grown under regions with different climates.
Methods: Eight barley cultivars (four two-rowed and four six-rowed cultivars) were cultivated ...
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Objective: This research was carried out to study the potential of photoassimilates accumulation and remobilization in the stem internodes of rainfed barley cultivars grown under regions with different climates.
Methods: Eight barley cultivars (four two-rowed and four six-rowed cultivars) were cultivated under rainfed conditions in Meshginshahr (Mediterranean region with cold winter) and Jafarabad-Moghan (semi-tropical region with semi-cold winter) during 2023-2024 growing season. Photoasimilate accumulation and remobilization were measured in the stem internodes (peduncle, penultimate, and lower internodes) based on dry weight changes.
Results: Experimental sites were different in terms of climate. At Meshginshahr site, the high amount of precipitation and the low average temperature caused the growing season to be longer compared to Moghan site. The length of upper internodes (peduncle and penultimate) was higher in Meshginshahr than Moghan. On the other hand, the lower internodes formed a higher proportion of the stem length at Moghan region. The maximum weight of peduncle, penultimate and lower internodes was attained in Meshginshahr condition at 18, 18 and 15 days after anthesis, and in Moghan region at 4, 4 and 4 days after anthesis, respectively. The maximum weight of internodes (accumulated photoassimilates), the amount of reserves remobilization as well as the amount of grain yield per stem were higher in Meshginshahr than Moghan. Large variations were found for morphologic, physiologic, and agronomic traits among tested cultivars. In general, cultivar × location interaction was not significant for maximum weight and maximum specific weight of internodes and stem. Althought the values of these traits varied with location, the rank of cultivars for these variables remaned nealy unchanged. The highest values of internode’s weight and specific weight belonged to Barzin and Jolgeh cultivars at Meshginshhar and Moghan regions. Cultivar × location interaction was significant for internodes and stem’s remobilization. The change of location, on the one hand, altered the values of these traits and, on the other hand, changed the ranking of cultivars for them. Jolgeh and Barzin at Meshginshahr and Barzin and Oxin at Moghan region showed the highest values of internode’s cumulative remobilization.
Conclusion: In the current study, the amount of accumulation and remobilization was highest in the lower internodes under both Meshginshar and Moghan regions. Therefore, in order to reach their potential for accumulating the dry matter at the beginning of spring as well as to be a major source of dry matter remobilization at the end of growing season, the lower internodes are expected to have appropriate lengths, weights and specific weights.