Vahid Reza Jalali; Mahdi Homaei
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, , Pages 29-40
Abstract
Canola response to root media salinity highly depends on its phenological stage. In most investigations, this fact is neglected. Therefore in most studies a single threshold value for each plant is introduced. The objective of this study was to investigate the quantitative response of canola to salinity. ...
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Canola response to root media salinity highly depends on its phenological stage. In most investigations, this fact is neglected. Therefore in most studies a single threshold value for each plant is introduced. The objective of this study was to investigate the quantitative response of canola to salinity. The study was done in two different experiments. In the first experiment, canola was exposed to salinity from the first growth stage. In second experiment, plants were irrigated with saline water only at final growth stage. Both experiments were conducted on a natural saline loamy sand soil, using salinity treatments including a non-saline water (tap water) and eight saline waters of levels (3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15 and 17 dS.m-1). The Maas and Hoffman, van Genuchten and Hoffman, Dirksen et al., and Homaei et al., models were used to predict relative yield as a function of soil salinity. The obtained results based on the calculated maximum error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (CD), modeling efficiency (EF) and coefficient of residual mass (CRM) statistics indicated the Homaee et al., model provides better prediction for both experiments.
Khadijeh Roustaie; mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi; Seyed Ali Khadem; Hamid Reza Owliaie
Abstract
To investigate effects of different super absorbent polymer and animal manure ratios on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean under drought stress, a split plots experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Marvdasht, Iran in 2009. ...
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To investigate effects of different super absorbent polymer and animal manure ratios on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean under drought stress, a split plots experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Marvdasht, Iran in 2009. Main factor included of irrigation with 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from pan class A and sub factor included of control, 40 t.ha-1 animal manure, 200 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer, 50 percent super absorbent polymer + 50 percent animal manure, 65 percent super absorbent polymer + 35 percent animal manure and 35 percent super absorbent polymer + 65 percent animal manure. The results showed that, number of pod and grain per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, protein yield and oil yield were decreased by drought stress occurrence and were increased with super absorbent polymer and animal manure application. The highest yield (2148.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained in control treatment. Results showed that the combinations of super absorbent polymer and animal manure significantly increased grain, biological, oil and protein yield compared with control. Finally, combination of 35 percent super absorbent polymer and 65 percent animal manure was the best treatment in this experiment.
Mehdi Zarrabi; Iraj Allah dadi; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Hamid Iran najad; Gholam Ali Akbari
Volume 12, Issue 2 , November 2010, , Pages 37-50
Abstract
To study the seprate and combined effects of phosphorus fertilizer, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus on reducing drought stress damages of grain corn (SC704) during its vegetative stages under field conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on RCBD with three replications ...
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To study the seprate and combined effects of phosphorus fertilizer, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus on reducing drought stress damages of grain corn (SC704) during its vegetative stages under field conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on RCBD with three replications at College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran in 2009. Experimental factors were drought stress as main-plot (irrigation after 50 as control, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from pan class A) and fertilizer plus biofertilizer compounds as sub-plots. Drought stress began after seedling stage. Analysis of variance showed that drought stress significantly affected most of investigated traits such as number of row/ ear, number of kernel/ row, ear weight, 1000kernel weight and grain yield. All the measured traits in compounds phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, mycorrhiza fungies and triple super phosphate treatment were higher than other treatments under water deficit stress conditions. Frthermore, grain yield in triple super phosphate treat under severe water deficit stress conditions (1.81 ton/ha) were significantly less than normal irrigation (8.38 ton/ha) and low stress conditions (4.98 ton/ha). According to this experiment, seed inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, mycorrhiza fungies and triple super phosphate compounds affected grain yield and harvest index significantly. This experiment showed that phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms can positively interact in promoting plant growth as well as in P uptake in maize plant, leading to improve plant tolerance under water deficit stress conditions.
Ali Tadayyon; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini
Abstract
In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative forage characteristics of different sainfoin ecotypes, a field experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Research Station of Agricultural College of Shahrekord University. In this experiment, ...
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In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative forage characteristics of different sainfoin ecotypes, a field experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Research Station of Agricultural College of Shahrekord University. In this experiment, the amount of wet and dry weight of above-ground plants, plant height, and the protein and fiber contents were measured at three stages of pre-flowering, initiation of flowering and full flowering. The number of sainfoin forage cuts and variation of protein and fiber content at different forage cuts were analyzed by a split-plot on time. The results in this experiment showed that, the amount of wet, dry weight, plant height, and the protein and fiber contents were significantly affected at different ecotypes of sainfoin in all harvest stages and number of forage cutting was not significantly affected in all sainfoin ecotypes. Based on the data analysis according to split plot design in time, the factors of ecotypes and number of cutting were affected significantly. The 2nd and 4th cutting were produced maximum protein content and the 5th cutting produced maximum fiber content. The interaction between ecotype and number of cutting was not significant. Regarding to quantitative (yield) and qualitative (protein content) characteristics of forage, cultivation of Aligodarz ecotype of sainfoin showed superiority over other ecotypes.
Masuod Bakhshayeshi Geshlagh
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 41-49
Abstract
In order to study adapatability and yield stability of irrigated bread wheat cultivars Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya this experiment was conducted in RCBD during three cropping seasons (2007-2010) in six cities. Simple ANOVA and combined analysis of variance for ...
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In order to study adapatability and yield stability of irrigated bread wheat cultivars Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya this experiment was conducted in RCBD during three cropping seasons (2007-2010) in six cities. Simple ANOVA and combined analysis of variance for three years in every location and also combined analysis of variance for three years and six locations were implemented. Lin and Binns parameter, environmental variance, Rick Ecovalance method and Shukla stability variance were used for determination of stable cultivars. Results of combined ANOVA (three years × six locations) showed that interaction effect of year × location × genotype was significant. The highest and lowest grain yield belonged to Alvand (3/74 tha1) and Azar 2 (2/72 tha1) cultivars. Results of stability analysis with Lin and Binns method showed that Zarrin cultivar had the lowest inside location variance for grain yield and the lowest environmental variance belonged to Azar 2 cultivar. Results of stability analysis with Shukla Stability variance method showed that Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the lowest Shukla stability variance, respectively. Also results of Rick Ecovalance method showed that Zarrin cultivar had the highest amount for this parameter. Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the lowest yield stability and can be recommended for studied locations.
Fazileh Dahie-Zehi; Mahmood Ramroudi; Abdolshakor Raissi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits, yield, yield components, and oil percentage of sesame genotypes, an experiment has been conducted in form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2018 at the Research Farm of ...
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In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits, yield, yield components, and oil percentage of sesame genotypes, an experiment has been conducted in form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2018 at the Research Farm of Velayat University, Iranshahr. Drought stress factor includes normal irrigation (based on 100 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) and drought stress (based on 200 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) as the main factor, while sesame cultivars, including Dashtestan 2 and 5, Yelovait, Jiroft13, Iandraces of Dom Siah, and Darab1 have been the subfactor. Results show that drought stress significantly reduces plant height, number of branch and capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule and seed, biological yield, and oil yield and percentage. The increase in seed yield under normal irrigation conditions has been 28.67%, compared to drought stress conditions. Among all cultivars, Darab-1 has had the highest seed and oil yield in comparison with other cultivars under both irrigation conditions; therefore, this cultivar will be suitable for cultivation in Iranshahr. The correlation results show that seed yield has had a positive and significant correlation with the number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, biological yield, and 1000-seed weight, with the highest correlation being related to seed and oil yield.
Ebrahim Rais Mohammadi; Hasan Mohammad Alizade; Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meibodi; Mostafa Arab
Volume 13, Issue 1 , August 2011, , Pages 43-54
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran in 2007 to evaluate the herbicides efficacy in a marigold nursery to control weeds including annual flowers. Experimental design was a RCBD with total 12 treatments replicated four times. Treatments were trifluralin ...
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A field experiment was conducted at College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Iran in 2007 to evaluate the herbicides efficacy in a marigold nursery to control weeds including annual flowers. Experimental design was a RCBD with total 12 treatments replicated four times. Treatments were trifluralin preplant incorporated at two and three Li/ha, trifluralin preplant non incorporated at two and three Li/ha, oxyfluorfen preplant at two and three Li/ha, oxyfluorfen postemergence at two and three Li/ha and cholorothol-dimethyl preplant at 10 Kg/ha, two-times hand weeding, weedy and weed free treatments were also included as control. Application of oxyfluorfen preplant and trifluralin preplant at both rates of two and three Li/ha controlled weeds by 70 percent. This treatment had no phytotoxic effects on marigolds and did not reduce their yields either. Among applied herbicides, application of non-soil incorporated trifluralin treatment compared with treatment of the same soil incorporated with herbicides, due to easier application, indicated its preference and also had no phytotoxic effects on marigold.
Maryam Rafiee; Lotfali Naseri; Davoud Bakhshi; Asad Alizadeh
Abstract
In this study, the amount of total phenol, chlorogenic acid, catechin, quercetin, phloridzin, cyanidin and antioxidant activity of apple (Malus domestica) skin and flesh of six Iranian cultivars, including: ‘Golab Kohanz’, ‘Sib Torsh Dirras’, ‘Ghara Yapragh’, ‘Torkman’, ...
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In this study, the amount of total phenol, chlorogenic acid, catechin, quercetin, phloridzin, cyanidin and antioxidant activity of apple (Malus domestica) skin and flesh of six Iranian cultivars, including: ‘Golab Kohanz’, ‘Sib Torsh Dirras’, ‘Ghara Yapragh’, ‘Torkman’, ‘Ghezel Alma’ and ‘Abbasi Mashhad’, and four commercial cultivars including: ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Fuji’ was investigated. ‘Fuji’ had the highest amount of cyanidin 3-galactoside (3711.9 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and ‘Golab Kohanz’ had the greatest amount of quercetin 3-galactoside (3133.8 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and phloridzin in the skin (642.2 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and ‘Ghara Yapragh’ showed the greatest amount of flesh phloridzin (98.1 µg.g-1 fresh weight). ‘Abbasi Mashhad’ had the largest amount of flesh (484.3 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and the skin's (298.1 µg.g-1 fresh weight) chlorogenic acid, ‘Ghezel Alma’ had the greatest amount of catechin of skin (255.2 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and ‘Sib Torsh Dirras’ showed the highest catechin of flesh (76.9 µg.g-1 fresh weight). The regression analysis of total phenol and antioxidant capacity showed a positive correlation between the amount of total phenol and the antioxidant activity. The highest amount of total phenol and antioxidant activity in ‘Fuji’ was observed.
Mehdi Ramezani; Reza Rezaei Sokht Abandani
Abstract
To determine the effects of priming and planting density on improvement of morphological and physiological traits of the two hybrid corns SC (S.C. 704) under double cropping in Sari, a split plot experiment as randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2010. Treatments included ...
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To determine the effects of priming and planting density on improvement of morphological and physiological traits of the two hybrid corns SC (S.C. 704) under double cropping in Sari, a split plot experiment as randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2010. Treatments included two densities of 80 and 100 thousand plants per hectare as the first factor and osmopriming of seeds of two hybrids of corn (S.C. 704), with a solution of 10% polyethylene glycol (6000 PEG), 0.5% potassium nitrate (KNO3), 2% potassium chloride (KCl), water (hydropriming) and control (without priming) were considered as the second factor. The results showed that plant height using the priming solution of 10% polyethylene glycol and 100 thousand plants per hectare density was 33 percent higher than 0.5% potassium nitrate and 2% potassium chloride with the density of 80 thousand plants per ha. Also the forage yield per hectare with the density of 100 thousand plants was 14.42% more than 80 thousand density. Best plant density and priming concentration for leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were the density of 80 thousand plants per hectare and 10% polyethylene glycol. Therefore, it is concluded that adequate forage yield (54730 kg/ha) of the hybrid corn used in this study were obtained by the density of 100 thousand plants per hectare and 10% polyethylene glycol solution.
Irandokht Mansoori
Abstract
In order to evaluate row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits ofpeppermint, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with fourreplications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2010-2011. Threelevels ...
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In order to evaluate row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits ofpeppermint, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with fourreplications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2010-2011. Threelevels of row spacing (50 × 10, 50 × 20 and 50 × 30 cm) and two levels of microelements (no sprayingand spraying) were evaluated on peppermint at two harvesting time. The results showed that the firstharvesting had significant effect on plant height, oil yield and dry matter. Maximum oil yield (19.1 lit.ha1)and dry matter (1121.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the first harvesting time. Microelements had significanteffect on wet matter (3321.3 kg.ha-1), dry matter (987.7 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (19.63 lit.ha-1). Maximumdry matter (1015.5 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (20.31 lit.ha-1) was obtained in (50 × 20 cm) row spacing withspraying. 50 × 20 cm row spacing with spraying recommended, because of maximum oil yield inpeppermint.
Arefe Razzazi; Majid Aghaalikhani; Barat Ghibadian; Behnam Zand; Sayyed Mohammad Safyeddin Ardabili
Abstract
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.( with a capability to withstand harsh conditions, low nutritional needs, 50 percent of oil content and high- quality, is one of the best crop used to produce biodiesel. The first step toward introduction and widespread cultivation of this crop is to investigate the energy ...
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Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.( with a capability to withstand harsh conditions, low nutritional needs, 50 percent of oil content and high- quality, is one of the best crop used to produce biodiesel. The first step toward introduction and widespread cultivation of this crop is to investigate the energy balance for its cultivation. To do so, energy input (include renewable and nonrenewable) and output were calculated through an examination of all inputs during two consecutive years of cultivation (2012-2014) in Varamin county in Tehran province. Energy indicators were also assessed. Result showed Indirect, non-renewable sources of energy with 59.68 and 80.86 percent of 11245.64 MJ energy consumption, comprise the major part of the consumable energy in castor bean cultivation. Moreover, among inputs fertilizers and pesticides with the share of 55.26 percent of the total consumable energy considered as the highest energy inputs. Fuels with the share of 21.28 percent formed placed at the second rank of consumable energy. Energy use efficiency in seed production was calculated to be 3.81, which is a considerable amount when compared with other crops used to produce biodiesel. Therefore, in order to expand the cost efficient and mechanized system of castor production, breeding of the current local ecotypes is recommended.
Akbar Poorjafari; Abdol Ali Shojaian; Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh; Mahdi Ayyari Noushabadi
Abstract
The white button mushroom is the world’s most widely grown culture mushroom species that can utilize various kinds of agro industrial lingo-cellulosic waste as a substrate. Selection of compost components in each region is essential factor for production of mushrooms. The objective of this study ...
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The white button mushroom is the world’s most widely grown culture mushroom species that can utilize various kinds of agro industrial lingo-cellulosic waste as a substrate. Selection of compost components in each region is essential factor for production of mushrooms. The objective of this study was to evaluate application of pistachio waste by utilizing as a substrate component for button mushroomproduction and their effects on the quality and quantity of produced mashrooms in 2013, at Tarbiat Modarres University. In this study one control (without waste), pistachio hull and shells mixed (ratio 50:50) (PH+SH), pistachio shelling waste (PSW) and pistachio hulls (PH) were applied in three levels consisting of 25, 50 and %75 combined with substrate control in completely randomized design with four replications (40 experimental units). The results of experiments indicates that the highest yield and biological efficiency percentage was obtained from 25 and %50 of PH+SH and PSW, that the mushrooms production on this experimental substrates were more prolific than of the control substrate. In this experiment, it was found that production of substrate with the PH in compared to the control, is not suitable to yield and biological efficiency percentage.This study demonstrated that Agaricus bisporus may successfully produce from compost containing pistachio waste.
Salim Farzaneh; Mohammad Shamloeian; Raouf Seyed sharif; Sahram Kadihodad Kadihodad
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) seed coating with organic fertilizer of Teprosyn, Kadostim and Zagroot on the emergence and seedling growth characteristics as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture ...
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) seed coating with organic fertilizer of Teprosyn, Kadostim and Zagroot on the emergence and seedling growth characteristics as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardabili University under greenhouse conditions. The experiment factors included seed washing (washing without washing), hybrids (Shokoufa and pars) and different amounts of organic fertilizers of Teprosyn, Kadostim and Zagroot, with control and adhesive treatments. The results showed that seed washing treatment increased the percentage of emergence, velocity of emergence and the percentage of plant establishment, and decreased the time to 10 and 90% of the emergence. Percentage of seed emergence in seed coating treatments with Zagrot (20 ml per kg of seed), with 95% emergence, seed coating with Zagroot (30 ml per kg seed), with 94.16% emergence were superior to other treatments. The percentage of plant establishment in the Pars hybrid was higher than the Shokoufa. Among different treatments of seed coating, seed treatment with Zagroot, had the highest leaf area and root and leaf dry weight. In general, in this research, seed coating with Teprosyn and Zagroot improved seedling growth and increased plant establishment.
Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation, humic acid and mycorrhiza application on physiological traits, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton, an experiment was carried out as a factorial split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation, humic acid and mycorrhiza application on physiological traits, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton, an experiment was carried out as a factorial split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran in 2016. Three irrigation levels (40, 70 and 100 percent of water requirement or PWR) were as the main plot and the combination of two mycorrhiza levels (non- application and application) and two humic acid levels (0 and 10 L. ha-1) were considered as sub-plot. The results showed that mycorrhiza application in conditions of supplying 100 and 70 PWR for the plant significantly increased the chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, number of boll per m2 and yields of cotton, but the highest increase in these traits was observed in conditions of supplying 70 PWR. Also, the highest WUE in 70 PWR and application of mycorrhiza treatment was obtained.Generally, mycorrhiza application more effectively than the application of humic acid improved physiological traits, yield and WUE of cotton.The results showed that considering the WUE and economic yield of cotton, supplying 70 PWR and mycorrhiza application for this plant in Birjand can be considered.
Mostafa Keshavarz Mehr; Hosein Moghaddam; Mostafa Oveisi; Javad Bazrafshan
Abstract
The present research has been conducted to parameterize and evaluate the APSIM-Wheat model for winter wheat and to use the model for evaluation of climate change effects on grain yield. The model is used to simulate leaf area index, dry matter, and grain yield of Roshan cultivar winter wheat in Karaj ...
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The present research has been conducted to parameterize and evaluate the APSIM-Wheat model for winter wheat and to use the model for evaluation of climate change effects on grain yield. The model is used to simulate leaf area index, dry matter, and grain yield of Roshan cultivar winter wheat in Karaj and Khomein regions between 2014 and 2015, under four irrigation regimes and three levels of nitrogen fertilizers. The experiments have been conducted in both regions as split-plot in a randomized complete block design. Irrigation is considered as main plot and nitrogen as a sub-plot. Model parameterization is based on observational data from full irrigation and 200 kg/ha nitrogen treatment in both regions. Results from the model evaluation show that the simulated values closely predict the observed values so that the RMSE in both regions is less than 670 and 450 kg/ha for biomass and yield, respectively, being below 0.56 for leaf area index as well. Normalized RMSE in all treatments has been below 17.8%, with Wilmot's index being above 0.82. The evaluation of model shows high performance and its possible use in other studies. Results from climate change analysis show that increasing the temperature from 0 to 5 °C leads to a maximum reduction of 75% in grain yield and an increase in carbon dioxide concentration, resulting in a maximum increase of 24% and, if the temperature increase exceeds three degrees Celsius, the grain yield will decrease in all possible concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Ahmad Raofi; Kourosh Vahdati; Soheil Karimi; Mahmoud Reza Rouzban; Vazgin Grigorian
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of scion properties (number of buds on scion, presence of terminal bud on scion, and scion diameter and length) on success of epicotyl grafting and early growth of grafted walnut ‘Chandler’ at the college of Aburaihan of University of Tehran, ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of scion properties (number of buds on scion, presence of terminal bud on scion, and scion diameter and length) on success of epicotyl grafting and early growth of grafted walnut ‘Chandler’ at the college of Aburaihan of University of Tehran, during 2013-14. Grafting success, survival of the grafted trees, callus quality, shoot length and leaf number per tree were measured 150 days after grafting. No significant differences were found between scions containing terminal bud or lateral buds. The highest callus quality, grafting success (83.4 percent) and survival rate (72.8 percent) were obtained by using double bud scions. Using scions with 3-6 mm diameter significantly increased grafting success (73.4 percent) and survival rate (61.1 percent) of the grafted trees. The highest survival rate (56.1 percent) was found in trees grafted with 7-12 cm scions. The highest leaf numbers were found in the trees grafted with double bud scions, and 7-12 cm scions (9.1 and 8.6 leaves, respectively). The longest shoots were observed in trees grafted with scions containing two bud, and 3-6 mm diameter and 7-12 cm length (9.1, 12.7 and 12.2 cm, respectively). In conclusion, using scions containing two buds, with 3-6 mm diameter and 7-12 cm length were suggested to improve success of epicotyl grafting and quality of the grafted walnut ‘Chandler’ trees.
Seyedeh Esmat Hashemi Fadaki; Barat Ali Fakheri; Nafiseh Mehdi Nezhad; Roqia Mohammad Pour
Abstract
The replacement of chemical inputs with ecological compatible inputs seems necessary for a step towards in transition from common to sustainable agriculture. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the research field, University of Zabol, as a split plot based on randomized complete block design ...
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The replacement of chemical inputs with ecological compatible inputs seems necessary for a step towards in transition from common to sustainable agriculture. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the research field, University of Zabol, as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2015. Four drought stress levels of 30, 50, 70 and 90 percent of available water were considered as main plots and four levels of nano and nano bio-fertilizers were considered as sub plots. Main effects of fertilizer, drought stress and their interaction were significant for all studied traits. Maximum of photosynthetic pigments, fresh and dry weight of sepals were obtained under treatment of 70% of available water irrigation and foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. The highest amount of anthocyanin, proline and carbohydrate osmolytes belonged to 30% of available water irrigation and the highest relative water content of leaves belonged to 90% of available water irrigation and foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. The result of principal component analysis showed that the best-studied treatment was 70% of available water irrigation including with foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. Spraying nano-iron fertilizer mitigated the effects of drought stress and increased the quantity and quality of roselle sepals.
Fatemeh Samadzadeh; Alireza Pirzad; Hossein Zeinalzadeh-Tabrizi
Abstract
Determining the appropriate planting arrangement and plant density leads to better productivity of resources and increased yield per unit area. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in the Ardabil agricultural and natural resources research and education center (Moghan) during the 2021 crop year. ...
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Determining the appropriate planting arrangement and plant density leads to better productivity of resources and increased yield per unit area. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in the Ardabil agricultural and natural resources research and education center (Moghan) during the 2021 crop year. This experiment uses a strip plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. Its main factor is the effect of planting rows at a spacing of 30, 45, and 60 cm with planting spacing of 5, 8, 11, and 14 cm serving as the subfactor. According to the results, by increasing the distance between plants on the planting row, the maximum days to flowering initiation (47.25 days), growth period (122.25 days), stem diameter (8.33 mm), number of branches (2.97), and capsule length (24.20 mm) of sesame can be observed at a planting distance of 14 cm between the plants. Row spacing of 45 to 30 cm increases the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule, and 1000-seed weight of sesame by 33%, 18.50%, and 16%, respectively. The highest seed yield, fresh and dry weight belong to 1455.40, 5021.80, and 1280.73 kg/ha, respectively, at 45 cm distance between planting rows. The results from this experiment show that planting arrangement with a distance between plants of 14 cm and a distance between planting rows of 45 cm, with optimal use of environmental resources is suitable for cultivation in Moghan plain and recommended for local farmers.
Masoumeh Makvandi; AbdolMahdi Bakhshandeh; Ali Moshatati; Mohammad Moradi Telavat; Aydin Khodaei joghan
Abstract
Objective: The effect of the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer with sugarcane residue compost and growth-promoting bacteria on wheat quality traits and yield in the heat stress conditions of the end of the season in Ahvaz was investigated.Methods: An experiment was carried out in the form of two split ...
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Objective: The effect of the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer with sugarcane residue compost and growth-promoting bacteria on wheat quality traits and yield in the heat stress conditions of the end of the season in Ahvaz was investigated.Methods: An experiment was carried out in the form of two split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors include three sowing dates: 22 November, 11 December and 31 December in main plots; six combined of nitrogen with compost include control, 100% nitrogen, 75% nitrogen+ 25% compost, 50% nitrogen+ 50% compost, 25% nitrogen+ 75% compost and 100% compost in sub-plots and two levels of use and non-use of bacteria in sub plots.Results: Results showed the effect of Sowing date and the combined use of nitrogen with compost and growth-promoting bacteria were significant on all measured traits. Average comparison showed that combined use of 50% nitrogen + 50% compost with bacterial application increased the characteristics of Grain filling duration and Grain filling rate, Grain protein percentage and wet gluten. Also, the highest seed yield (5864 kg/ha) was obtained on the first planting date and combined consumption of 50% nitrogen + 50% compost and the lowest amount (1115 kg/ha) was obtained on the third planting date and the control treatment.Conclusion: The combined use of nitrogen fertilizer and compost with growth-promoting bacteria could reduce the negative effect of heat stress at the end of the season on the measured plant traits.
Seyed Majid Mousavi; zahra Ahmadabadi
Abstract
To compare potential of two organic materials including sewage sludge (SS) and municipal solid wastecompost (MSW) on micronutrients entry to soil, a research was conducted as split-plot arrangement basedon randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Sari AgriculturalUniversity. ...
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To compare potential of two organic materials including sewage sludge (SS) and municipal solid wastecompost (MSW) on micronutrients entry to soil, a research was conducted as split-plot arrangement basedon randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Sari AgriculturalUniversity. Main-plot (fertilizer treatments) included 20 and 40 ton/ha SS, 20 and 40 ton/ha SS + 50%chemical fertilizer (CF), 20 and 40 ton/ha MSW, 20 and 40 ton/ha MSW + 1/2 CF, CF and control. Subplot(years of application) comprised 3 treatments (1, 2 and 3 times of application). Results showed thatboth fertilizer treatments and application period treatments enhanced accumulation of micronutrients insoil significantly so that SS treatments had more influence compared to MSW treatments. The highesttotal and available Fe and Zn, total Mn and Cu were obtained in SS treatments. While, the most availableMn and available Cu was observed in 3 continuous years application of enriched 40 ton MSW and 20 tonMSW with CF, respectively.
Mehdi Rezaei; Abass Rohani
Abstract
Stomatal resistance has an important role in plant water exchange and photosynthesis under stress condition hence it is a key parameter in ecological and biological models. In the present research, optimum values of effective parameters on stomatal resistance of olive to achieve maximum stomatal resistance ...
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Stomatal resistance has an important role in plant water exchange and photosynthesis under stress condition hence it is a key parameter in ecological and biological models. In the present research, optimum values of effective parameters on stomatal resistance of olive to achieve maximum stomatal resistance were determined. Salinity levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/l NaCl), percentage of leaf ions (chlorine, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphor, magnesium), K/Na ratio, wet weight of leaf (mg), leaf area (cm2), relative water content (%) and leaf area ratio (cm2/g) were considered as effective parameters in stomatal resistance of olive. The stomatal resistance was modeled as a function of the variables using a radial basis function (RBF) neural-network model. The predicted results demonstrated that the neural network could provide a good performance since prediction results were in rather good agreement with measured results. The maximum percentage error between predicted and experimental data was less than 2.57% and the correlation coefficient between them was 0.994. Also, the statistical comparison between the predicted and experimental data indicates the reliability of the predictions using a RBF neural-network model. The trained neural network is used as objective function to get optimal parameters using the genetic algorithm. The optimum values of the parameters obtained at a 100, 0.15, 0.57, 0.78, 0.32, 0.06, 0.17, 1.29, 26.63, 5.03, 0.76 and 72.89 for the first parameter through the last parameter, respectively.
Mahyar Ramezani Tazehabad; Elaheh Motamedi
Abstract
Objective: Urea is one of the most widely used fertilizers in agricultural practices; however, its high solubility in water leads to rapid leaching from the soil before plants can effectively absorb it. This issue results in significant fertilizer losses, increased agricultural costs, and various environmental ...
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Objective: Urea is one of the most widely used fertilizers in agricultural practices; however, its high solubility in water leads to rapid leaching from the soil before plants can effectively absorb it. This issue results in significant fertilizer losses, increased agricultural costs, and various environmental concerns. A promising approach to address this challenge is the application of organic materials to coat urea granules, thereby slowing their dissolution rate in water. In this study, to mitigate fertilizer loss and enhance efficiency, carnauba wax (CW) was selected due to its biocompatibility and abundance. Additionally, urea granules were coated separately with CW combined with paraffin wax and stearic acid, polyethylene wax, and paraffin wax to evaluate the effectiveness of these materials in reducing urea dissolution.
Method: The method of dip-coating was employed as the primary technique for applying the coating onto the urea granules. To assess the release of urea over time, a specific quantity of the coated urea granules was carefully placed into 10 ml of distilled water, and the solution was monitored by collecting samples at predetermined time intervals. The concentration of urea released into the water at each interval was quantitatively determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Additionally, the diameters of the various coatings formed on the urea granules were examined and recorded on the seventh day of the experiment using a stereo microscope equipped with 40X magnification for precise measurements.
Results: The release of urea was monitored over a 41-day period, and the results revealed significant differences in the release rates based on the coating material used. Urea granules coated with carnauba wax exhibited the slowest release rate, with only 71.5% of the urea released by the end of the 41-day observation period. In contrast, granules coated with a mixture of carnauba wax and paraffin wax released their entire urea content into the water within just 7 days. Among the coatings tested, carnauba wax demonstrated the highest efficiency with a coating diameter of 0.504 mm, which also represented the smallest thickness compared to the other coating formulations.
Conclusions: The study results revealed that carnauba wax serves as an efficient coating material for urea granules, significantly prolonging their release time. This wax offers numerous benefits due to its natural origin, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxic properties. Its application enhances sustainability while ensuring safety, making it a highly suitable choice for controlled-release purposes in agricultural or similar settings. These findings highlight its potential to revolutionize fertilizer usage, reducing environmental impact and improving cost efficiency.
Morteza Gorzin; Farshid Ghaderi-Far; Seyed Esmaeil Razavi
Abstract
In order to investigate effects of different fungicide spraying treatments on soybean seed quality, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources in 2016. Two spring ...
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In order to investigate effects of different fungicide spraying treatments on soybean seed quality, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources in 2016. Two spring (May 28) and summer (July 10) planting dates performed at main plots and fungicides spraying including benomyl, mancozeb, propiconazole, methyl thiophanate, carbendazim and control in two stages R3 and R6 were done in sub plots. Germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and seed health tests were used to evaluate the quality of seeds. Two fungi Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. spread were observed in seed lots, but lower prevalence for Fusarium sp.. Therefore, seed health was most affected by Alternaria sp.. The percentage of healthy seeds in spring sowing date was 21.48% higher than summer sowing date. All used fungicides (especially propiconazole and methyl thiophanate) significantly increased the health, germination, and vigor of seeds compared to control. The produced seeds in summer planting despite of more fungal infection, had higher seed germination and vigor than seeds of spring crops, because of exposing the seed development stages (R5-R8) to low temperatures. In the fact that, air temperature during seed development stages was more important in determining seed germination and vigor compared to pathogens. Therefore, in order to achieve high seed quality, it is appropriate to use summer planting with the utility of suitable fungicides such as propiconazole and methyl thiophanate at R3 and R6 growth stages.
Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou; Ahmad Golchin; Khadije Farhadi
Abstract
Elements such as nitrogen (N), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co) are needed to improve the quantity and quality of beans. In order to study the effects of these elements on pod yield and concentration of nutrients in bean, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in 2016 in greenhouse conditions at University ...
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Elements such as nitrogen (N), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co) are needed to improve the quantity and quality of beans. In order to study the effects of these elements on pod yield and concentration of nutrients in bean, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in 2016 in greenhouse conditions at University of Zanjan, using a CRD with three replications. The experimental factors consisted of four levels of N (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l), three levels of Mo (0.067, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/l), and Co (0.006, 0.06, and 0.3 mg/l). The results showed that the highest dry weight of pods was obtained from treatment of N100Mo0.2Co0.06 which was 34.05 g/pot and had no significant difference with N150Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment. The application of different levels of factors increased the concentrations of N, P, and Mg in bean leaves in treatments of N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N200Mo0.6Co0.006, and N150Mo0.6Co0.3 and the highest increase in concentrations of mentioned elements were 6.94, 0.91, and 0.41% respectively. However, the concentrations of K and Ca decreased as a result of the application of the factors. The highest concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, and Co bean were measured in treatments of N200Mo0.6Co0.006, N150Mo0.2Co0.006, N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N150Mo0.6Co0.3, and N150Mo0.067Co0.006 which were 490, 185.4, 8.26, 284.5, and 54.9 mg/kg, respectively. Overall, according to the results, N100Mo0.2Co0.06 is recommended for bean.
zahra ajribzadeh; salim farzaneh; Mahmoud Shomili; Hamid Reza Balouchi; aziz Ker Mullah Chaab; Raouf Seyed Sharifi
Abstract
Objective: Considering the high consumption of cuttings in sugarcane cultivation and the rapid deterioration of cuttings, crop management methods after harvesting are necessary. The present study aimed to determine the appropriate coverage for a single sugarcane bud.Methods: This study was performed ...
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Objective: Considering the high consumption of cuttings in sugarcane cultivation and the rapid deterioration of cuttings, crop management methods after harvesting are necessary. The present study aimed to determine the appropriate coverage for a single sugarcane bud.Methods: This study was performed as a completely randomized design with three replications in 2020, to investigate the effect of four types of binders: carboxymethylcellulose (40, 60 and 80 g/l), arabic gum (50, 100 and 150 g/l), tragacanth (30, 60 and 90 g/l) and starch (45, 60 and 75 g/l) as the first test and four types of nutrients: humic acid (6, 9 and 12 g/l), filter cake (5, 10 and 15 g/kg), superabsorbent (10, 30 and 45 g/kg) and microcombi fertilizer (10, 20 and 30 g/kg) as the second experiment with control, in the greenhouse of the sugarcane research Station-Khuzestan.Results: The results showed that the effect of four types of binder on sugarcane plant characteristics such as germination rate, stalk length, stem dry weight and plant moisture content was significant and the most positive effect was observed in starch gum (60 g/l). Also, four nutrients had a significant effect on some characteristics such as germination rate, stalk length, stalk dry weight and plant moisture content.Conclusion: Due to the most positive effect of starch gum, in later studies, this glue can be used as a binder, along with other nutrients and fillers for planting lateral buds of sugarcane stalks.