ahmad zare; aydin khodaeaei; zienab khezrepoor
Abstract
In order to evaluate the response from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to temperature, under abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) three separate experiments was carried out in the laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at University of Khuzestan in four replications in 2018. Treatments ...
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In order to evaluate the response from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to temperature, under abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) three separate experiments was carried out in the laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at University of Khuzestan in four replications in 2018. Treatments included temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C), salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 mM), and drought stress (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1, 1.2, and 1.4 MPa). In response to temperature, chia proved to be capable of germinating in the range of 10 to 40 °C. The base temperature, optimum temperature, and ceiling temperature were predicted to be 6, 28, and 44°C respectively. Germination percentage and germination rate decreased in response to salinity and at salinity of 400 mM, germination was completely inhibited. Salinity reduction of 50% in germination percentage and germination rate obtained at salinity 349 and 236 mM. 50% reduction in germination percentage and germination rate was observed at -0.92 and -0.79 MPa of drought stress. According to x50 parameter, chia is resistant to salinity and drought stresses. In conditions of saline soils and drought stress, it can be recommended for cultivation to farmers.
Behrooz Dolatparast; Farzad Hosseinpanahi; Adel Siosemardeh; Hamed Mansory
Abstract
Considering the importance and value of water and optimal use of nitrogen for maintaining production productivity and simultaneously reducing the negative environmental effects, two experiments have been conducted in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cropping seasons in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, ...
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Considering the importance and value of water and optimal use of nitrogen for maintaining production productivity and simultaneously reducing the negative environmental effects, two experiments have been conducted in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cropping seasons in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan. The experiments are performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental treatments include the different levels of irrigation as the main plots (25% (W1), 50% (W2), 75% (W3), and 100% (W4) of crop water requirement) and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer as sub-plots (25% (N1), 50% (N2), 75% (N3), and 100% (N4) based on crop nitrogen requirement). Results show that all the studied traits with the exception of the time of reaching the maximum pod area index are affected by the main and interaction effects. The highest grain yield is obtained in W4N4 treatment (5069 kg.ha-1) and the lowest grain yield in W1N1 and W1N2 treatments at 880 and 899 kg.ha-1, respectively, which has been decreased by 82.6% and 82.2%, compared to the control, respectively. The grain and biological yield of W4N3 (4826 and 17589 kg.ha-1) and W3N4 (4712 and 17657 kg.ha-1) treatments, represent 25% reduction in nitrogen consumption and 25% reduction in water consumption, respectively compared to the control. W4N4 is recognized as the superior treatment in this study for improving productivity.
Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam; Mahbube Zamanipour; Alireza Mohebi Samimi
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study effects of mechanical and chemical treatments for developing lateral shoot and increasing quality of sweet cherry, apple and pear trees in 2010-2011 in three independent experiments. In the first experiment, effect of the heading treatments in four levels (control, ...
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This experiment was carried out to study effects of mechanical and chemical treatments for developing lateral shoot and increasing quality of sweet cherry, apple and pear trees in 2010-2011 in three independent experiments. In the first experiment, effect of the heading treatments in four levels (control, 40, 60 and 80 cm), in the second experiment, BA treatments in four levels (0, 200, 400, 600 mgL-1) and spraying times in three levels (1, 2 and 3 times) and in the third experiment, Arbolin treatments in four level (0, 5, 15, 25 mlL-1) and spraying times in two level (1 and 2 times) were investigated. Results showed that mechanical and chemical treatments improved the branching of trees but the lateral shoot number with chemical treatments had significant increase in comparison with heading treatments. Therefore, the most lateral shoot number was induced with BA in concentration of 600mgL-1 in three times. The mechanical and chemical treatments in sweet cherry induced lateral shoots more than apple and pear trees. ‘Siah Mashhad’, ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Spadona’ induced more lateral shoot numbers in comparision with other cultivars.
َAzam Sadat Yousefi; Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar; Bahi Jalili; Mahdy Ghajar
Abstract
Objective: Proper nutrition program is one of the main ways to improve plant quality and has a significant role in increasing its performance.Methods: To investigate the effect of the use of organic and mineral sources containing silicon on the concentration of silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ...
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Objective: Proper nutrition program is one of the main ways to improve plant quality and has a significant role in increasing its performance.Methods: To investigate the effect of the use of organic and mineral sources containing silicon on the concentration of silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.), an experiment in the form of chopped plots with three replications in the fields of Dazmirkandeh village in the suburbs of Sari city in 2019. All the experimental steps were done in the laboratory of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The main factor was two varieties of rice and the secondary factor was the type and amount of silicon sources in 11 levels of fertilizer treatment.Results: According the results, the simple effect of variety and different sources of silicon on the concentration of silicon was significant in the flag leaf, biomass and grain of rice. The average concentration of nutrients in aerial organs in Tarem Hashemi cultivar was more than Shiroudi cultivar and different sources of silicon could increase the concentration of silicon elements in flag leaves by 70%, biomass by 16% and seeds by 20%, and nitrogen by 12 and 55 respectively, and 50%, increase phosphorus by 100, 60 and 87% and finally increase potassium by 20, 15 and 50%.Conclusion: In general, the use of all silicate treatments compared to the control treatment and basic fertilizer increased the concentration of silicon and other elements in the aerial parts of the plant.
Alireza Moshrefi Araghi; Rohangiz Naderi; Mesbah Babalar; mohammad taheri
Abstract
Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) is a potted plant, which its colorful bracts appear in short days. In thisexperiment, effect of different ammonium to total nitrogen ratios on quantitative and qualitative traits ofpoinsettia was studied. The experiment was conducted as a complete randomized design ...
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Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) is a potted plant, which its colorful bracts appear in short days. In thisexperiment, effect of different ammonium to total nitrogen ratios on quantitative and qualitative traits ofpoinsettia was studied. The experiment was conducted as a complete randomized design with threereplicates. The plants were irrigated with water containing of different ammonium to total nitrogen ratiosof 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.16. At the end of experiment, vegetative traits, fresh and dry weight of shoot androot, chlorophyll index and mineral elements concentration were assessed. Overall study results revealedthat quality and quantity characteristics of poinsettia were significantly affected by various ammoniumsto total nitrogen ratios. So that, the maximum bract area and leaf area achieved for the ratio 0.05 meq/land the minimum achieved for the ratio 0.16 meq/l. Bract productions in plants delayed and its longevitydecreased by ratios higher than 0.05 meq/l. In addition, effect of treatments on fresh and dry weight ofbract, leaf, stem, and root and leaf nitrogen level was significant. According to the results, adjustment ofammonium to total nitrogen in the nutrient solution with ratio of 0.05 meq/l likely makes improving in theproduction characteristics of poinsettia.Keywords: ammonium, bract, chlorophyll
Zohre Ansar; Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi; Serolah Galeshi; Ahmad Gholami; Mahdieh Parsaian
Abstract
This research was carried out to investigate the effect of spraying of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame (Naz cultivar) under drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as split plot factorial in two years as a randomized ...
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This research was carried out to investigate the effect of spraying of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame (Naz cultivar) under drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as split plot factorial in two years as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included two different irrigation regimes (every 15 days) and drought stress (every 25 days), three levels of Origanum vulgare include 0, 40 and 60% and 3 levels of Zatria mutifora include 0, 10 and 20%. Results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced the measured indices compared to control conditions. The results also showed that water stress reduced oil content and increased protein content and activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. It was found that the most measured indices in both control and stress conditions were associated with 60% Origanum vulgare 20% Zatria mutifora essence. The use of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence, under suitable irrigation conditions, increased the seed yield of 27.5% compared to control, whereas it increased 58% under stress conditions. Therefore, it can be stated that under dry conditions, the use of Origanum vulgare Zatria mutifora essence can induce tolerance in the plant in response to drought conditions. Since less cost is needed compared to other methods, therefore, in areas with low water conditions, it is recommended to use the Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence.
Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Hajberdi Ghelichi Yanghagh; Abbas Biabani; Fakhtak Taliey
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation interval on quantity traits and protein of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016. Interval irrigation ...
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In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation interval on quantity traits and protein of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016. Interval irrigation factor was at three levels including irrigation each 10, 20 and 30-day, nitrogen fertilizer in three levels of non-application and application of 50 and 100 kg per hectare and mung bean genotypes in two levels of VC-1973A and Partov. The results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from 30-day irrigation interval with 100 and 50 kg per hectare nitrogen and the lowest grain yield was obtained from 10–day irrigation interval and 100 kg nitrogen/ha and non-application treatment and also 20–day irrigation interval and non-application of nitrogen/ha. Grain yield in VC-1973A was 72.52% higher than partov gernotype. The highest protein percentage was obtained from irrigation interval of 30-day and the lowest was obtained from 10-day irrigation interval. With increasing of nitrogen consumption, protein percentage increased but proline decreased. Increasing of irrigation intervals from 10 to 30-day increased the amount of proline in mung bean genotypes. Protein percentage and amount of proline in Partov was 9.49% and 29.66% more than VC-1973A. In addition, although in some traits Partov was superior but in more traits especially grain yield VC-1973A was better than Partov and increasing of interval irrigation and nitrogen consumption created better conditions for mung bean production.
esmaeil afshoon; Mohammad Reza Jahansooz; Hossein Moghadam; Mostafa Oveisi
Abstract
To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation regimes on some crop growth indices of forage maize under conventional and conservation tillage system, an experiment has been conducted in split plots with a randomized complete block design and three replications at University of Tehran’s ...
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To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation regimes on some crop growth indices of forage maize under conventional and conservation tillage system, an experiment has been conducted in split plots with a randomized complete block design and three replications at University of Tehran’s farm during 2018. Tillage systems, as the main plot in two factors, include conversation and conventional tillage, whereas water stress, being the subplot, is in three levels which are 30%, 60%, and 90% of moisture requirement. Also, nitrogen fertilizer, as the sub-sub plot, is at three levels, 0, 50%, and 100% of the recommended rate. Results in the flowering stage show that the highest leaf area index (6.28) and crop growth rate (34.01 gr m-2 day-1) have been obtained from the interaction between slight water stress (90% of crop water demand) and nitrogen (100% of crop demand) as well as the interaction between slightly water stress and 100% nitrogen in conventional tillage, respectively. The highest relative growth rate (0.08 gr gr-1 day-1) and total dry matter (1006.86 gr m-2) belong to simple impact of 100% nitrogen along with the interaction of slightly water stress and 100% nitrogen in conventional tillage, respectively. Results show that under severe water stress and higher application of nitrogen, the fertilizer will cause less crop dry matter under conventional tillage.
mahdi mohammad zan=mani; vali rabiei; Mohammad Ali Nejatian; Mehdi Taheri
Abstract
Proline and glycine betaine are the most common compatible solutes that prevent plants from destructive effects of osmotic stresses by osmotic adjustment and protection of membranes, proteins and enzymes. It has been reported that exogenous application of these compounds, can increase plant resistance ...
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Proline and glycine betaine are the most common compatible solutes that prevent plants from destructive effects of osmotic stresses by osmotic adjustment and protection of membranes, proteins and enzymes. It has been reported that exogenous application of these compounds, can increase plant resistance to drought stress. Therefore a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was performed in four grapevine cultivars (‘Khushnav’, ‘Peykani’, ‘Perlette’, and ‘Flame Seedless’). Grapevines were irrigated by 70 percent of the vine water requirement, in drought stress treatment. Proline (10 mM) and glycine betaine (15 mM) were sprayed on grapevines at four growth stages (before flowering, flowering, sour cluster and veraison). Results showed that endogenous proline and amount of glycine betaine, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity in treated vines were significantly higher than the control, in both proline and glycine betaine treatments. Among of the treated vines, the most and the least amount of proline was measured in ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Peykani’, respectively. Other measured traits in cultivars did not show significant difference. According to the role of these enzymes in eliminating reactive oxygen spices (ROS) and also the role of proline and glycine betaine in antioxidants activating, using of these two osmolytes will be able to increase the vines tolerance to drought stress conditions.
Azimeh Bagheri; Ataalah Siadat; Ahmad Koochekzadeh; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Masoud Rafiee
Abstract
In order to investigate the physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer use, an experiment was conducted in 2015 using a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in the research farm of Khorramabad Agricultural Research ...
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In order to investigate the physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer use, an experiment was conducted in 2015 using a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in the research farm of Khorramabad Agricultural Research Center. Factors were supplemental irrigation times (without supplemental irrigation, irrigation in 50 percent of flowering and irrigation in 50 percent of seed filling) as main factor and cultivars (Arman, Azad and Greet) and super absorbent polymer (zero, 100 and 200 kg/ha) in the sub plots. The result showed that the supplemental irrigation and super absorbent polymer reduced soluble carbohydrates and seed protein and increased insoluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Supplemental irrigation in 50 percent of flowering satge increased 74 percent of seed yield compared to dry land condition. The highest seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from Greet cultivar with supplemental irrigation at 50 percent of flowering stage and application of 200 kg/ha super absorbent polymer, with the averages 2179 kg/ha, 4012 kg/ha and 54.3 percent, respectively. The results showed that at all levels of supplemental irrigation, the use of superabsorbent polymer improves plant growth conditions and, consequently, significantly increased seed yield. This will increase further by increasing the consumption of super absorbent polymer within supplementary irrigation.
Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Hossein Meighani; Somayeh Eftekhari
Abstract
To study the evaluation of ripening index on qualitative parameters of three olive cultivars ('Zard', 'Local-Roghani' and 'Arbequin') in Roudbar city of Gilan province, an experiment was carried out according to a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in 2014. Fruits ...
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To study the evaluation of ripening index on qualitative parameters of three olive cultivars ('Zard', 'Local-Roghani' and 'Arbequin') in Roudbar city of Gilan province, an experiment was carried out according to a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in 2014. Fruits were harvested at ripening index 3.5, 4 and 5 according to the method proposed by the international olive oil council and after oil extraction, its biochemical and qualitative characteristics were assessed. The results showed significant increases in dry mater, peroxide value, free fatty acid, extinction coefficient at 232 and 270 nm, coupled with significant decline in total phenolics and flavonoids, carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments and antioxidant activity with advancing ripening index. Also, significant differences were observed among the olive cultivars in the all above traits. Total phenolics of olive oil in the 'Local-Roghani' cultivar at ripening index 3.5, 4 and 5 respectively with averages of 941.27, 657.74 and 310.32 mg/kg were more than others. However peroxide value, that is an undesirable trait in the olive oil, was higher in the 'Local-Roghani' cultivar. Although the antioxidant activity among olive cultivars was varied at ripening index 3.5 and 4, but no significant differences were observed at ripening index 5. Overall, the results showed that an increasing in the fruit ripening index was accompanied with decreased in the antioxidant compounds and sensitivity to oxidation of olive oil. Therefore, the oils obtained from the fruits at ripening index 3.5 had greater stability and sustainability.
Mehdi Joudi; shahram mehri
Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the pattern of dry matter partitioning to different above-ground plant parts during anthesis, two weeks after anthesis, and physiologic maturity among wheat cultivars and to investigate its possible relationship with grain yield. Eighteen well-watered wheat cultivars ...
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The aim of this research is to study the pattern of dry matter partitioning to different above-ground plant parts during anthesis, two weeks after anthesis, and physiologic maturity among wheat cultivars and to investigate its possible relationship with grain yield. Eighteen well-watered wheat cultivars have been grown at research farm of Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014-2015 growing season. At anthesis, total dry matter accumulated in the plant, range from 1.95 (Sumay3) to 3.33 g (Alvand). At this time, depending on the cultivar, dry matter partitioned to the stem which differ from 31% to 41%, vary from 37% to 50% in the leaves, and from 16% to 27% in the spike. From anthesis to two weeks post-anthesis, dry weight of stem and spike increase, while those of leaves, generally, remain constant. The highest (1.52 g) and the lowest (0.52 g) increases in the weight of stem and spike have been observed in the case of Shirodi and Sardari, respectively. During two post-anthesis weeks to physiologic maturity, the spike has been dominant; however, the cultivar differences in the amount of allocated photoassimilates to the spike as well as stem reserves remobilization change the pattern of dry matter partitioning among wheat population again. At anthesis, there has been no clear association between cultivar height and spike weight. At physiologic maturity, however, dwarf cultivar generally has had higher weight and proportion of the spike. These results show that the pattern of dry matter partitioning is varied depending on the plant developmental stages and cultivars. Therefore, partitioning pattern of a cultivar observed at one growth stage is not necessarily similar in other growth stages. At physiologic maturity, Crossed Alborz and Pishtaz are superior with respect to dry matter partitioning and yield performance. Analysis of correlation reveals that leaves dry weight at anthesis, stem dry weight at two weeks after anthesis, and partitioned photoassimiltes to the grain are correlated positively with square grain yield. Therefore, these traits deserve further attentions in wheat programs dealing with increased grain yield.
Akram Vatankhah; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Sadollah Hooshmand3; Shahram Kiani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid and Zn on the grape yield and mineral concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was done on 20 years old grapevines in the Farsan region from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid and Zn on the grape yield and mineral concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was done on 20 years old grapevines in the Farsan region from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 2013-2014. Each of the factors, humic acid and zinc sulfate, were applied in three levels zero, 0.1 and 0.2 weight percent, in two periods including before of flowering and two weeks after full bloom. Results showed humic acid, zinc sulfate and their interaction effects significantly affected on fruit yield, concentration of nitrogen, iron and zinc and also leaf chlorophyll content. The highest fruit yield (8.31 kg per shrub) and the lowest fruit yield (6.12 kg per shrub) obtained in humic acid 0.2 percent and control treatments, respectively. The highest leaf zinc element (49.1 mg per kg dry leaf) obtained in 0.2 present zinc sulfate. Also the results showed positive correlation between zinc concentration and some index such as fruit yield (r = 0.46), cluster weight (r = 0.45), total leaf chlorophyll (r = 0.53) and fruit TSS (r = 0.49). Based on these results, it seems to enhance the yield and improve the quality of grapes, spraying humic acid and zinc sulphate at a concentration of 0.2 percent each to be useful.
Mohammad Rabiee; Mehrdad Jilani; Shahram Karimy
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on harvest indices and some important agronomic traits of Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack var. Javaniloo), a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the effect of consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on harvest indices and some important agronomic traits of Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack var. Javaniloo), a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in paddy field of Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) during 2010-2012 for two years. The first factor was nitrogen in five levels: zero, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1 in the form of urea and phosphorus in four levels: zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 in the form of superphosphate. Results showed that among the nitrogen levels, the treatments of 200 and 150 kg.ha-1 had maximum grain yield (3000.5 and 2999.7 kg.ha-1, respectively), protein yield (442.7 and 449.5 kg.ha-1, respectively) and biological yield (13318 and 12525 kg.ha-1, respectively). Among the levels of phosphorus fertilizer, the treatment of 150 kg.ha-1 showed maximum grain yield (2971.0 kg.ha-1), protein yield (434.4 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (12375 kg.ha-1). Also results showed none of the nitrogen levels had the highest phosphorus and potassium indices. Moreover, with the increasing of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium indices were reduced. Based on the obtained results, the treatments of 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and 150 kg.ha-1 phosphorus are recommended for cultivating triticale in Guilan area due to high grain and protein yields.
Azam Feli; Saeideh Maleki Farahani; Hossein Besharati
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of organic, chemical and biological fertilizers on plant and soil properties in saffron cultivation the experiment was performed as factorial with two factors based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahed University ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of organic, chemical and biological fertilizers on plant and soil properties in saffron cultivation the experiment was performed as factorial with two factors based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahed University during 2015-2016 growing seson. in this experiment the first factor was nitrogen fertilizer (urea) in three levels (0, 50 and 100 kg per ha) and second factor was different types of non-chemical fertilizers in four levels (control, vermicompost, PGPR biofertilizer containing bacteria Pseudomonas and Bacillus and integrated application of biofertilizer and vermicompost). The results showed that fertilizer treatments affect significantly on qualitative and quantitative properties of plant and soil. Among the fertilizer treatments, the integrated application of vermicompost alongwith 50 kg/ha chamical fertilizers showed the most significant increment in yields and improved soil properties. As in this treatment stigma dry yield, soil nitrogen content, soil organic mater and available soil phosphorus increase by 42.6, 66.67, 68.39, and 43.75% compared to control, respectively. Totally integrated application of vermicompost alongwith half of recommended urea fertilizer can increase yield and improve soil properties in saffron cultivation.
Ali Reza Tavakoli; Reza Nosrati; Matin Jamaimoeini
Abstract
Heavy metals such as chromium are considered important pollutants for the environment and agricultural products. Many of these metals are toxic even in very low concentrations and may disrupt the growth process of crops. This study aims at comparing the response of different sesame cultivars to irrigation ...
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Heavy metals such as chromium are considered important pollutants for the environment and agricultural products. Many of these metals are toxic even in very low concentrations and may disrupt the growth process of crops. This study aims at comparing the response of different sesame cultivars to irrigation with different levels of chromium contaminated water. The experiment is carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mayamey, Semnan Province, Iran. Experimental factors include irrigation with different levels of chromium-contaminated water in 5 levels (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) and three sesame cultivars (Dashtestan, Oltan and local). The results indicate that irrigation with chromium-contaminated water significantly reduce the plant height and root length (p < 0.01), but have no significant effect on leaflet number and shoot fresh weight. The highest decrease in plant height and root length are observed under irrigation with 100% chromium-contaminated water. There has been a significant difference between sesame cultivars in relation to the growth characteristics. So, the Oltan cultivar has had the highest plant height, leaflet number, root length, and water productivity index compared to other cultivars. According to the results, high levels of chromium in irrigation water significantly reduce the growth of different cultivars.
Mohammad Sharif Nobatiany; ali Rahemi karizaki; Abbas Biabani; ali mansouri rad
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the factors limiting wheat yield in Kalaleh County using the Comparative Performance Analysis (CPA) method in 2015-16. Collection of the required information was done by fieldwork, and personal interviews with farmers. To this aim, 60 wheat fields in dry land areas ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the factors limiting wheat yield in Kalaleh County using the Comparative Performance Analysis (CPA) method in 2015-16. Collection of the required information was done by fieldwork, and personal interviews with farmers. To this aim, 60 wheat fields in dry land areas of Kalaleh were selected to have sufficient diversity in all crop management, planting, crop protection and harvesting. The amount of grain delivered to the wheat shopping centers was recorded after determining the amount of drop as the final yield of the farm. The CPA was used to determine the yield gap and identify the factors that caused it. The results of yield model showed that there was a difference of 4071.7 kg between achievable (7248 kg/ha) and actual yield (377.4 kg/ha). Among studied variable, the farmer experience, seeding rate, the amount of phosphorus in soil, frequency of use of fungicide, organic matter of soil, amount of potassium absorbed in soil and amount of applied nitrogen had the most influence on wheat yield gap in the study area, which were 19.4, 16.8, 14.9, 14.3, 12.7, 11.7 and 10.3 percent of the achievable yield. By amending these factors, it seems that it could reduce the difference between achievable yield and actual yield.
Mahdi Motakefi; Ahmad Ghanbari; Seyyed Mohsen MoussAvi Nik; Alireza Sirousmehr
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator on growth and yield of rapeseed (Dalgan cultivar) under drought in university of Zabol (Chahnime) during 2017as split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation cut off levels ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator on growth and yield of rapeseed (Dalgan cultivar) under drought in university of Zabol (Chahnime) during 2017as split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation cut off levels based on the phenological growth stages (Sylvester-Bradley encoding system): I1 = control (complete irrigation), I2 = irrigation up to stage the growth rate code is 2.20 (twenty internally identified) and I3 = irrigation to stage the growth rate code is 5.9 (all pods are more than 2 cm long) and subsidiary factor consists of four levels of fertilizer : F1 = control (pure water solution), F2 = Hamoon Green 1 liter at 10 liter + calcium, F3 = Hamoon Green 1 L at 20 liter + calcium, F4 = Hamoon Green 1 liter at 30 liter + Calcium. The results showed that I2 caused a significant decrease in plant height, stem diameter, number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain and biological yield and oil percentage, and also F2 increased the above traits except the percentage of oil. Interaction effects showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoid, selenium and calcium content of grain obtained from I1F2. The highest amount of proline in I2F2 observed. The highest of these traits was obtained from F2. Generally, spraying of the organic growth stimulator can be moderates the harmful effects of drought stress in rapeseed and 27% improved seed yield.
mehdi taheri asghari
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of municipal sewage sludge, Azotobacter, and Azospirillum on some nitrogen indices and fatty acid composition of Canola, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the field of South Tehran Water and ...
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In order to investigate the effect of municipal sewage sludge, Azotobacter, and Azospirillum on some nitrogen indices and fatty acid composition of Canola, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the field of South Tehran Water and Wastewater Company during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The experiment is a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors include canola seed inoculation in three levels (without inoculation, inoculation with azotobacter, and inoculation with azospirillum) and the use of municipal sewage sludge in five levels (control, recommended fertilizer, 10, 20, and 30 tons of sewage sludge). Results show that the interaction between seed inoculation and sewage sludge treatments on eicosanoic, palmitic, and arachidonic fatty acids has been significant at 1% and on stearic acid at 5%. Aztobacter and 30 tons of sewage sludge treatment (2680 kg/ha) has had the highest grain yield, 23.5% higher than the control treatment (2170 kg/ha). The highest amount of oleic and linoleic acid is obtained from 30 tons of sewage sludge treatment with 61.23% and 18.41%, respectively. Nitrogen uptake efficiency is the highest in fertilizer recommendation treatment with Azotobacter (16.79%). Interaction effects of inoculation and sewage sludge treatments on both trait consumption efficiency and productivity efficiency (agricultural) have been significant in terms of biomass and grain yield. Results indicate that the use of nitrogen fertilizer in proper amount, provided that it is in a timely manner, combined with inoculation could have a greater effect on productivity efficiency (agricultural) index. It can be stated that with appropriate use of sewage sludge, and necessary precautions, it can be a good substitute for nitrogen fertilizers.
Benjamin Torabi; Najebullah Ebrahimi; Afshin Soltani; Ebrahim Zeinali
Abstract
The present study was conducted to parameterize the SSM_iCrop model and evaluate the prediction of growth and development of faba bean in Gorgan climate condition. This study was carried out on faba bean cv."Barkat" as split-plot in randomized complete block design with four replications at Gorgan University ...
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The present study was conducted to parameterize the SSM_iCrop model and evaluate the prediction of growth and development of faba bean in Gorgan climate condition. This study was carried out on faba bean cv."Barkat" as split-plot in randomized complete block design with four replications at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2015-2016. The experimental factors consisted of planting date (27 November, 25 December and 31 January) and plant density (5, 15, 25 and 35 plants/m2). The parameters of phonological stages, leaf expansion and senescence, production and distribution of dry matter and water balance were estimated using the present data experiment and other data. The results of model evaluation showed that, it can well predict, days to flowering (RMSE = 3.8 and CV =4.1), days to maturity (RMSE = 11.9 and CV= 8.1), node number on main stem (RMSE = 1.7 and CV = 10.0), leaf area index (RMSE =0.8 CV =28.8), biological yield (RMSE = 158.5 and CV =21.6) and seed yield (RMSE = 118.6 and CV = 24.7). Therefore, the SSM_iCrop model can be used to evaluate the agronomic management and analyze the growth and yield of faba bean in Gorgan conditions.
moslem heydari; Mehrdad Chaichi
Abstract
Objective: Seed priming is the simplest and the best method to increase seed germination speed.Methods: To address this, in a study aimed at the effect of priming of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars on various germination characteristics, in the form of a factorial experiment was conducted ...
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Objective: Seed priming is the simplest and the best method to increase seed germination speed.Methods: To address this, in a study aimed at the effect of priming of different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars on various germination characteristics, in the form of a factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replications in the research greenhouse of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamadan province in 2022. Treatments including priming of seeds with fertilizers 1. Biozar, 2. Seafull amino zinc, 3. Sabzine, 4. Royesh, 5. Ecobooster, and 6. control (no fertilizer application), and different barley cultivars including Jolgeh, Bahman, Azaran, Abidar, Ghaflan, and Sahand.Results: The results indicated a significant effect of seed priming on the evaluated characteristics compared to the control treatment. The highest enzyme activities of catalase (0.117 Unit/ml) and peroxidase (85.08 Unit/ml) were obtained in seedlings obtained from seeds priming with Seafull amino zinc, which were 72 and 33% more than control treatments, respectively. The highest seedling vigor index was related to the seeds priming with seafull amino zinc fertilizer (26.55), which was significantly higher than the control treatment (22.84) and other treatments. Also, the germination percentage of seeds priming with seafull amino zinc fertilizer was significantly higher (3.5%) than the control.Conclusion: Considering that seed priming is a cost-effective and easy method and at the same time it is simple and does not require complex technical knowledge, it can be easily implemented by farmers. Therefore, this method is recommended to improve germination, seedling growth, and the quality and strength of barley seeds.
Kerametollah Saeidi; Fatemeh Sefidkon; Alireza Babaei
Abstract
In this investigation some chemical and morphological properties of dog rose fruit in 10 regions of north Iran were measured. Results showed significant difference between traits in studied regions. Beta-carotene ranged between 0.05 – 0.323 (mg/g FW). Total soluble carbohydrate varied from 5.9 ...
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In this investigation some chemical and morphological properties of dog rose fruit in 10 regions of north Iran were measured. Results showed significant difference between traits in studied regions. Beta-carotene ranged between 0.05 – 0.323 (mg/g FW). Total soluble carbohydrate varied from 5.9 – 23.3%. The highest content of total anthocyanin 23.7 and the lowest was 7.71(mg/L cyanidin-3-glucoside). The highest and lowest amount of TSS in regions under study was 15.72 and 34.9%, respectively. GGE biplot method used for studying effect of different regions on chemical and morphological properties. IR56 accession had highest amount of beta-carotene according to the polygon. The highest content of and total anthocyanin obtained from IR51. Pearson’s coefficients showed that fruit weight had significantly correlation with fruit flesh. Fruit length had significantly correlation with fruit width. Also Total soluble carbohydrate correlation with total anthocyanin and TSS was significant. Obtained results from this study could be used in the future breeding program of dog rose.
Mahboobeh Fizabadi; Zahra Ghahremani; Taher Barzegar; Ahmad Golchin
Abstract
Today, the production of healthy and high quality seedlings is the main factors of success in growing vegetables such as tomato. Hence, in order to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost and nitrogen on the growth parameters of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rio ...
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Today, the production of healthy and high quality seedlings is the main factors of success in growing vegetables such as tomato. Hence, in order to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost and nitrogen on the growth parameters of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rio Grande), a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete design with three replications in 2014 at the research greenhouse of Department of Horticultural Science, University of Zanjan. Treatments consisted of five vermicompost levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 wt %) and nitrogen at five levels (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg N/kg soil). The results showed that nitrogen treatments caused a significant increase in seedling growth. The maximum seedling height, dry weight of root and stem, fresh weight of stem, leaf area and chlorophyll content was observed in 100 mg N/kg Soil. The vermicompost treatments significantly increased seedling growth, so the highest seedling height, internodes length, root and stem length, fresh and dry weight of root and leaf area was obtained in the 10 wt% vermicompost. Also vermicompost caused a significant decrease in growth period of transplant and the minimum period (39.6 days) was recorded in the 10 wt% vermicompost. According to the results the concentration of N. P and K in leaf increased with application of vermicompost. Application of 100 mg N/ kg soil and 10 wt% vermicompost improved seedling growth
Amir Hajjarpoor; Habibolah Kashiri
Abstract
In this study, collecting of management information from about 700 wheat farms in Golestan province was conducted during two growing seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. In each of region, potential yields, the optimum crop management and simultaneously the percentage of wheat farms out of the optimal ...
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In this study, collecting of management information from about 700 wheat farms in Golestan province was conducted during two growing seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. In each of region, potential yields, the optimum crop management and simultaneously the percentage of wheat farms out of the optimal ranges were identified in both irrigated and rainfed conditions using boundary line analysis. To do this, the information was analyzed in three parts of irrigated, high- and low-yield rainfed conditions. By plotting farm’s yield data scatter, against management factors, highest yields in different levels of input or management factors were selected and a boundary function was fitted to the upper boundary of data points. According to the results, potential yield for irrigated, high- and low-yield rainfed wheat were estimated equal to 6816, 5791 and 3932 kg ha-1 with a yield gap of 42, 31 and 50 percent, respectively. The optimum ranges of sowing date, seeding rate, plant density, frequency and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, the amount of nitrogen applied after sowing, the amount of phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium fertilizers (K2O) applied and irrigation frequency were determined according to the results. Consider the optimum managements, farmers in each region can shrink the yield gap and reach potential yield result in increasing the amount of wheat production in Golestan province.
Emel Moghadam; Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani; Ahmad Farrokhian Firozi; Zahra Ramazani; Farkhondeh Eskandari
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelate and iron chelate fertilizers on morphological traits and essential oil content of holy basil, an experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Horticultural, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz based on randomized complete ...
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To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelate and iron chelate fertilizers on morphological traits and essential oil content of holy basil, an experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Horticultural, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz based on randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were including control, nano iron chelate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/l) and iron chelate (1 and 1.5 g/l) fertilizers. Foliar application of fertilizers was done at six to eight leaves stage and was repeated with 15 days interval until the end of the study. Intended traits were measured at full bloom stage. The results showed that the effect of foliar application of iron fertilizers on morphological traits such as plant height, axillaries shoots, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of leaf and aerial parts and essential oil content of holy basil were significant. The highest and lowest values of mentioned traits were obtained in plants sprayed with 1 g/lnano iron chelate and control, respectively. Overall, regarding to non-significant difference between 1 and 1.5 g/lnano iron chelate and 1.5 g/liron chelate treatments, for increasing mentioned traits of holy basil, foliar application of nano iron chelate with 1g/l is recommended.