Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Crop production, and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

2 AssistantProfessor, Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effects of organic, chemical and biological fertilizers on plant and soil properties in saffron cultivation the experiment was performed as factorial with two factors based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahed University during 2015-2016 growing seson. in this experiment the first factor was nitrogen fertilizer (urea) in three levels (0, 50 and 100 kg per ha) and second factor was different types of non-chemical fertilizers in four levels (control, vermicompost, PGPR biofertilizer containing bacteria Pseudomonas and Bacillus and integrated application of biofertilizer and vermicompost). The results showed that fertilizer treatments affect significantly on qualitative and quantitative properties of plant and soil. Among the fertilizer treatments, the integrated application of vermicompost alongwith 50 kg/ha chamical fertilizers showed the most significant increment in yields and improved soil properties. As in this treatment stigma dry yield, soil nitrogen content, soil organic mater and available soil phosphorus increase by 42.6, 66.67, 68.39, and 43.75% compared to control, respectively. Totally integrated application of vermicompost alongwith half of recommended urea fertilizer can increase yield and improve soil properties in saffron cultivation.

Keywords

اسکندری س، قربانی ر، رضوانی­مقدم پ و نصیری م (1393) اثر کابرد منفرد و تلفیقی کودهای زیستی، شیمیایی و آلی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی مارتیغال. نشریه بوم‌شناسی کشاورزی .6(3): 467-476. 
احمدی­آبادی ز، قاجار م و رحیمی س (1390) اثر کاربرد ورمی­کمپوست بر برخی ویژگی­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک. علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، علوم آب و خاک. 15(58):125-137. 
بدوی ه، عالم‌زاده ن و اطمینان س (1392) تأثیر کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست غنی شده با کود شیمیایی بر برخی از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی گوجه‌فرنگی قبل از تشکیل میوه. هشتمین کنگره علوم باغبانی ایران.
رستمی م و محمدی ه (1392) بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بنه بر رشد و عملکرد زعفران (Crucus sativus L.) در شرایط اقلیمی ملایر. نشریه بوم­شناسی کشاورزی. 5(1): 38-27.
رسولی ز، ملکی فراهانی س و بشارتی ه (1392) واکنش برخی از منابع رویشی زعفران (Crucus sativus L.) به منابع کودی مختلف. مجله پژوهش­های زعفران (علوم خاک و آب). 27(1). 6
رضوانی ­مقدم پ، محمدآبادی ع، فلاحی ح و اقحوانی م (1393) اثر مدیریت تغذیه­ای بر عملکرد گل و رشد بنه در گیاه زعفران مزروعی (Crocus sativus L.). علوم باغبانی. علوم و صنایع کشاورزی. 28(3):.434-427. 7
ملکی ­فراهانی س، مظاهری د و چایی­چی م (1392) تأثیر کاربرد توام کودهای شیمیایی و ارگانیک بر خصوصیات شیمیایی گیاه و خاک در کشت جو در شرایط کم­آبیاری. به­زراعی کشاورزی. 15(2): 74-61.
Ahmad R, Naveed M, Aslam M, Zahir ZA, Arshad M and Jilani G (2008) Economizing the use of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production through enriched compost. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 23: 243-249.
Alidadi H, Hosseinzadeh A, Najafpoor AA, Esmaili H, Zanganeh J, Dolatabadi M and Ghasemy F (2016) Waste recycling by vermicomposting: Maturity and quality assessment via dehydrogenase enzyme activity, lignin, water soluble carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and other indicators. Environmental Management. 182: 134-140.
Amini S, Maleki Farahani S, Sharghi Y and Zahedi H (2014) Influence of vermicompost and bacterium of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on growth, yield and morphological traits of saffron. Applied Science and Agriculture. 9(3): 933-941
Azarmi R, Torabi M and Didar R (2008) Influence of vermicompost on soil chemical and physical properties in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) field. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7(14): 2397-2401.
Azarpoor E, Moradi M and Bozorgi HR (2012) Effect of Vermicompost application and seed inoculation with biological nitrogen fertilizer under different plant densities in Soybean (Glycin max L. cultivar, Williams). African Journal of Agricultural Research. 7: 1534-1540.
Berger LR, Stamford NP, Santos CERS, Freitas ADS, Franco LO and Stamford TCM (2013) Plant and soil characteristics affected by biofertilizers from rocks and organic matter inoculated with diazotrophicbacteria and fungi that produce chitosan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 13(3): 592-603.
Edwards CA (2004) Earthworm Ecology. Published by CRC Press. Boca Raton. Second edition. 441 pp.
Hu XF, Chen J and Guo JF )2006( Two phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria isolated fromTiannumountain, Zhejiang, China. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 22: 983-990.
Iqbal AM, Samad SS, Aijaz AA, Nehvi FA, Gowhar A, Niyaz AD and Aijaz AL (2012) Impact of Corm weight on Saffron yield under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir. Vegetos. 25(2): 303-305.
ISO/TS 3632-1/2 (2003) Technical Specification. Saffron (Crocus sativus L). Ed. ISO. Geneva. Switzerland.
Marulanda A, Barea JM and Azcon R (2009) Stimulation of plant growth and drought tolerance by native microorganisms (AM fungi and bacteria) from dry environments: mechanisms related to bacterial effectiveness. Plant Growth Regulation. 28: 115-124.
Parray JA, Kamili1 AN, Reshi ZA, Hamid R and Qadri RA (2013) Screening of beneficial properties of rhizobacteria isolated from Saffron (Crocus sativus L) rhizosphere. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 7(23): 2905-2910.
Ravindran B, Wong JWC, Selvam A and Sekaran G (2016) Influence of microbial diversity and plant growth hormones in compost and vermicompost from fermented tannery waste. Bioresource Technology. 217: 200-204.
Roy S, Arunachalam K, Dutta BK and Arunachalam A (2010) Effect of organicamendments of soil on growth and productivity of three common crops viz Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris and Abelmoschus esculentus. Applied Soil Ecology .45(2): 78-84.
Shirani H, Abolhasani M, Lakzian A and Akhgar A (2011) Decomposition rate of municipalwastes compost, vermicompost, manure and pistaco compost in different soil texture and salinity inlaboratory condition. Water and Soil. 25: 84-93.
Singh R, Divya S, Awasthi A and Kalra A )2012( Technology for efficient and successful delivery of vermicompost colonized bioinoculants in Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) Benth. Microbiologyand Biotechnology. 28: 323-333.
Song X, Liu M, Wu D, Griffiths BS, Jiao J, Li H and Hu F (2015) Interaction matters: Synergy between vermicompost and PGPR agents improves soil quality, crop quality and crop yield in the field. Applied Soil Ecology. 89: 25-34.
Yang L, Zhao F, Chang Q, Li T and Li F (2015) Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse under different soil water regimes. Agricultural Water Management. 160: 98-105.