farzaneh Pimard; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Ali Niazi; Alireza Shahsavar; Mohammad-Reza Nouri-Emamzadei
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of agriculture in many parts of the world, especially Iran. Understanding the mechanism behind drought stress’ effect on physiological and biochemical processes of genotypes is very useful for selecting and breeding genotypes compatible with Iranian ...
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Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of agriculture in many parts of the world, especially Iran. Understanding the mechanism behind drought stress’ effect on physiological and biochemical processes of genotypes is very useful for selecting and breeding genotypes compatible with Iranian conditions. For this purpose, the present study has been conducted in 2018-2019 in the Biotechnology Research Institute of Shiraz University to investigate the effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of both years’ old pomegranate seedlings of Wonderful cultivar in greenhouse conditions. Irrigation has been carried out at four levels of 100% (control), 75%, 55%, and 35% of field capacity for 50 days. The experiment is based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results show that drought stress has significantly increased carotenoids, flavonoids, malondialdehyde, and proline. The relative leaf water content, cell membrane stability and anthocyanins has decreased, though there has been no significant difference in chlorophyll and glycine betaine levels between drought treatments. Also, the hydrogen peroxide (81%) and activity of superoxide dismutase (480%), catalase (96%), and ascorbate peroxidase (96%) in 35% of field capacity significantly has increased. According to the results of this study, especially the increase in proline and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress, tolerance mechanisms in pomegranate cultivar Wonderful can be associated with active osmotic regulation and active enzymatic antioxidant system.
Najebullah Ebrahimi; Benjamin Torabi; Afshin Soltani; Ebrahim Zenali
Abstract
To analyze the growth, it is necessary to access to accurate and well-arranged data obtained from measuring leaf area and dry matter accumulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different nonlinear regression models to study the trend of changes in leaf area index and dry matter production ...
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To analyze the growth, it is necessary to access to accurate and well-arranged data obtained from measuring leaf area and dry matter accumulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different nonlinear regression models to study the trend of changes in leaf area index and dry matter production and to estimate the parameters related to the growth analysis. The experiment was conducted on faba bean "cv. Barkat" in a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three planting dates and four densities in four replications. In this study, the beta and logistic models were fitted to the leaf surface data and the beta, Gompertz and logistic models to dry matter production. AICc benchmark showed that the beta model was fitted to the leaf surface data the better than the logistic model. LAImax in different densities varied between 2.3 to 5.3, tm between 131.9 and 144.2, and te between 158.7 and 163.5 days after planting. AICc benchmark showed that the beta model was fitted to the dry matter accumulation data the better than the Gompertz and logistic models. Wmax in different densities varied between 725.1 and 1484.3 g/m2, tm between 138.3 and 146.4 and te between 162.60 and 179.0 days after planting. Grain yield varied from 231 to 2744 g/m2, and with increasing density in each planting date, grain yield showed the increased trend. The results showed that yield changes were directly affected by maximum leaf area index, maximum dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate.
Fatemeh Sadeghi; Ali Tadayyon
Abstract
Due to importance of nitrogen on the agronomic traits of linseed oil, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at the field research station of Faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2012. Five different treatments of fertilizer including ...
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Due to importance of nitrogen on the agronomic traits of linseed oil, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at the field research station of Faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2012. Five different treatments of fertilizer including urea, azomin, nitroxin, supernitroplus and control (without nitrogen) as the first factor and three ectotype of Iranian, French and Canadian linseed as second factor were evaluted. The results showed that, ecotypes and fertilizer treatments had significant effects on the plant height, leaf number, number of lateral branches, number of capsule, shoot dry weight per plant and grain yield per m2. The maximum leaf number, number of lateral branches, number of capsule and shoot dry weight per plant were observed in French ecotype, while for the other traits, Iranian ecotype had priority. The traits measured under the chemical nitrogen treatment (urea) was greater than other fertilizer treatment. Although the resonse of linseed to biological and organic nitrogen was lower than chemical nitrogen but it was significantly higher than control. Thus, application of biological and organic nitrogen, due to less environmental pollution, is reasonable compare to chemical fertilizer.
Gholamhasan Movahed; Nهئش Ahmadi; Ahmad Moieni; Amin Nasiri
Abstract
In order to evaluate self and cross-incompatibility in two ecotypes of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), this experiment was performed based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at the research field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2012-2013. In this ...
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In order to evaluate self and cross-incompatibility in two ecotypes of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), this experiment was performed based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at the research field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2012-2013. In this experiment, twice pollinations were performed 24-hour interval, after doing in vitro testing pollen grain germination. Pollens collected from Kashan and Azaran ecotypes and Dog rose (Rosa canina) were applied as pollinizer for self- and cross-artificial pollination on both ecotypes. Determination of self and cross incompatibility were conducted with two methods of field controlled pollination and microscopic studies. Results obtained from percentage of hip development, hip weight and length, as well as seed production per hip showed that cross pollination with Dog rose pollen had the highest compatibility, comparing to pollen of Kashan and Azaran ecotypes that showed incompatibility. Also, twice pollinations had better result in comparison to one-time pollination. Field results were supported by microscopic studies based on growing pollen tube in style. According to growing pollen tube in style, just pollen tube of Dog rose could get to end of style. The concentration of acid boric (50 mg/kg) showed the highest pollen germination after 24 h, while 200 mg/kg acid boric increased pollen tube growth. According to the present results, selection of suitable pollinizer and repetition of pollination were important factors affecting Damask rose crossing, as twice controlled cross pollination by Dog rose pollen had most appropriate results on hip characteristics.
Mitra Asadi doost toli; Mehdi Behnamian; Sara Dezhsetan
Abstract
Edible shiitake mushroom is a relatively fragrant mushroom and grows on different types of dead hard woods. This mushroom ranks second in the world in total yearly mushroom production. On the hand, thousand tons of agricultural wastes are burned or discarded yearly. Hence, to evaluate the shiitake mushroom ...
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Edible shiitake mushroom is a relatively fragrant mushroom and grows on different types of dead hard woods. This mushroom ranks second in the world in total yearly mushroom production. On the hand, thousand tons of agricultural wastes are burned or discarded yearly. Hence, to evaluate the shiitake mushroom production possibility on agricultural wastes, an experiment designed based on completely randomized design with three replications. In this study, barley straw, millet straw and wheat straw used as main substrate with 10 and 20 percentage, respectively. The results showed that the highest biological efficiency were observed on barley straw (88.14 percent) and wheat straw with 20 percent sawdust (83.37 percent), respectively and the lowest biological efficiency were obtained on wheat straw (26.48 percent). In addition to, the highest yield was occurred on barley straw (25.28g/500g wet weight of substrate). However, the lowest yield observed on wheat straw (5.27g/500g wet weight of substrate), respectively. In general, the results showed that yield and biological efficiency of shiitake, on the barley and millet straw had increased as the level of sawdust boosted.
Ali Yazdan panah gohari; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi; Vahid Zarrin nia
Abstract
Mycorrhiza is a common group of microorganisms that can establish symbiotic relations with plants. To evaluate symbiosis and compatibility between a collection of chicory seeds and mycorrhizal fungi, through inoculation, a factorial experiment is set up in a randomized complete block design. Two batches ...
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Mycorrhiza is a common group of microorganisms that can establish symbiotic relations with plants. To evaluate symbiosis and compatibility between a collection of chicory seeds and mycorrhizal fungi, through inoculation, a factorial experiment is set up in a randomized complete block design. Two batches of chicory seed (Ardabil and Fars) are inoculated by two species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) with the control group of the seeds not being inoculated at all. Three replicates have been arranged in a greenhouse. The research aims at examining how the two species of mycorrhizal fungi affect several plant traits and the amounts of phytochemical compounds (i.e. phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll), fresh and dry weights of roots and root length. It also deals with chicory roots’ ability to absorb several elements. Results show that seed batch and mycorrhizal fungi have significant impacts on vegetative traits, chlorophyll content, phenol, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in plants. The highest amounts of total phenol production (3.77 mg/g fresh weight), total flavonoids (1.21 mg/g fresh weight), antioxidant activity (5.23 mg/g fresh weight), root growth and chlorophyll content are observed in the Ardabil batch when treated with G. intraradices. The lowest amounts of these values are recorded in the Fars batch where no mycorrhizal inoculation has been applied. The two batches of seeds grow into plants with different growth rates and phytochemical compositions. The growth parameters of plants improve in the case of mycorrhizal inoculation. The effects of G. intraradices are more efficient than those of G. mosseae in symbiosis with chicory plants. Based on the results of the present study and considering the compatibility of mycorrhiza with the environment, the use of these fungi can substantially increase the yield of various plants, especially medicinal plants.
Mehdi Ramezani; Seyed Mohammad Reza Ehteshami; Mohsen Sharifi; Mohammad Reza Chaichi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of biofertilizer inoculation and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on mineral elements absorption in forage corn SC. 540 under humidity regimes, an experiment was conducted as Line source based on a randomized completele block design with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different levels of biofertilizer inoculation and phosphorus chemical fertilizer on mineral elements absorption in forage corn SC. 540 under humidity regimes, an experiment was conducted as Line source based on a randomized completele block design with three replications during two growing seasons of 2012 and 2013. The implementation of Line source was applied four levels of irrigation (not stress, mild stress, moderate stress, severe stress). Five phosphorus levels included the application of 100 percent triple super phosphate fertilizer and without biofertilizer, 75 percent recommended chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer, 50 percent recommended chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer, 25 percent recommended chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer, biofertilizer and without chemical fertilizer, too. The results of experiment showed significant differences of fertilizer treatment in most of studied traits in the first and second of year. The highest of fresh and dry forage yield obtained to apply treatment of 100 percent triple super phosphate fertilizer and without biofertilizer that this value wasn’t statistically significant difference with 75 percent recommended chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer. The mineral elements absorption decreased with increasing of stress condition. The highest amount of absorption of phosphors recorded in 75 percent recommended chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer, although in stress condition, the highest amount of absorption of phosphor recorded in 50 percent recommended chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer.
Masoumeh Pouresmael; Jalal Rastegar; Mehdi Zangiabadi
Abstract
In this study, salinity tolerance of 51 Kabuli chickpea genotypes was investigated at vegetative growth phase using 4.5 and 6.5 ds/m salt solution (by adding NaCl to 1/2 Hoagland solution) and 1/2 Hoagland solution (EC= 1.7 ds/m) as control treatment. A split plot design was used in this experiment where ...
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In this study, salinity tolerance of 51 Kabuli chickpea genotypes was investigated at vegetative growth phase using 4.5 and 6.5 ds/m salt solution (by adding NaCl to 1/2 Hoagland solution) and 1/2 Hoagland solution (EC= 1.7 ds/m) as control treatment. A split plot design was used in this experiment where the main plot was salinity treatments and the sub plot was genotypes. Treatments continued until 40 days and after that, shoot length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and biomass ratio were measured. Genotypes responded differently to saline condition. Based on vegetative biomass production under salt treatments in comparison with control treatment, different salinity tolerance indices calculated. Ranking of genotypes based on these indices indicated that, the genotypes number 5620, 6364, 5941, 5280, 6142, 6356, 5843 and Hashem cultivar were more tolerant to salinity. Under 6.5 ds/m NaCl, genotype 6142 was the most tolerant genotype. Sowing the genotypes at saline soil generally affected by Na+ and Cl- with electrical conductivity of 9.8 ds/m at Neishabur (Feiz abad) field caused strong damages on all the genotypes and 60 days after planting none of the genotypes could survive at saline field. High salinity level in the field in comparison with salinity tolerance threshold of the chickpea genotypes might be the reason for this reaction
Mohammad Ali Shiri; Malek Ghasemi
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different methods of complementary pollination on the qualitative characteristics of kiwifruit cv. Hayward in order to introduce the most effective and practical complementary pollination method.
Methods: The present study evaluated ...
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Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different methods of complementary pollination on the qualitative characteristics of kiwifruit cv. Hayward in order to introduce the most effective and practical complementary pollination method.
Methods: The present study evaluated the effect of different methods of complementary pollination [open pollination, hand pollination from male flowers of the tumor cultivar, spray pollination with pure pollen and spray pollination with impure pollen (collected from the entrance of bees' nests at the time of opening kiwifruit male flowers) on the qualitative characteristics of kiwifruit cv. Hayward in the Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (Ramsar city) in 2021 based on the randomized complete block design in three replications.
Results: The results showed that the amount of titratable acids, maturity index, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were not affected by different methods of complementary pollination. Fruits obtained from spray pollination with impure pollen had the highest single tree yield (98.32 kg per tree), hectare yield (40.39 tons per hectare), number of seeds (1038), amount of soluble solids (7.07 °Brix), chlorophyll a (1.71 mg100 g-1 FW), total chlorophyll (3.11 mg100 g-1 FW), vitamin C (60.27 mg100 g-1 FW), and total fruit phenol (79.62 mg100 g-1 FW). Moreover, these fruits were in more favorable conditions regarding sensory and taste evaluations.
Conclusion: Overall, it is possible to recommend complementary pollination according to spray pollination with impure pollen as the most effective and practical method to increase fruit quality for kiwifruit growers.
Rahimeh Hosseinpour; Mahdi Ghajar Sepanlou; Soroosh Salek Gilani
Abstract
In order to study the effect of vermicompost individually and enriched with chemical fertilizer on soil micronutrient content and micronutrient concentration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), athree year experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design in two factors and three replications ...
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In order to study the effect of vermicompost individually and enriched with chemical fertilizer on soil micronutrient content and micronutrient concentration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), athree year experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design in two factors and three replications at the experimental farm of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2008. The main plot included six fertilizer treatments consisting of T1 )control(, T2) chemical fertilizers(, T3 (20 ton.ha-1 of vermicompost enriched with 50 percent chemical fertilizer), T4 (20 ton.ha-1 of vermicompost individually), T5 (40 ton.ha-1 of vermicompost enriched with 50 percent chemical fertilizer) and T6 (40 ton.ha-1 of vermicompost) individually. One – year (2006), two - year (2006-7) and three - year (2006-8) application of that fertilizer were considered as sub plots. The results showed that different treatments had significant effects on the available contant of Fe and Zn of soil, root and shoots and also on Cu and Mn concentration of the lettuce roots. The result also showed that the concentration of the elements in soil and lettuce affected significantly by one year, two year and three year application of these fertilizers. Interaction of the two factors had significant effect on the avaiable Fe an Zn content of soil and Zn concentration of root and shoot. Totally, from 40 ton.ha-1 vermicompost enriched with 50 percent chemical fertilizers, the highest avaiable micronutrient content was obtained in the soil and the higest micronutrient concentration was obtained in root and shoot of lettuce.
Hamid Zargari; Alireza Talaie; Yahya Dehghani Shurki; Vahid Abdossi
Abstract
One of the problems faced by Phoenix dactylifera L growers in different parts of the country is the lack of a favorable fruit set for tissue culture seedlings of some cultivars recently. This study is conducted to investigate the effects of pollen of different cultivars on the fruit set of Phoenix dactylifera ...
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One of the problems faced by Phoenix dactylifera L growers in different parts of the country is the lack of a favorable fruit set for tissue culture seedlings of some cultivars recently. This study is conducted to investigate the effects of pollen of different cultivars on the fruit set of Phoenix dactylifera L tissue culture and offshoot palms of Barhi, Piaroom, and Mazafati cultivars in the garden of Jahrom Agricultural Research Station. During the years 2018 - 2019, in a factorial experiment, three factors have been performed in three replications with a randomized complete block design. The first factor involves different pollen with five levels (i.e., codes 7001 (control), 7005, 7013, 7030, and Boyer 11 obtained from tissue culture (B11)) with the second factor being the cultivar type in three levels (Barhi, Pyaram, and Mazafati), and the third one, the type of seedlings, all applied on 90 ten-year-old trees in two levels (tissue culture and offshoot). Results show that the highest percentage of natural fruit set has been observed in Mazafati cultivar with 7013 and 7030 pollens and 7013 pollen in Barhi cultivar. The lowest percentage of natural fruit set belongs to tissue culture method in Barhi cultivar with pollen 7001 (control). In general, 7013 and 7030 pollens have been identified as the most suitable pollinator base to increase the percentage of normal fruit set and reduce parthenocarpic and fallen fruits of Barhi, Piaroom, and Mazafati cultivars obtained from tissue culture and offshoot.
ali naderi arefi; ali ahmadi; Manijeh Sabokdast
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effects of drought stress on cotton leaf characteristics and its yield during 2014. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and field conditions at Garmsar agricultural research station. The experimental design was RCBD with 3 replications arranged in split ...
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This study was carried out to examine the effects of drought stress on cotton leaf characteristics and its yield during 2014. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and field conditions at Garmsar agricultural research station. The experimental design was RCBD with 3 replications arranged in split plots. Main plots and subplots designated to water stress levels and genotypes, respectively. In greenhouse, water stress decreased RWC and Excised Leaf Water Loss (ELWL). RWC of genotypes No.221, Aria, Narabri, and Sepid was higher than the others. ELWL of Aria, K8801 and K8802 was more than other genotypes whichalso their RWC was higher. ELWL of Varamin and Sahel cultivars were the lowest. At field conditions, the effects of 9, 12, 18, 24 and 30 day irrigation intervals after first flower stage, on yields of these cultivars were studied. Nine days intervals increased the yield of Varamin, Khordad and K8801 but their difference was not statistically significant. At fourth and fifth irrigation intervals,the yield of all genotypes decreased. 18 days intervals lead to yield loss too, but, because of insignificant decrease and for efficient use of water, it can be recommended that after normal irrigation from planting to first flower, to irrigate of cotton at 18 day intervals. Extension of K8801 can reduce water use and may help to permanent production.
Akram Vatankhah; Saeed Reezi; Zahra Izadi; Abdorahman Motamedi; Mahdi Ghasemi Varnamkhasti
Abstract
In this study, the tms2 gene, the cause of crown gall, is detected in two Rosa hybrida L. (“Pearl” and “Angelina”) cultivars using electrochemical methods. In this study, stabilization, and hybridization of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) related to tms2 gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens ...
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In this study, the tms2 gene, the cause of crown gall, is detected in two Rosa hybrida L. (“Pearl” and “Angelina”) cultivars using electrochemical methods. In this study, stabilization, and hybridization of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) related to tms2 gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For this purpose, the pencil graphite electrode is modified with nanomaterials including reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles. The biosensor could be used to detect infected samples of “Angelina” and “Pearl” roses. DNA/DNA hybridization is performed by placing an electrode modified with ssDNA at a concentration of two (µmol/L) target DNA. Results show proper stabilization and hybridization of DNA at the electrode surface. The designed biosensor has good selectivity. DNA-based nanosensor has advantages such as low cost, simplicity, and scalability and can be the basis for the development of genomic detection tools.
Erfan Sepahvand; Mahmood GHasem nejhad; Mohammad Reza Fattahi Moghadam; Alireza Talaei; Mohammad Ali Askari
Abstract
In this study, the effect of foliar spray with calcium chloride (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before commercial harvesting time of apple fruit cv. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’ which trained in three different systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) was investigated. ...
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In this study, the effect of foliar spray with calcium chloride (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before commercial harvesting time of apple fruit cv. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’ which trained in three different systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) was investigated. The results showed that types of training systems and foliar application of calcium can affect on fruits quality at harvest time. Tree yield, fruits weigh and fruit tissue firmness of ‘Gala’ was significantly higher than ‘Delbarestival’. Furthermore, calcium spray increased fruit firmness in compared to control and TA deacresead in compared to control. Calcium treatment increased fruit skin a* value that means more antocyanin synthesis and redness. Results generally showed that ‘Gala’ apple trained in HighTech and V shape systems as well as ‘Delbarestival’ in HighTech produced the higher fruits weight and size as well as quality favorite in compare to other system.
mohammad reza rahimi; alireza yousefi; khalil jamshidi; MAJID POURYOUSEF
Abstract
This experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan in Spring of 2012 to introduce an integrated weed management method in fennel. Treatments were type of herbicide (trifluralin and pendimethalin), application dose (recommend dose in other crop (R), 75 ...
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This experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan in Spring of 2012 to introduce an integrated weed management method in fennel. Treatments were type of herbicide (trifluralin and pendimethalin), application dose (recommend dose in other crop (R), 75 percent R, 50 percent R, and 0 percent R) and supplemental control (none, one hand-weeding at 50 day after planting (DAP) and, wheat straw mulch 2 kg m-2). A plot with whole season hand weeding was also included as check. The results showed that weed biomass loss, fennel yield and yield components significantly affected by weed control treatments. Pendimethalin provided better weeds control than trifluralin. Experimental results also showed that the use of herbicides resulted in reduced weed biomass but did not provide season long weed control without an additional supplemental control. Overall, the recommended dose of pendimethalin (1320 g ai ha-1) followed by one hand-weeding at 50 DAP produced consistently high yield (3561 kg ha-1) and weed biomass loss (92 percent).
Samaneh Asadisanam; Mohsen Zavareh; Hematolah Pirdashti; Fatemeh Sefidkon; Ghorban Ali Nemat Zadeh
Abstract
Purple conefloweras top-selling medicinal plant is widely used in Europe and North America for the treatment of common cold. This experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement with three replications in Research Farm of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology ...
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Purple conefloweras top-selling medicinal plant is widely used in Europe and North America for the treatment of common cold. This experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement with three replications in Research Farm of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan in 2012-13. Experimental treatments included three transplanting dates (April 9, May 9 and June 8, 2013), and three plant population densities (7, 10 and 16 plant/m2) which considered as main and subplots, respectively. Results showed a relative compensatory effect of higher population density until 10 plants/m2, however, delayed planting resulted to decrease in total shoot, leaf (L) and stem (S) dry weights. It represents that the highest flower (F) dry weight (27.1 g/plant) was related to planting on May 9 with 10 plant/m2 density. Ratio of L/shoot was greater than S/Shoot than F/shoot dry weight. The highest (L+F)/Shoot ratio was related to the April and May planting dates while the highest S/Shoot ratio was related June’s planting date. Maximum total phenol content of leaves (51.1 mg of GAE/ g dry matter) and stems (35.9 mg of GAE/ g dry matter) were measured in plants cultivated on April 9 with a density of 10 plant/m2. The highest total phenolic content of flowers (56.5 mg of GAE/ g dry matter) was determined in plants cultivated on May 9 with a density of 10 plant/m2. Total phenol of flowers was greater in leaves than stems. Overall, it could be concluded that early planting of purple coneflower on April 9 with 10 plant/m2 density was suitable for leaf and stem dry weight and total phenol production, while the delayed planting until May 9 with a population density of 10 plant/m2 was favorite for flower as production of dry weight and total phenol, according to the experiment conditions
Mahtab Noori; Farangis Ghanavati; Gholam Reza Bakhshi khaniki; Hamid Sobhanian; Hamid Reza Fanay
Abstract
Objective: In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals, 15 selected Okra genotypes from the National Gene Bank of Iran were cultivated and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2020-2021 crop year in the experimental research farm of the Seedling ...
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Objective: In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals, 15 selected Okra genotypes from the National Gene Bank of Iran were cultivated and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2020-2021 crop year in the experimental research farm of the Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute in Karaj (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute).Methods: After the plants entered the three-leaf stage, irrigation was done once every 5 and 10 days.Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of drought stress on all measured traits, including plant height, fruit yield, biological yield, number of ripe fruits, weight of ripe fruit, diameter of ripe fruit, number of seeds per ripe fruit, 1000-seed weight, sugar, and protein content, was statistically significant. Under drought-stress conditions, the mean of all evaluated traits (except soluble sugars) was reduced. The highest fruit yield (12.06 tons per hectare) belonged to genotype 10, which decreased by 37.5% compared to the non-stress conditions of this genotype. Genotypes 1 and 12 had the least change in protein content, genotypes 4 and 6 had the least change in sugar content, and genotypes 9 and 11 had the least change in biological function. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from this experiment, the best genotype in terms of fruit yield was genotype 10, and in terms of biological function, genotypes 9 and 11 were recommended for use in areas with water shortages.
Jalal Ghanbari; Marzieh Besharati-Far; Gholamreza khajoei-Nejad
Abstract
Natural habitats of licorice have decreased dramatically while the demand for this plant rises. Licorice seeds exhibit a low germination rate due to secondary dormancy imposed by the hard seed coat. In this study, conducted in the spring of 2021 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, the interaction ...
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Natural habitats of licorice have decreased dramatically while the demand for this plant rises. Licorice seeds exhibit a low germination rate due to secondary dormancy imposed by the hard seed coat. In this study, conducted in the spring of 2021 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, the interaction effect of sulfuric acid (95-97%, 60 min) scarification with gibberellic acid (GA) concentrations (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mgL-1) has been studied in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications. Results show that although there has been no difference in germination between GA levels for scarified seeds, GA at 250 mg L-1 improves germination by 36%, compared to the control in non-chemically scarified ones. In contrast, increasing in GA concentrations increased seedling length, plant height, number of leaves and compound leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, while decreased chlorophyll index (SPAD). As a result, chemical scarification, application of GA at 1000 mg L-1, and germination at room temperature can effectively increase the germination rate and uniformity as well as early growth of licorice plant.
Elham Modiri; Davood Barari Tari; Ebrahim Amiri; Yousef Niknejad; Hormoz Fallah Amoli
Abstract
Objective: In order to simulate yield, leaf area, and nitrogen amount in rice using the ORYZA2000 model under different nitrogen fertilization amounts and splitting, an experiment was carried out at a research farm located in Mazandaran Province (Babol) during 2017-18 based on a factorial in a randomized ...
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Objective: In order to simulate yield, leaf area, and nitrogen amount in rice using the ORYZA2000 model under different nitrogen fertilization amounts and splitting, an experiment was carried out at a research farm located in Mazandaran Province (Babol) during 2017-18 based on a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Methods: The factors were amount of nitrogen in four rates (50, 90, 130, and 170 Kg n ha−1, in urea form) and nitrogen splitting were at four levels (T1: 70% basal + 30% in tillering stage; T2: 33.33% basal + 33.33% in tillering stage + 33.33% in panicle initiation stage; T3: 25% basal + 50% in tillering stage + 25% in panicle initiation stage; T4: 25% basal + 25% in tillering stage + 50% in panicle initiation stage).
Results: By RMSEn four, four, nine, and six percent in calibration and five, four, four, and eight percent in validation, the model successfully simulated respectively grain yield, biomass, grain nitrogen, and total nitrogen. The calibration and validation of the model showed that the mean square error for the leaf area index was 0.5 and 0.4, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the ORYZA2000 model can be used to select the best nitrogen fertilizer management strategy in rice-rich areas of northern Iran.
Saloomeh Taheri; Taher Barzegar; Vali Rabiei; Hossein Rabi Angoorani
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect plant growth. In order to study the effect of Salicylic Acid (SA) on some physiological characteristics of basil under salinity conditions, the experiment was set out as a factorial design in the base of RCBD with three replications. ...
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Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect plant growth. In order to study the effect of Salicylic Acid (SA) on some physiological characteristics of basil under salinity conditions, the experiment was set out as a factorial design in the base of RCBD with three replications. Treatments consisted of four NaCl salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150 mM), salicylic acid at three levels (0, 0.25, 0.5 mM) and two cultivars of basil (purple and green). Results showed that salinity significantly decreased amount of chlorophyll, carotenoid and leaf relative water content. Application of SA increased amounts of chlorophyll, carotenoid and leaf relative water content. The amount of proline, stomatal resistance and electrolyte leakage in leaves increased significantly under salinity condition and decreased with treatment of salicylic acid. The highest amount of chlorophyll b (0.617 mg/g FW-1) and the minimum electrolyte leakage (30.4 percent) was observed with application of 0.5 mM SA under of 0 mM NaCl concentration in green and purple basil cultivars, respectively. Also, the maximum content of proline (11.4 µg/g FW-1) and the lowest rate of stomatal resistance (7.8 s/cm-2) were obtained under 150 mM NaCl in purple and green basil cultivars, respectively. According to the results, application of salicylic acid can be proposed to improve plant growth under salinity conditions.
Mohsen Zafaranieh
Abstract
In order to evaluate yield and yield components properties of cold-tolerant chickpea under winter sowing and complementary irrigation conditions, two experiments in the context of partial balanced block design with 81 chickpea genotypes and three replications were carried out. Complementary irrigation ...
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In order to evaluate yield and yield components properties of cold-tolerant chickpea under winter sowing and complementary irrigation conditions, two experiments in the context of partial balanced block design with 81 chickpea genotypes and three replications were carried out. Complementary irrigation was performed during growing season including irrigation immediately after sowing, 20 days after the first irrigation and at early phase of flowering. After winter cold, survival percentage of the chickpea genotypes was calculated and total precipitation rate from sowing to harvesting was 267 mm. Moreover, properties of grain yield components (survival percentage, pod number per plant, the number of grains per pod and weight of 1000 grains), grain yield, biological yield and harvest indices of the genotypes were measured and recorded. Based on the results, the difference between the genotypes was significant for all the measured properties. Under complementary irrigation, 40 percent of the genotypes showed winter survival rate higher than 76 percent and grain yield in 52 percent of the genotypes was higher than 100gr/m2. Under winter sowing condition, grain yield in 32 percent of the samples was higher than 40gr/m2. Finally, under winter sowing and complementary irrigation regime, the genotypes ‘MCC333’, ‘MCC186’, ‘MCC803’ and ‘MCC743’ possessing yield over 600 kg/ha were determined as the superior genotypes.
Hadi Shooride; Heidar Meftahizade; Mohaddese Heydarzade; Abdollah Yousefi
Abstract
In order to investigate the yield and yield components of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes to supplementary irrigation in rainfed conditions, a two-year study has been conducted in the form of split strip plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at stations ...
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In order to investigate the yield and yield components of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes to supplementary irrigation in rainfed conditions, a two-year study has been conducted in the form of split strip plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at stations Shirvan, Kohnehkand and Mohammadabad research stations in North Khorasan during 2019-2020 cropping years. The main factor includes irrigation levels at three levels: rainfed, two irrigations (after planting and filling seed time), and three irrigations (after planting, pod formation and filling seed), with the second factor being guar genotypes at four levels. The three Genotypes include RGC-1077, RGC-1036, RGC-1025, and Chabahar local population. Results of the combined analysis show that there has been no significant difference between genotype except in the number of days to flowering. On the other hand, the effect of supplementary irrigation treatment on yield characteristics compared to rainfed conditions is significant, though there has not been any significant difference between two and three times of supplementary irrigation. Guar seed yield in the first and second years in the Ashkhaneh region (750.5 and 219.1 kg.ha-1) outperforms Bojnourd and Shirvan. The highest grain yield (590 kg.ha-1) is obtained in the first year from double irrigation and in the second year (271.51 kg.ha-1) from three irrigations. Among the experimental genotypes, the highest grain yield belongs to the RGC-1025 genotype. In general, guar culture of the RGC-1025 genotype can be recommended in the Ashkhaneh area..
Bijan Mehregan; Sadegh Mousavi Fard; Abdolhossein Rezaei Nezhad
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on alleviation of the drought-reverse effects in two Althernanthera genotypes “Entire leaf” and “Undulated leaf”. Pot experiment, consists of equal parts of soil, sand and manure, was carried out as factorial based ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on alleviation of the drought-reverse effects in two Althernanthera genotypes “Entire leaf” and “Undulated leaf”. Pot experiment, consists of equal parts of soil, sand and manure, was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with six replications. After plants establishment, 0, 1 and 2 mM of silicon were weekly sprayed on plants grown under drought stress conditions (90% field capacity (FC), 75 and 55 percent FC). Si treatment started one week before the beginning of drought stress. Samples were taken after 12 weeks of treatment. The analysis of variation showed that increasing drought stress significantly affected all morphological (plant height, stem diameter and root length), physiological (fresh and dry weight of stem and root, relative water content, electrolyte leakage) and biochemical (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline and anthocyanin) characteristics. Whereas, silicon application (especially with 2 mM concentration) alleviated the stress effects and improved growth parameters. Electrolyte leakage as an indicator of cell membrane integrity was decreased by application of silicon. Results of this study showed that different varieties have the variable resistance to stress. In this study, “Undulated leaf” genotype was more resistant compared to “Entire leaf”. So, it can be cultivated in gardens in areas where the water scarcity is prevalent.
Maryam Tatari; Asghar Mousavi; Parisa Mashayekhi
Abstract
For vegetative propagation of Nemaguard, St Julien A, Tetra and GF677 rootstocks via cutting, two separate experiments were carried out in a factorial based on completely randomized design. Semi hardwood cuttings were taken in late August and then treated with concentrations of zero, 1500, 2000, 2500 ...
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For vegetative propagation of Nemaguard, St Julien A, Tetra and GF677 rootstocks via cutting, two separate experiments were carried out in a factorial based on completely randomized design. Semi hardwood cuttings were taken in late August and then treated with concentrations of zero, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 mg/l IBA. Cuttings were cultured in perlite medium and in a greenhouse with mist system. In December, hardwood cuttings were taken and treated with concentrations of zero, 2500, 3000, 3500 and 4000 mg/l IBA. Cuttings were cultured in greenhouse that equipped with bottom heat. After two months, the percentage of rooting, root number and root length were recorded. The results showed that semi hardwood cuttings of GF677 and then Nemaguard and Tetra had the highest root number and the most rooting percentage. Root length of these three rootstocks was not significantly different from each other. St Julien A showed the lowest rooting. Most appropriate concentrations for semi hard wood cutting was 2000, 2500 and 3000 mg/l IBA. Hardwood cuttings of GF677 in 4000 mg/l IBA treatments produced the most number of roots and the highest rooting percentage. Hardwood cuttings of Tetra did not produce any roots. Rooting percentage of semi-hardwood cuttings was higher than hardwood cuttings. In general, application of semi-hard wood cutting of these rootstocks and treatment of those with concentrations of 2000 and 2500 mg/l IBA is advisable.
Moslem Heydari; Nooshin Mir; S. Mohsen Moussavinik
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nanofertilizers functionalized with two organic compounds in phosphorusreleasing and its influence on the growth parameters of bean plant, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design in 3 replicationsat the Agriculture Research Center of Hamadan ...
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To investigate the effect of nanofertilizers functionalized with two organic compounds in phosphorusreleasing and its influence on the growth parameters of bean plant, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design in 3 replicationsat the Agriculture Research Center of Hamadan in 2014. Fertilizer treatments including P0 (zeolite without functional group (control sample)), P1 (zeolite + AcAcEN ligand), P2 (zeolite + HED ligand) and P3 (triple super phosphate) and also twotypes of bean including the red beans (PhaseolusvulgarisL) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) were used. Results showed that in comparison with two other zeolite fertilizers,usingnanozeolite functionalized with HED ligandresulted in improving the quantitative and qualitativeparameters of bean. Compared with triple super phosphate, P2 fertilizer showed better results in the case of grain yield and plant phosphorus uptake and moreover, phosphorus leaching was lower in this fertilizer. The general results of this report is representative of the useful and effective role of nanozeolite functionalized with HED ligand in improving the growth parameters as well as qualitative and quantitative characteristics of bean plant.