zahra mohammadzadeh; Raouf Seyed sharif; Salim Farzaneh
Abstract
Objective: Studying the effects of Azospirillum and nanoparticles (silicon and zinc) on grain yield and some traits of Triticale under salinity stress was conducted as a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications at the research greenhouse of the University of Mohaghegh ...
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Objective: Studying the effects of Azospirillum and nanoparticles (silicon and zinc) on grain yield and some traits of Triticale under salinity stress was conducted as a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications at the research greenhouse of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2022.Methods: The experimental factors included salinity levels (no salinity as control, salinity of 60 and 120 mM by NaCl), application of Azospirillum (no inoculation as control and seed inoculation with Azospirillum), nanoparticles foliar application (foliar application with water as control, foliar spraying 0.8 g.L-1 nano zinc oxide, 50 mg.L-1 nano silicon, combined foliar application of nano zinc oxide as 0.4 g.L-1 and nano silicon as 25 g.L-1).Results: The application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles in 120mM salinity increased proline content (37.46 percent), hydrogen peroxide (41.66 percent), malondialdehyde (37.57 percent) and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes (53.86 and 47 percent, respectively) compared with non-saline conditions and lack of Azospirillum and nanoparticles application. Application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles increased the content of soluble sugar (18.68 percent) and catalase enzyme activity (28 percent) as compared with treatments that did not receive Azospirillum application and foliar spraying. Not applying Azospirillum and nanoparticles under 120 mM salinity increased dry matter remobilization from aerial organs (54.25 percent) and the contribution of dry matter remobilization from aerial organs (126.14 percent) compared with the application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles under non-saline conditions.Conclusion: It seems that applying Azospirillum and nanoparticle foliar application can increase grain yield of triticale under salinity stress due to improved biochemical traits.
Roya Mousavi; Vida Chalavi; Kamran Ghasemi; Mehdi Hadadinejad
Abstract
Objective: Considering the abundant use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and their detriments to the environment, it is necessary to consider alternatives to prevent possible damage.Methods: A completely randomized factorial experiment with four replications was conducted in the Nur country to ...
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Objective: Considering the abundant use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and their detriments to the environment, it is necessary to consider alternatives to prevent possible damage.Methods: A completely randomized factorial experiment with four replications was conducted in the Nur country to investigate the imapct of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of Blackberry. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% by volume) and the second factor consisted of inoculation and lack of inoculation with nitroxin (Ni).Results: The results demonstrated that the highest fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield were observed at 20% vermicompost. Maximum fruit length (1.62 cm) was obtained with 10% vermicompost and nitroxin inoculation. In analyzing the biochemical traits, the highest soluble solids and taste index were observed in the 10% vermicompost treatment. The largest amount of anthocyanin was obtained in the 20 and 30% vermicompost treatments at 551 and 563 (mg/L fruit juice), respectively. The application of nitroxin along with 30% vermicompost yielded the highest amount of vitamin C among all treatments.Conclusion: The application of vermicompost at 20 to 30% levels had the best impact on the quantitative and qualitative traits of Blackberry, and in cases where high amounts of vermicompost exerted a negative effect on some traits, nitroxin was able to reduce this effect and enhance certain traits. In this assay, the application of vermicompost at 20-30% along with nitroxin demonstrated the best impacts on blackberry traits.
Hakimeh Oloumi; Ali Zamani; Hosein Mozaffari; Soudabeh Nourzad
Abstract
Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of melatonin treatment on the tolerance of basil plants to the excess of copper and zinc mineral elements.Methods: The effect of melatonin treatment (at two levels of 0 and 100 micromolar) on the tolerance of basil plants ...
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Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of melatonin treatment on the tolerance of basil plants to the excess of copper and zinc mineral elements.Methods: The effect of melatonin treatment (at two levels of 0 and 100 micromolar) on the tolerance of basil plants to the excess of mineral elements copper (50 and 150 μM) and zinc (50 and 100 μM) as factorial layout based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications and at 2017 in greenhouse conditions at Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman Done.Results: The triple effect of melatonin and zinc and copper and the double effect of melatonin and zinc on the relative water content of leaves, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, soluble and reduced sugar, anthocyanin and flavonoid were significant at 1% probability level. Membrane stability indices and relative water content of leaves were improved by applying melatonin in the basil plant separately and together with copper and zinc metals. The amount of reducing sugars, chlorophyll, and carotenoids decreased under the influence of zinc and copper toxicity.Conclusion: melatonin by improving physiological characteristics, especially membrane stability, as well as flavonoid compounds, anthocyanin, and glutathione; It led to the reduction of the negative effects caused by excessive amounts of copper and zinc, especially at a concentration of 50 micromolar of these two metals on growth parameters.
Amin Arjmand; Mohsen Ebrahimi; MohammadReza Bihamta; Narges Moradi
Abstract
Objective: Marshmallow (Althaea spp.) is a plant belonging to the Malvaceae family and is native to Asia, South Africa, and America. It is found in Iranian natural pastures throughout the country. The purpose of this research is to identify the best ecotypes of Golkhtami in terms of phytochemical traits ...
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Objective: Marshmallow (Althaea spp.) is a plant belonging to the Malvaceae family and is native to Asia, South Africa, and America. It is found in Iranian natural pastures throughout the country. The purpose of this research is to identify the best ecotypes of Golkhtami in terms of phytochemical traits studied in this experiment and to introduce the best ecotypes for further research and to be used as crossbreeding parents in crossbreeding projects.
Methods: In this study which was investigated in nine ecotypes and three different species, phytochemical traits including total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity, and cholinesterase inhibitory activity were evaluated in different ecotypes of marshmallow.
Results: The results showed that the Kermanshah ecotype of Althaea officinalis had the highest amount of flavonoids (18.47 mg of quercetin per gram of extract) and cholinesterase inhibitory activity (28.37 mg/ml based on IC50), while the Bushehr ecotype of A. ficifolia had the highest amount of anthocyanins (6.45 mg) and the Yazd ecotype of A. officinalis had the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity (84.25 mg/ml based on IC50). Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed a positive and significant correlation between the investigated traits. In orthogonal comparisons, the Kermanshah, Mazandaran, and Isfahan ecotypes of A. officinalis had the highest levels of flavonoids and cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Cluster analysis by the WARD method showed that the ecotypes related to one species were placed in one group.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the studied species and ecotypes have high diversity, which can be useful for improvement and selection of phytochemical traits in marshmallow. The investigated ecotypes can be used as the base population and initial parents of the cross in further experiments.
Elaheh Hosseini Sanavi; Bahram Abedy; Tahereh Parvaneh
Abstract
Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit with their results showing different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars ...
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Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit with their results showing different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars "Golden Delicious" and "Red Delicious", an experiment was carried out in factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in orchard of Mashhad Agricultural Research Center in 2021. Fruit quantitative and qualitative characteristics, including weight, volume, density, length, diameter, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, phenol content, antioxidant properties and anthocyanin have been measured. The highest amount of total phenol (652.9 μg.g-1FW) and anthocyanin (35.9 mg.g-1FW) has been measured in "Red delicious" on M9 rootstock. The results of this study show that "Red delicious" has had the highest amount of diameter (78/64 mm) and weight (166/9 g). The highest amount of fruit firmness has been observed in M9 rootstock (5/64 kgcm-3). In general, the results of this study indicate a different effect of rootstock and cultivar interaction on the studied characteristics. Depending on the purpose of gardener, different grafting compounds can be recommended "Red delicious" on M9 and MM106 rootstock with highest amount of total phenol and anthocyanin is suggested as a valuable grafting compounds in terms of health benefits under Mashhad Climatic Conditions.
masoud fattahi; Abdorahman Mohammadkhani; Behroz Shiran; Bahram Baninasab; Rodabe Ravash
Abstract
The present experiment has compared the resistance of different mycorrhizal pistachio rootstocks to salinity and drought stress in a completely randomized design with three replications. It has used Funneliformis mosseae and four pistachio species, Badami-e Riz Zarand, Qazvini, Sarakhs, and UCB1. In ...
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The present experiment has compared the resistance of different mycorrhizal pistachio rootstocks to salinity and drought stress in a completely randomized design with three replications. It has used Funneliformis mosseae and four pistachio species, Badami-e Riz Zarand, Qazvini, Sarakhs, and UCB1. In addition, the experiment of water stress in 4 levels (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% FC), and experiment of salinity stress in 4 levels (0.91, 7.57, 16.12, and 24.63 dSm-1), have been applied for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, different characteristics such as total biomass, leaf area, tissue moisture percentage, and electrolyte leakage have been measured. Also, during the experiment, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanin pigments have been surveyed and analyzed. The results indicate that mycorrhizal symbiosis has improved total biomass and leaf moisture content under both drought and salinity stress conditions, wherein tissue moisture content and total leaf chlorophyll content have decreased and anthocyanin content and electrolyte leakage increased. As for the lowest leaf, stem and root moisture content have been observed at the highest drought and salinity levels with UCB1 having the highest biomass and moisture under salinity stress and the highest leaf and stem moisture content and lowest electrolyte leakage are observed in Sarakhs rootstock under drought stress. It seems UCB1 and Sarakhs symbiotic with mycorrhiza can be useful for salinity and drought stress, respectively.
Tahereh Parvaneh; Bahram Abedi; Gholam Hossein Davarynejad; Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam
Abstract
In order to study the role of fruit tree rootstocks on nutrient content in leaves of two Iranian red flesh apple genotypes and to determine the correlation of nutrients with different secondary metabolites, this study was conducted in Research Garden of Horticultural Sciences of Ferdowsi University of ...
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In order to study the role of fruit tree rootstocks on nutrient content in leaves of two Iranian red flesh apple genotypes and to determine the correlation of nutrients with different secondary metabolites, this study was conducted in Research Garden of Horticultural Sciences of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2017-2019. The rootstocks that used were two dwarfing rootstocks, M9 and B9 and one red flesh apple colony rootstock of Bekran which were tested in a factorial randomized complete block design. The results of this study showed that the rootstock had a significant effect on nitrogen and phosphorus content in leaf samples of two red flesh apple genotypes and Red delicious cultivar, also, rootstock, scion and their interaction had a significant effect on potassium, iron, calcium and zinc content of leaf samples. The effect of B9 on the amount of all elements of scion leaves was negative and the effect of M9 was positive in all cases. The results showed that PAL enzyme activity was positively correlated with nitrogen, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc. Anthocyanin synthesis was also positively correlated with nitrogen content (0.47). The results showed that the amount of potassium, calcium and iron were highly correlated with UFGT activity. Total flavonoid content was also significantly correlated with calcium and zinc (-0.64 and -0.45, respectively) that these effects could be due to the participation of some of these nutrients as cofactors in enzyme activity and or precursors of phenolic compounds and secondary metabolites.
Bijan Mehregan; Sadegh Mousavi Fard; Abdolhossein Rezaei Nezhad
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on alleviation of the drought-reverse effects in two Althernanthera genotypes “Entire leaf” and “Undulated leaf”. Pot experiment, consists of equal parts of soil, sand and manure, was carried out as factorial based ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on alleviation of the drought-reverse effects in two Althernanthera genotypes “Entire leaf” and “Undulated leaf”. Pot experiment, consists of equal parts of soil, sand and manure, was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with six replications. After plants establishment, 0, 1 and 2 mM of silicon were weekly sprayed on plants grown under drought stress conditions (90% field capacity (FC), 75 and 55 percent FC). Si treatment started one week before the beginning of drought stress. Samples were taken after 12 weeks of treatment. The analysis of variation showed that increasing drought stress significantly affected all morphological (plant height, stem diameter and root length), physiological (fresh and dry weight of stem and root, relative water content, electrolyte leakage) and biochemical (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline and anthocyanin) characteristics. Whereas, silicon application (especially with 2 mM concentration) alleviated the stress effects and improved growth parameters. Electrolyte leakage as an indicator of cell membrane integrity was decreased by application of silicon. Results of this study showed that different varieties have the variable resistance to stress. In this study, “Undulated leaf” genotype was more resistant compared to “Entire leaf”. So, it can be cultivated in gardens in areas where the water scarcity is prevalent.
Ensieh Ghorbani; Davood Bakhshi; Esmaiel Fallahi; Babak Rabiei
Abstract
In this study, calcium chloride (CaCl2) and two organic calcium compounds namely Calcicat and Folical were applied at four different spray programs including All-, Early-, Mid- and Late-season spray at the Abhar region in Zanjan were compared in 2012. Some qualitative characteristics of ‘Fuji’ ...
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In this study, calcium chloride (CaCl2) and two organic calcium compounds namely Calcicat and Folical were applied at four different spray programs including All-, Early-, Mid- and Late-season spray at the Abhar region in Zanjan were compared in 2012. Some qualitative characteristics of ‘Fuji’ apple fruit such as peel color and anthocyanin, internal ethylene concentration, total phenolic content and percentage of internal browning incidence were studied at harvest and during storage. The color indices namely L*، C*and h °were influenced by the calcium solution spray. Folical increased the L* index compared to control. Fruits which received calcium solutions had higher h° index and lower C* index than control. The anthocyanin content of fruit peel was influenced only by spray timing, at harvest. Late season spray resulted in less anthocyanin accumulation compared to other programs. Total phenolic content of the peel and pulp was affected by calcium compounds and spray programs in differently ways. There was not a clear trend in phenolic compounds change during storage; meanwhile, total phenolics decreased in the fruits peel and pulp. Calcium application decreased internal ethylene concentration. All calcium treatments significantly decreased the internal browning; however, it was not observed insprayed fruits by early season Folical and midseason Calcicat.
Kerametollah Saeidi; Fatemeh Sefidkon; Alireza Babaei
Abstract
In this investigation some chemical and morphological properties of dog rose fruit in 10 regions of north Iran were measured. Results showed significant difference between traits in studied regions. Beta-carotene ranged between 0.05 – 0.323 (mg/g FW). Total soluble carbohydrate varied from 5.9 ...
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In this investigation some chemical and morphological properties of dog rose fruit in 10 regions of north Iran were measured. Results showed significant difference between traits in studied regions. Beta-carotene ranged between 0.05 – 0.323 (mg/g FW). Total soluble carbohydrate varied from 5.9 – 23.3%. The highest content of total anthocyanin 23.7 and the lowest was 7.71(mg/L cyanidin-3-glucoside). The highest and lowest amount of TSS in regions under study was 15.72 and 34.9%, respectively. GGE biplot method used for studying effect of different regions on chemical and morphological properties. IR56 accession had highest amount of beta-carotene according to the polygon. The highest content of and total anthocyanin obtained from IR51. Pearson’s coefficients showed that fruit weight had significantly correlation with fruit flesh. Fruit length had significantly correlation with fruit width. Also Total soluble carbohydrate correlation with total anthocyanin and TSS was significant. Obtained results from this study could be used in the future breeding program of dog rose.