saeedeh kermani poorbaghaei; Majid Pouryousef; ali reza yousefi; masoud rafie
Abstract
In order to evaluate the biochemical properties of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ using some anti-perspirants in rainfed conditions in the crop year 2018, an experiment has been conducted in Karaj and Khorramabad regions. The experiment is based on a randomized complete ...
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In order to evaluate the biochemical properties of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ using some anti-perspirants in rainfed conditions in the crop year 2018, an experiment has been conducted in Karaj and Khorramabad regions. The experiment is based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement, consisted of three replications. The first factor involves four different ecotypes of dragon’s head (Kurdistan, Takab, Nazarkahrizi, and Kalibar) and the second factor includes three anti-transpirant compounds (kaolin with a concentration of 5%, chitosan with a concentration of 1%, and Ista with a concentration of 2%) as well as no anti-transpirant (control). The results show that using anti-transpirants has increased the amount of the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Ista anti-transpirant has had a greater effect on enzyme activity than kaolin and chitosan. The highest amount of peroxidase and catalase (0.51-0.39 unit mg/protein) are obtained from the ecotypes of Kurdistan treated with Ista and Karaj cultivation, respectively. In addition, the highest grain yield and biomass yield are obtained from treatment with chitosan, which has increased by 4% to 20%, compared to the control, respectively. Based on the results, using anti-transpirants in dryland cultivation conditions improves most of the studied yield traits and biochemical traits compared to the control.
Mojtaba Kaboodkhani; Hadi salek mearaji; Keyvan aghaei; Afshin Tavakoli
Abstract
Quinoa is one of the salinity tolerant plants, capable of playing an important role in providing human food in the future. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted as random complete block ...
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Quinoa is one of the salinity tolerant plants, capable of playing an important role in providing human food in the future. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted as random complete block design with three replications in 2020 year under greenhouse conditions. Experimental treatments include three quinoa cultivars (Titicaca, Q26, and Giza1) and three salinity levels (0, 15, and30 dS/m). Salinity stress reduced traits such as photosynthetic pigments, relative leaf water content, and grain yield. The chlorophyll a and b content in control conditions, compared to the salinity level of 30 dS/m, have decreased by 46% and 77%, respectively, with the yield dropping by 35.6%, but the decrease in relative water content has been 12.6%. Electrolyte leakage, proline and malondialdehyde content, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity have increased under salinity stress condition. The Q26 cultivar has had the highest content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, relative water content, soluble proteins, proline, and catalase activity, compared to the others. Titicaca cultivar has had lower malon-dialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage than Q26 and Giza1 cultivars, which indicates the least damage to cell membranes, being superior to the other two cultivars. Giza1 cultivar also has had higher chlorophyll b and carotenoids content than the other two cultivars. Q26 and Giza1 cultivars are probably the most resistant and sensitive cultivars to salinity stress, respectively.
Mehrdad Rasouli; Alireza Noroozisharaf
Abstract
The use of compounds that can improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stress, including salinity, is important. To evaluate the adjustment of salinity stress using humic acid (HA), a factorial layout is conducted based on a complete randomized design with three replications on the Hypericum ...
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The use of compounds that can improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stress, including salinity, is important. To evaluate the adjustment of salinity stress using humic acid (HA), a factorial layout is conducted based on a complete randomized design with three replications on the Hypericum perforatum L. as an Iranian medicinal plant are collected from Hamadan province in the tissue culture laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University during 2019. Experimental treatments include NaCl as salinity at three levels (such as 0, 50, and 100 mmol.L-1) and HA at four levels (control, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L-1). Results indicate that the plants treated with 50 mg.L-1 HA without salinity have had the highest germination percentage (98.65), germination rate (38.94) and root length (34.21 mm). The highest plant height, fresh and dry weight of both shoots and roots and total chlorophyll are obtained under control conditions and HA with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1. On the contrary, the highest amount of phenol in the treatment is 50 mmol.L-1 salinity and HA with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1. In the treatment of 100 mmol.L-1 salinity and HA with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1, the highest amount of total antioxidants (99.77 mg/g FW) and total flavonoids (2.39 mg/Qe g FW) and the lowest amount of hydrogen peroxide (9.12 µg/g FW) are obtained. Results show that the mitigating effect, especially the application of HA of 50 mg.L-1 levels, can affect the physiological processes and morphological traits of the Hypericum perforatum L. under salinity stress.
Maryam Falahatkar Gangi; Weria Weisany; Marjan Diyanat
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2020. Its factors include irrigation at three levels (optimal irrigation at field capacity, moderate stress, and severe stress), application of mycorrhizal fungus at four levels (mosseae, Simiglomus hoi, Rhizophagus irregularis, and no inoculation (control)) and chickpea cultivar at two levels (ILC-482 and Pirooz). Results show that irrigation level has had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. Thus, by decreasing the amount of available plant water, both dry weight and chlorophyll content drops. Catalase activity increases under severe stress, compared to moderate stress and lack of drought stress up to 37% and 71.9% in Pirooz cultivar and up to 69.4% and 82.6% in ILC-482 cultivar, respectively. In case of the latter, the highest peroxidase activity is observed in severe stress conditions, which almost doubled compared to non-stress treatment. The activity of peroxidase enzyme is affected by the use of mycorrhizal fungi so that plants inoculated with G. mosseae has had the highest and non-inoculation with mycorrhiza the lowest peroxidase activity. In severe stress, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde has been obtained using G. mosseae. Inoculation of chickpeas with mycorrhizal fungi can be considered as a way to improve growth in non-stress conditions and increase tolerance to drought stress conditions.
mrs Somayeh Mirzaei; Seyed Ataollah Siadat; Babak pakdaman sardrod,; Mohammad Moradi Telavat
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Piriformospora indica and different levels of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) irrigation cut-off stress, an experiment has been conducted in the water year 2016. It has employed a split ...
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In order to investigate the effect of Piriformospora indica and different levels of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) irrigation cut-off stress, an experiment has been conducted in the water year 2016. It has employed a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Dehloran Agricultural Research Center. The treatments are consisted of four levels of salicylic acid (0, 150, 300, and 600 μm) as foliar application and a mycorrhiza fungus agent at two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation and irrigation cut-off stress at three levels (irrigation at 90%, 50%, and 30% filed capacity). The results of this study show that with increasing irrigation cut-off stress up to 30% filed capacity plant height, total weight of shoot, number of leaves, colonization percentage, and the enzymes Catalase and Peroxidase have decreased. Inoculation and treatment with salicylic acid up to a concentration of 300 μM could significantly reduce the destructive effects of irrigation cut-off stress on these traits. However, increasing the concentration of salicylic acid to the level of 600 μM intensifies the effects of irrigation cut-off stress, preventing the positive effects of the fungus.
Kambiz Kharazmi; Reza Amirnia; Jalal Jalilian; Mehdi Tajbaksh
Abstract
Due to the high requirement of alfalfa to water, research on the role of organic-biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers in adjustment of low irrigation stress is important, thus, this experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural ...
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Due to the high requirement of alfalfa to water, research on the role of organic-biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers in adjustment of low irrigation stress is important, thus, this experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research of Khoy in two years (2015-2016). Experimental treatments included irrigation {irrigation at field capacity (control), irrigation at 80% and 60% field capacity} and various fertilizer resources at six level {Mycorrhiza, Nitroxin, Vermicompost, Chicken manure, NPK chemical fertilizer and treatment without fertilizer consumption (control)}. The results of combined analysis showed that irrigation treatment had a significant effect on forage yield, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, proline, carotenoids, soluble carbohydrates and peroxidase enzyme activity. Regarding the importance of forage production in alfalfa, the results showed that the plant treated with mycorrhiza biofertilizer under full irrigation condition had the similar forage yield as the application of chemical fertilizer, but in both low irrigation conditions, mycorrhiza increase the forage yield by 10.18% in comparison to chemical fertilizer application. Other fertilizer treatments showed different trends in irrigation levels in terms of effect on forage yield, so that under irrigation at 60% field capacity, vermicompost, chicken manure, chemical and control treatments were in a same statistical group. Therefore, considering the disadvantages of using chemical fertilizers, mycorrhiza which has ecological and environmental benefits, can be used in alfalfa cultivation.
Hossein Rabbi Angorani; Jaber Panahandeh; Sahebali Boland nazar; Jalal Saba; fariborz Zare Nahandi
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important consequences of drought stress. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound which serves as a growth regulator in the induction of resistance to drought. In order to investigate the role of salicylic acid on some anti-oxidant enzymes and some biochemical attributes ...
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Oxidative stress is one of the most important consequences of drought stress. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound which serves as a growth regulator in the induction of resistance to drought. In order to investigate the role of salicylic acid on some anti-oxidant enzymes and some biochemical attributes of medicinal pumpkin under drought stress, an experiment was designed 2014 in Zanjan University’s Research Farm, Iran. The study was arranged as factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications including drought stress at four level; control, mild stress, moderate stress, and severe stress have been arranged in four levels including (100, 85, 70 and 55% FC). Salicylic acid treatments included salicylic acid were applied as foliar application spray in four levels: 0 mg/l (solution spray with distilled water), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/l. Measured traits included peroxidase, catalase, Beta-sitosterol and oil yield proline, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (membrane peroxidation index) content. The results showed that increasing drought stress levels reduced the oil yield, but in contrast, increasing the Beta-sitosterol, membrane peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase, while application of salicylic acid at 0.5 and 1 mg/l decreased oxidative stress, membrane peroxidation and Electrolyte leakage through increasing the anti-oxidant enzymes activities such as catalase and peroxidase and proline which led to a balanced rise in oil yield and Beta-sitosterol in mild and moderated stress. These results show an increase in plant resistance to drought as a result of salicylic acid application.
fatemeh hosseinpoor; vali rabiei; mohammadesmaeil amiri; ali soleimani
Abstract
By considering short shelf life time of nectarine fruit and the importance of postharvest physiology, In order to study the effect of nano-packaging with hot water treatment to maintain qualitative characterestics and increase the storage life of nectarines cv. ‘Sunglo‘ an experiment was ...
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By considering short shelf life time of nectarine fruit and the importance of postharvest physiology, In order to study the effect of nano-packaging with hot water treatment to maintain qualitative characterestics and increase the storage life of nectarines cv. ‘Sunglo‘ an experiment was carried out in 2014. The experiment was designed in a CRBD (completely randomized block design) based on factorial with three replications and fruits qualitative characterestics every 10 days, during 40 days storage with 0-1C0 temperature, 90-95 percent RH were measured. The results showed that nano-packaging caused to maintain the vitamin C, titratable acidity and total soluble solids, and also nano-packaging compared to conventional packaging on weight loss, color quality and increasing browning was not significant effect. The amount of pH was decreased during 30 days of storage, then was increased to 40 days. The peroxidase enzyme activity increased with time, but this process in nano-packaging less than control treatment. The flavor index and carotenoids increased with time, but this process was significant decrease in carotenoids during 40 days of storage. Decrease in fruit firmness over time within 30 days of treatment with nano-packaging is lower. The results showed that nano packaging can be a suitable method to increasing the shelf life and maintain quality of nectarine fruit cv. ‘Sunglo‘.
Mohammad Moradi Telavat; Zohreh Kazemi; Seyyed Ataollah Siadat
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to study the yield and physiological responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to boron application and high temperature stress due to late planting, in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan at 2013-2014. The experimental design was a split ...
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A field experiment was carried out to study the yield and physiological responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to boron application and high temperature stress due to late planting, in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan at 2013-2014. The experimental design was a split plots design in RCBD with four replications. Planting dates (18 November, 3 December, 17 December and 30 December) were placed in main plots and boron application treatments (control, 10 kg B.ha-1 incorporated with soil, boron spraying at 8 leaf stage and budding stages) were placed in sub plots. Planting date had significant effect on relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability, peroxidase enzyme activity, leaf area index (LAI), canopy’s temperature, grain yield and dry matter. In addition, boron application had significant effect on LAI, peroxidase enzyme activity and yield. Late planting caused to decrease the grain yield and dry matter related to increased canopy’s temperature at flowering stages. Delayed planting from 18 November to 30 December, result in decreased grain yield about 60.5 percent. Boron application incorporated with soil caused to increased grain yield about 23 percent in comparison to control. High temperature stress due to late planting caused to decreased RWC, cell membrane stability and LAI in flowering stage. Generally, highest grain yield (4579.7 kg.ha-1) was obtained from planting at 18 November and 10 kg boron.ha-1 incorporated with soil, and lowest grain yield was obtained from planting at 30 December and without boron application.
Azam Ranjbar; Nourollah Ahmadi
Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of 1-MCP and ethylene on extending the display quality and increasing vase life of cut carnation flowers in a completely randomized design with three replicationsat the laboratory of the postharvest physiology, Tarbiat Modares Universityin 2014. First, ...
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This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of 1-MCP and ethylene on extending the display quality and increasing vase life of cut carnation flowers in a completely randomized design with three replicationsat the laboratory of the postharvest physiology, Tarbiat Modares Universityin 2014. First, cut flowers were treated with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 µl l-1 of 1-MCP for 24 h and then exposed to 1 µl l-1 ethylene for 16 h. The results showed that 1-MCP had significant effect on the physiological and biochemical characteristics and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Maximum of vase life and the amount of chlorophyll and anthocyanin were revealed in samples treated with 1 µl l-1 1-MCP. Also, the highest peroxidase enzyme activity was observed in treatment of 1 µl l-1 1-MCP which had significant difference with other treatments. The highest and lowest catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were found in 1.5 µl l-1 1-MCP and control, respectively. In conclusion, 1-MCP treatment resulted in extending vase life and increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes in cut carnation cv. ‘Grand Slam’ by suppression of ethylene action.
Morteza Baziar; Ali Bandehagh; Davood Faraj Zadeh
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of P. fluorescens FY32 inoculation on the activities of some antioxidant enzymes and ion concentration of two canola cultivars (Sarigol and Hyola308) under salinity stress (150 and 300 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse condition (fall 2012, Dept. of Plant breeding ...
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This study was designed to investigate the effect of P. fluorescens FY32 inoculation on the activities of some antioxidant enzymes and ion concentration of two canola cultivars (Sarigol and Hyola308) under salinity stress (150 and 300 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse condition (fall 2012, Dept. of Plant breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz). The experimental design consisted of three factors replicated three times in a split-split plot design, with salinity as main factor. Data analysis showed that salt stress has significant effect on antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). Concentration of sodium and chloride ions increased with increasing salinity, but this increase was little in the case of inoculated plants. The decrease in potassium content was smaller in inoculated plants in comparison with control. Hyola308 had the lowest reduction in dry matter and was tolerant cultivar in this experiment. Thia cultivar as a tolerant cultivar had low level of antioxidant activities and accumulation of sodium and chloride ions and also showed high concentration of potassium.
mahdi mohammad zan=mani; vali rabiei; Mohammad Ali Nejatian; Mehdi Taheri
Abstract
Proline and glycine betaine are the most common compatible solutes that prevent plants from destructive effects of osmotic stresses by osmotic adjustment and protection of membranes, proteins and enzymes. It has been reported that exogenous application of these compounds, can increase plant resistance ...
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Proline and glycine betaine are the most common compatible solutes that prevent plants from destructive effects of osmotic stresses by osmotic adjustment and protection of membranes, proteins and enzymes. It has been reported that exogenous application of these compounds, can increase plant resistance to drought stress. Therefore a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was performed in four grapevine cultivars (‘Khushnav’, ‘Peykani’, ‘Perlette’, and ‘Flame Seedless’). Grapevines were irrigated by 70 percent of the vine water requirement, in drought stress treatment. Proline (10 mM) and glycine betaine (15 mM) were sprayed on grapevines at four growth stages (before flowering, flowering, sour cluster and veraison). Results showed that endogenous proline and amount of glycine betaine, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity in treated vines were significantly higher than the control, in both proline and glycine betaine treatments. Among of the treated vines, the most and the least amount of proline was measured in ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Peykani’, respectively. Other measured traits in cultivars did not show significant difference. According to the role of these enzymes in eliminating reactive oxygen spices (ROS) and also the role of proline and glycine betaine in antioxidants activating, using of these two osmolytes will be able to increase the vines tolerance to drought stress conditions.