Saeid Davazdahemami; Shekofe Enteshari; Marzyeh Allahdadi; shahram yasmani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline ...
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In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline water, namely 2.5 (control), 6, 9, and 18 dS.m-1. The determined traits include the yield, biochemical parameters, mineral contents, and seed essential oil content and quality. Results show that increasing salinity decreases biological yield and seed yield. Changes in essential oil components, caused by salinity, have been low, showing no specific trend. The major compound in the seed essential oil of C. capticum is thymol (56.1% to 61.2% of the essential oil). The highest concentration of total protein (root: 3.6 and shoot: 8.2 mg g-1 DW) is assigned to the control treatment, dropping significantly as salinity levels rise. Increasing salinity enhances the amount of proline and reducing sugars so that the highest amount of root proline, equal to 12 mg g-1 FW, and reducing sugars (root: 30.5 and shoot: 62 mg g-1 DW) comes from salinity of 18 dS.m-1. Increasing salinity levels raises the amount of phenolic compounds in the shoot, though this increase has not been considerable. The treatment of 18 dS.m-1 has had the lowest concentration of K+ (root: 5 and shoot: 22 mg g-1 DW) and the highest concentration of Na+ (root: 54 and shoot: 64 mg g-1 DW).It can be concluded that by increasing salinity levels, the amount of resistant osmolytes rises.
Mohamad Nikbakht,; Mahmood solouki; Mehdi Aran
Abstract
In order to study the effects of foliar application of nitrogen with nano-and urea chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bitter apple, an experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Institute, University ...
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In order to study the effects of foliar application of nitrogen with nano-and urea chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bitter apple, an experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Institute, University of Zabol during 2019.Theexperimental treatment includes foliar application of nano-N (1000 and 2000 mg/l), urea (1% and 2%), and control. Results show that foliar application of N has had a significant effect on yield and number of fruit per bush, and shoot length, whereas it has had no effect on fruit average weight, fruit length and diameter. The highest yield per bush belongs to nano-N at 2000 mg/l concentration (961.08g) and urea at 2% concentration (864.66g) and, the highest amount of fruit number per bush (12) is found in nano-N at 2000 mg/l concentration. The highest weight of 100 seeds and seed protein are obtained from the foliar application of nano-N at concentration of 2000 mg/l and urea at 2% concentration. Seed phenol content, seed soluble carbohydrates, and oil percentage have been reduced by applying nitrogen treatments to the control. Foliar application of N has increased leaf N concentration, while having no effect on the leaf concentrations of P, K, and Zn. Given that in most measured quantitative and qualitative traits, the application of nano-N fertilizer at 2000 mg/l concentration shows better results than other treatments, this treatment can be recommended to reduce economic and environmental costs.
Faezeh Heidari; Jalal Jalilian; esmaeil gholinezhad
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application different nano-fertilizers on modulating negativeeffectsof salt stress on quinoa, in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application different nano-fertilizers on modulating negativeeffectsof salt stress on quinoa, in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during 2018. The first factor was salinity of irrigation water using (Lake Urmia water at three levels: 0, 16 and 32 dS/m and the second factor was nano-fertilizers at five levels: calcium, silicon, zinc, potassium and control (no foliar application). The results showed that salinity stress caused negative effects on all traits affecting quinoa growth. The highest decrease in traits was observed in salinity stress of 32 dS/m. Salinity stress of 32 and 16 dS/m compared to control decreased plant height (20 and 17%), inflorescence number (48 and 36%), root volume (44 and 40%), main root length (41 and 23%), root dry weight (68 and 30%), relative leaf water content (26 and 13%), chlorophyll index (15 and 7%) and 1000-seed weight (31 and 23%), respectively; but increased ionic leakage by 14 and 6%, respectively. Foliar application with nano-fertilizer compared to control increased the yield, yield components and morphological traits. The highest seed yield was obtained under optimum conditions and severe salinity stress (32 dS/m) by foliar application with nano-fertilizer of zinc and silicon, respectively. Under severe salinity stress, foliar application with nano-fertilizer of silicon compared to non-foliar application increased the dry weight of inflorescences, total dry weight and seed yield by 35%, 16% and 43%, respectively, and moderated the effects of salinity stress. Foliar application with nano-fertilizer via enhancing chlorophyll index, relative leaf water content and improving root characteristics, led to increase yield and seed yield components of quinoa. Therefore, it seems that foliar application of nano-fertilizers is suitable to improve the yield of quinoa especially in salinity stress conditions.
Ali Asghar Fozouni; Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian
Abstract
In order to achieve optimum quantitative and qualitative yield of potato in each region, new cultivars need to be compared. As such, this study has been carried out to compare 13 new potato cultivars along with two cultivars of Agria and Banba with each other to identify suitable cultivars for leaf area ...
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In order to achieve optimum quantitative and qualitative yield of potato in each region, new cultivars need to be compared. As such, this study has been carried out to compare 13 new potato cultivars along with two cultivars of Agria and Banba with each other to identify suitable cultivars for leaf area index, agronomic, and qualitative traits under climatic conditions of Razan. The statistical design, used in the present study, has been complete randomized block with three replications. Results show that Manito cultivar has reached the maximum leaf area index later than other cultivars, having 12 tubers per plant, which is 112% and 83% superior to Banba and Agria, respectively. Also, Natascha cultivar with a leaf area index of 3.65 has been 57% and 19% leafier than Agria and Banba, respectively. Tuber weight in Ottawa (157.8 g per tuber) has been 70.5% and 20.4% greater than Agria and Banba, respectively. Manito cultivar yields 71399 kg/ha, which is 123% more than Agria and 70% than Banba. Protein percentage of tubers in this study do not differ among the potato cultivars, while the difference is significant among the potato cultivars in tuber starch percentage and the highest values belong to Manito (18.09%) and Ottawa and Concordia cultivars, in the second and place. Generally, Manitou, Caruso, and Faluca cultivars are recommended for planting in the Razan on the basis of traits of maximum leaf area index, number of tubers per plant, and tuber yield.
Yonus Mohammad Nezhad; Majid Basirat; Hossein HajiAbaee; Benjamin Torabi
Abstract
In the fields around Golestan dam, crop rotation is not performed, putting the soil fertility at risk. This experiment aims at evaluating the nutritional status of the region’s soils and determining the need for fertilizer with emphasis on macronutrients. The fertilizer requirement of these soils ...
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In the fields around Golestan dam, crop rotation is not performed, putting the soil fertility at risk. This experiment aims at evaluating the nutritional status of the region’s soils and determining the need for fertilizer with emphasis on macronutrients. The fertilizer requirement of these soils in 2017-2018 has been determined, using the QUEFTS model. At first, 30 fields in the Golestan dam region, irrigated by the dam itself, have been chosen. In each field, a small section has been selected as a non-fertilized one. All agronomic practices have been done in accordance with conventional farmers' method. From each field (fertilized and non-fertilized), five one-meter squared quadrats have been used to cut off the crop and the grain yield and non-grain yield, and measure its N, P, and K concentration. Results reveal that the mean value of N, P, and K uptake by shoots have been 54, 19.5, and 98 kg/ha, respectively, with the average grain yield being 4150 kg/ha in farmers' field. For 1000 kg of grain production per hectare, one requires 13, 4.5, and 22 kg of N, P, and K, respectively. Therefore, according to the proper validation results of the QUEFTS model, it is recommended to apply 325 kg/ha urea fertilizer, 195 kg/ha triple super phosphate fertilizer, and 60 kg/ha potassium sulfate fertilizer to produce about 5000 kg/ha wheat grain in this area.
Seyed Morteza Zahedi; Rahmatollah Gholami; Mahdieh Karimi; Hojattollah gholami
Abstract
Sunburn is one of the important factors, limiting pomegranate production, especially in regions with hot summers. Since exogenous application of kaolin can increase tolerance to some environmental stresses by improving metabolic pathways and increasing net photosynthesis, this paper studies the effect ...
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Sunburn is one of the important factors, limiting pomegranate production, especially in regions with hot summers. Since exogenous application of kaolin can increase tolerance to some environmental stresses by improving metabolic pathways and increasing net photosynthesis, this paper studies the effect of kaolin spraying on some pomological and biochemical characteristics of commercial pomegranate cultivars in Rijab region (Kermanshah province). Accordingly, it carries out a factorial experiment, based on a RCBD, which is consisted of three concentrations of kaolin (i.e., 0 (distilled water), 3%, and 6%) as well as two pomegranate cultivars (Malas Torsh & Yosef-Khani) with three replications. Results show that in both cultivars, kaolin treatment at 6% concentration improves fruit weight, the length and width of aril and fruit, aril weight, and the yield. In addition, fruits of both pomegranate trees with kaolin treatment at both concentrations, especially at 6% concentration, show increased soluble solids, fruit juice, and total phenol content. Despite the different morphological and biochemical reactions in the two cultivars, one of the cultivars could be used in accordance to different purposes and conditions. In addition, a high concentration of kaolin reduces sunburn and cracking of pomegranate fruits in both cultivars, increasing yield per hectare. This treatment can serve as a suitable method to reduce physiological disorders in pomegranate growing areas such as Rijab region.
Hassan Nouriyani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on some grain storage compounds and quantitative and qualitative yield of three sunflower cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Dezful region during ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on some grain storage compounds and quantitative and qualitative yield of three sunflower cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Dezful region during 2017-2018. In this research, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 N) were considered as the main factor and three sunflower cultivars (Ghasem, Record and Progress) as a sub factor. The results showed that increasing nitrogen consumption reduced the percentage of oil, percentage of stearic acid and linoleic acid percentage but, protein percentage, oleic acid and palmitic acid percentage increased significantly. There were significant differences between different cultivars in grain yield and oil content where Qasem cultivar had the highest grain yield (3920 kg ha-1) and oil (1860 kg ha-1) with the consumption of 180 kg ha-1 N. Also, the results indicated that the highest correlation of grain yield with the studied traits belonged to oil yield (r=0.97**) followed by protein content (r=0.85**) and the lowest to linoleic acid (r=-0.58*). In general, it can be stated that more nitrogen consumption has been effective in increasing the quality and quantity of sunflower and Qasim cultivar had a higher ability to absorb nitrogen in order to increase yield per unit area.
Kamal Sadat Asilan
Abstract
A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research fields of Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University, during 2017-2018 growing season. Treatments consisted of three different levels of salinity stress (control), salinity of 5 and ...
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A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research fields of Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University, during 2017-2018 growing season. Treatments consisted of three different levels of salinity stress (control), salinity of 5 and 10 dS.m-1) and two levels of calcium silicate (control and foliar application of 8 kg.ha-1) which salinity stress was applied from the beginning of flowering and the calcium silicate was applied at flowering time, and dry weight of the plant, grain yield, yield components, harvest index, oil yield, oil percentage and greenness were evaluated. Foliar application of calcium silicate had positive effects on the all of the traits in both Zarfam and Sarigol cultivars and it increased yield in rapeseed. On the other hand, it was observed that Sarigol had a higher amount in number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 1000 grain weight, harvest index, oil percentage, oil yield and greenness index than the Zarfam. Zarfam had the maximum plant dry weight. In addition, it was observed that salinity stress at 5 and 10 dS.m-1 had negative effects on all studied traits in present study. In general, salinity stress reduced the yield and yield components of rapeseed and the use of calcium silicate reduced the negative effects of salinity stress in both Zarfam and Sarigol cultivars and Sarigol cultivar had more resistance than Zarfam cultivar to salt stress and it used more effectively from calcium silicate.
Sakineh Abdi
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangement on fenugreek and savory yield and essential oil. An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications. Treatments included different row intercropping systems; 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+3, 3+1 ...
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To investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangement on fenugreek and savory yield and essential oil. An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications. Treatments included different row intercropping systems; 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+3, 3+1 (savory+fenugreek) and sole cropping fenugreek and savory. Results revealed that fenugreek yield in sole cropping is significantly higher than that of intercropping system. The highest percentage of fenugreek grain protein, savory dry weight, savory essential oil percentage and essential oil yield was obtained in 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek. The highest fenugreek essential oil yield was achieved in sole cropping and 1 row savory+3 row fenugreek. Among the used intercropping treatments, the highest intercropping advantage (IA) (1.29) was obtained in 1 row savory+3 row fenugreek. The maximum land equivalent ratio (LER) values (1.94) was obtained in 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek, indicating yield improvement in intercropping systems by 94 percent as compared with sole cropping. According to the yield and agronomic and economic benefits, it seems that 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek is suitable for increasing the income of farmers and land use efficiency.
Zeinab Rafie-rad; Ahmad Golchin; Yahya Tajvar; Javad Fatahi-moghadam
Abstract
Considering the limited water resources in Iran, utilization of modern methods of water conservation and preservation, such as the application of superabsorbent polymers in the soil, is one of the confront approaches of water deficit. For this purpose, in order to investigate the effect of superabsorbent ...
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Considering the limited water resources in Iran, utilization of modern methods of water conservation and preservation, such as the application of superabsorbent polymers in the soil, is one of the confront approaches of water deficit. For this purpose, in order to investigate the effect of superabsorbent on vegetative and reproductive growth of Page Mandarin in drought stress condition, a factorial experiment bases on the completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2016 at the Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center of Ramsar. Factors were consisted of three levels of water stress (100, 75 and 50% of field capacity) and superabsorbent (0, 0.25 and 0.5% wt). The results showed that by increasing of water stress, amounts of electrolyte leakage, proline, fruit cracking and titratable acidity were increased. As well as 50% of field capacity level, 0.5% superabsorbent application was caused significantly increase leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll content, leaf water potential 60%, 15%, 23% and 87.5% and decrease electrolyte leakage and total soluble solids 65% and 22% respectively, compared with condition of treatment without applying superabsorbent. So, it seems that superabsorbent can increase the plant tolerance in counteracting moisture stress by maintaining unusable water.
Abasalt Rostami Ajirloo; Ebrahim Amiri
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of potassium nano fertilizer on soybean growth under cutting irrigation condition, an experiment was carried out as split plots arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications in Moghan plain at 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The main ...
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In order to investigate the effect of potassium nano fertilizer on soybean growth under cutting irrigation condition, an experiment was carried out as split plots arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications in Moghan plain at 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The main factor included four levels of irrigation normal irrigation, cutting irrigation during vegetative phase, cutting irrigation during flowering phase and cutting irrigation during grain filling phase and a sub factor included three levels of potassium nano fertilizer five, 10 and 15 kg per hectare. The results showed that at all stages of irrigation, the use of potassium nano fertilizer reduced the effect of drought stress. So that the greatest seed yield and yield components under normal irrigation and off-irrigation conditions were obtained with use of 15 kg / ha of potassium nano fertilizer. Also, the highest plant height (66 cm), the distance between the first pod of ground (20 cm), number of leaves per plant (345) and the number of lateral branches (19.66) in normal irrigation treatment with consumption 15 kg of potassium nano fertilizer was obtained and the least of them was obtained in irrigation cut during vegetative phase with use of 5 kg/ha of potassium nano fertilizer. According to the results, it can be concluded that using 15 kg / ha of potassium nano fertilizer can reduce the effects of drought stress on yield, especially in seed filling stage in soybean plant, by 15%.
Nabi Khaliliaqdam; Rojan Hasani; Toraj Mir Mahmoudi
Abstract
Meta-analysis is compressive science and statistical analysis of a large content statistical results of different studies in order to the organization of findings. In this study, the effects of some agricultural operations were studied on grain yield, biological yield and harvest index of wheat. The ...
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Meta-analysis is compressive science and statistical analysis of a large content statistical results of different studies in order to the organization of findings. In this study, the effects of some agricultural operations were studied on grain yield, biological yield and harvest index of wheat. The treatments were included soil tillage, nitrogen fertilizer, salt stress, hydro-priming, osmopriming, hormopriming, and physical priming which tested using Hedges method. Therefore, the studies that have control treatment and other treatments, after the weighting of value of traits, effect size, and reaction relation and confidence range estimated. Meta-analysis results showed that nitrogen fertilizer in ranges of 50-250kg/ha caused increasing in grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The highest grain yield and biological yield achieved in 125-150 kg/ha and the most harvest index obtained in 230-250 kg/ha. Secondary, tillage in both of fields (irrigated and dry farming) decreased grain yield, biologic yield, and harvest index, so a reduction in dry farming was serious. The lowest (21.15%) and the highest (76.41%) of reduction in wheat production (grain yield) obtained in 4-6 and 12-16 ds/m.s, respectively. Outcomes also showed that hydro-priming, osmopriming, hormopriming have positive effects on grain yield, biologic yield, and harvest index, so that hydro priming increased biologic operation (23%), grain yield (16%) and harvest index (19%). Furthermore, osmopriming had 30% increasing effect in biologic yield and it was to 50% and 59% in biologic operation and seed operation while this effect has caused the small amount of 1% increase in harvest index. The influence of physical priming on characteristics was not significant and it just led to 3% increase grain yield. Overall, concludes emphasis on consuming 125-150kg/ha N, notice to results of replacing secondary tillage with current tillage in dry farming, advice to planting in soils and irrigation with salinity<4 µs/m.s, positive effects of hormo, hydro and osmopriming, as well as expressing of the goodness of meta-analysis method to detect and finalize the positive and negative effects of these different treatments on the production of wheat.
Sajad Sheikhpour; Alireza Sirousmehr; Barat Ali Fakheri
Abstract
In order to study the effects of nitrogen rates and nitroxin inoculation levels on quantitative traits of borage, a field experiment was conducted as split plots arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during growing season 2011-2012. Treatments consisted of four ...
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In order to study the effects of nitrogen rates and nitroxin inoculation levels on quantitative traits of borage, a field experiment was conducted as split plots arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during growing season 2011-2012. Treatments consisted of four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and three nitroxin amounts (0, 0.5 L/ha Seed inoculation and 0.5 L/ha as a foliar application) which were allocated to main plots and sub plots, respectively. Result indicated that the treatments had significant effects on plant height, stem height, number of leaves, number of flowers per plant, number of branches, the yield of inflorescence and total dry yield of borage. The highest plant was related 100 kg/ha nitrogen + seed inoculation and the lowest value was achieved control. There was a significant interaction between nitrogen and nitroxin due to most traits. The highest inflorescence yield (1168.11 kg/ha) and yield of the plant (9294.01 kg/ha) were achieved by using 100kg/ha nitrogen + seed inoculation, which was 50% higher than the control.
Mohammad Ghasem Jami; Amir Ghalavand; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavy
Abstract
To decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of sunflower, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2105. Three irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 80% of soil water at field capacity ...
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To decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of sunflower, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2105. Three irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 80% of soil water at field capacity (FC)), three soil fertility systems (100% farmyard manure (35% chicken manure + 65% sheep manure), 50% farmyard manure + 50% chemical fertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer (urea)) and three zeolite rates (0, 5 and 10 ton ha-1) were studied in a split factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, with irrigation regimes as the main plots, and factorial combination of the other two factors as the subplots. Over two experimental years, there were significant increases in grain yield and water use efficiency by applying either 100% farmyard manure (28.2 + 14.6 ton sheep + chicken manure ha-1, respectively) or integrated fertilizer (14.1 + 7.3 ton sheep + chicken manure ha-1, respectively plus 65 kg urea ha-1) with 5 or 10 ton zeolite ha-1 under all irrigation treatments. Based on the results, irrigation after depleting 40% of soil water at FC was revealed as a most performance of all treatment combinations. The highest oil and protein concentrations of grain were obtained with zeolite application under non-stress conditions. Chemical fertilizer application increased grain protein concentration, while organic manure increased grain oil concentration.
Elahe Moradi Marjaneh; Mohammad Galavi; Mahmood Ramroudi; Mahmood Solouki
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers at different cuts on some properties of the Rosemary, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Zabol University Research Farm. Three times cuttings ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers at different cuts on some properties of the Rosemary, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Zabol University Research Farm. Three times cuttings were Autumn’s first cut (late autumn), spring’s first cut (late spring) and autumn’s second cut (six months after autumn’s first cut) being considered as a major factor. The biological fertilizers included Aztobarvar, Phosphate Barvar-2, Petabarvar and chemical fertilizer NPK 20:20:20 and the control was considered as a subplot factor. The results showed that spring’s first cut had the greatest impact on essential oil content and phosphor. The autumn’s second cut had the greatest influence on the percentage of leaf relative water and the concentration of potassium and sodium. Amounts of protein, soluble carbohydrates, dry matter yield, essential oil content and essential yield, oil percentage and oil yield, leaf relative water, chlorophyll, carotenes and nitrogen increased as affected by fertilizers compared with control. The maximum amount of phosphor (7352 mg.kg-1) was obtained from application of Phosphate Barvar-2. Additionally, the maximum amount of potassium (5542 mg.kg-1) and the minimum of sodium (4760 mg.kg-1) was obtained from Petabarvar. Protein, dry matter yield and oil yield, oil percentage, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll significantly increased under the interactions of spring’s first cut and Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer by 28/36 mg.liter-1, (3294 and 53/90 kg.ha-1) 1/63, 6/66, 1/94 and 81/4 mg.gr-1, respectivly. The results also indicated that the interaction of spring’s first cut and Petabarvar biologic fertilizer had the highest essential oil yield (41.46 kg.ha-1) and interaction of autumn’s second cut and Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer produced the highest amount of nitrogen (12955 ppm) in shoot. The result showed that the application of Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer in spring’s first cut improved and enhanced the quantitative and physiological characteristics of Rosemary. This would probably have been due to facilitating nitrogen uptake and optimal environmental conditions for growth and development.
Omid Sadeghipour
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of methyl jasmonate on salinity tolerance of cowpea, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in the basis of completely randomized design with three replications in the Rey region in 2015. Treatments included three levels of seed soaking in methyl jasmonate solution ...
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In order to investigate the role of methyl jasmonate on salinity tolerance of cowpea, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in the basis of completely randomized design with three replications in the Rey region in 2015. Treatments included three levels of seed soaking in methyl jasmonate solution (0, 25 and 50 µM) for 20 hours and three levels of salinity (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). The results showed that by increasing salinity levels, lipids peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and Cl- concentration in the leaves increased, while the concentration of N, Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased as well as K+/Na+ ratio. These changes eventually led to decreasing seed yield. Seed treatment with methyl jasmonate had not significantly effect on any measured traits under normal conditions, however this treatment (especially 50 µM) under salinity stress conditions caused further activity of antioxidant enzymes, declining lipids peroxidation, reducing the concentration of Cl- in the leaves, increasing the concentration of N, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as well as K+/Na+ ratio, and finally improved seed yield. These findings suggest that methyl jasmonate plays a pivotal role in inducing salinity tolerance of cowpea plants via enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity and altering nutrients composition.
Abbas Alizade ahmad abadi1; sarah khorasaninejad; Khodayar Hemmati
Abstract
In order to study the effects of Humic acid levels and irrigation regimes on the some morphological and biochemical characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., a pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and four experimental units at research ...
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In order to study the effects of Humic acid levels and irrigation regimes on the some morphological and biochemical characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., a pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and four experimental units at research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, during growing season of 2014- 15. Treatments were four levels of irrigation regimes (40, 60, 80 and 100 percent field capacity) and humic acid including four levels: (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). The results showed that irrigation regimes had significant effect on all measured properties except root length. Humic acid increased all of the growth caractristics and morphological traits in 5% level statistically, while had significant effect on total flavonoid and increased it. Interaction effect of humic acid and irrigation regimes was significant for wet and dry weight of root and shoot, total phenol and flavonoid. Therfore, the limited irrigation had negative effect on growth and plants increased their phenol and antioxidant components to stress coping. Humic acid increased growth and yield in plants that were faced with stress.
Akbar Poorjafari; Abdol Ali Shojaian; Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh; Mahdi Ayyari Noushabadi
Abstract
The white button mushroom is the world’s most widely grown culture mushroom species that can utilize various kinds of agro industrial lingo-cellulosic waste as a substrate. Selection of compost components in each region is essential factor for production of mushrooms. The objective of this study ...
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The white button mushroom is the world’s most widely grown culture mushroom species that can utilize various kinds of agro industrial lingo-cellulosic waste as a substrate. Selection of compost components in each region is essential factor for production of mushrooms. The objective of this study was to evaluate application of pistachio waste by utilizing as a substrate component for button mushroomproduction and their effects on the quality and quantity of produced mashrooms in 2013, at Tarbiat Modarres University. In this study one control (without waste), pistachio hull and shells mixed (ratio 50:50) (PH+SH), pistachio shelling waste (PSW) and pistachio hulls (PH) were applied in three levels consisting of 25, 50 and %75 combined with substrate control in completely randomized design with four replications (40 experimental units). The results of experiments indicates that the highest yield and biological efficiency percentage was obtained from 25 and %50 of PH+SH and PSW, that the mushrooms production on this experimental substrates were more prolific than of the control substrate. In this experiment, it was found that production of substrate with the PH in compared to the control, is not suitable to yield and biological efficiency percentage.This study demonstrated that Agaricus bisporus may successfully produce from compost containing pistachio waste.
Elham Rastegari; Shahab Maddah Hosseini; Arman Azari
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation intervals on the vegetative growth and grain yield of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), a field split plot experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications in research farm ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation intervals on the vegetative growth and grain yield of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), a field split plot experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications in research farm of Vali–e–Asr University of Rafsanjan during April to July, 2013. Main plots were irrigation levels including 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm evaporation from evaporation pan class A and sub plots were crop species in two levels as grass pea and hairy vetch. Result showed that 66 days after sowing (two weeks before flowering), relative water content (RWC) of grass pea and hairy vetch leaves significantly reduced by increasing irrigation amount more than 40 mm, however there were no significant differences between 60, 80 and 100 mm. Also, plant leaf area and biomass of grass pea and vetch were reduced by increasing irrigation level (77 and 73 percent, respectively). Both crops had similar biomass (1.1 and 1.2 g. plant -1 for control and 0.5 and 0.6 for 100 mm irrigation treatments for grass pea and vetch, respectively), while the grass pea had higher leaf area than hairy vetch (4 to 9 folded). Finally, yield and yield components of both crops decreased by irrigation interval, although grass pea had always higher yield components, as grain yield, 1000 grains weight, seed number and pod number per plant at 100 mm irrigation treatment were 4.8, 2.4, 3.7 and 3.2 fold higher than vetch. Results suggest that both crops well tolerated increasing irrigation interval and they were suitable for forage production if harvested at the flowering stage. However, grass pea was better for grain production and had higher drought tolerance.
ali naderi arefi; ali ahmadi; Manijeh Sabokdast
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effects of drought stress on cotton leaf characteristics and its yield during 2014. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and field conditions at Garmsar agricultural research station. The experimental design was RCBD with 3 replications arranged in split ...
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This study was carried out to examine the effects of drought stress on cotton leaf characteristics and its yield during 2014. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and field conditions at Garmsar agricultural research station. The experimental design was RCBD with 3 replications arranged in split plots. Main plots and subplots designated to water stress levels and genotypes, respectively. In greenhouse, water stress decreased RWC and Excised Leaf Water Loss (ELWL). RWC of genotypes No.221, Aria, Narabri, and Sepid was higher than the others. ELWL of Aria, K8801 and K8802 was more than other genotypes whichalso their RWC was higher. ELWL of Varamin and Sahel cultivars were the lowest. At field conditions, the effects of 9, 12, 18, 24 and 30 day irrigation intervals after first flower stage, on yields of these cultivars were studied. Nine days intervals increased the yield of Varamin, Khordad and K8801 but their difference was not statistically significant. At fourth and fifth irrigation intervals,the yield of all genotypes decreased. 18 days intervals lead to yield loss too, but, because of insignificant decrease and for efficient use of water, it can be recommended that after normal irrigation from planting to first flower, to irrigate of cotton at 18 day intervals. Extension of K8801 can reduce water use and may help to permanent production.
Hamidreza Chaghazardi; Mohammad Reza Jahnsuz; Ali Ahmadi; Manouchehr Gorji
Abstract
In order to study of no-tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage systems on some soil physical properties, yield and some traits of wheat and chickpea, experiments were perfumed across two years in Sarpolezahab’s dryland region.Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that different ...
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In order to study of no-tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage systems on some soil physical properties, yield and some traits of wheat and chickpea, experiments were perfumed across two years in Sarpolezahab’s dryland region.Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that different tillage systems had significant effects (P≥0.01) on seed yield, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, organic carbon, economic value and morphologic traits of wheat and chickpea. In the first year, seed yield of wheat in reduced tillage treatment was 8 percent higher than no-tillage treatment and 10 percent higher than conventional tillage treatment while in the second year seed yield of wheat in reduced tillage treatment was 2 percent higher than no-tillage treatment and 14 higher than conventional tillage treatment. Also, seed yield of chickpea in reduced tillage treatment was 8 and 56 percent higher than no-tillage and conventional treatments, respectively and in the second year was 51 and 20 percent higher than no-tillage and conventional treatments, respectively. In general, the results showed that the reduced tillage system was favourable and using of this system in replacement of conventional system could be advised to the farmers of dryland areas of Sarpolezahab region in Kermanshah province.
Fereshteh Kamiab; Mohamad Abedini; Masoud Khezri
Abstract
Generally, fruit trees should produce sufficient yield annually through their economic life. Fruit trees usually produce flowers over their ability of productivity. If all of the flowers are converted to fruit, the tree will be weak and poor smaller fruit will be produced and it may cause alternate bearing. ...
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Generally, fruit trees should produce sufficient yield annually through their economic life. Fruit trees usually produce flowers over their ability of productivity. If all of the flowers are converted to fruit, the tree will be weak and poor smaller fruit will be produced and it may cause alternate bearing. Thus some flowers must be removed by hand, mechanically or chemically. In this study, the effects of hand thinning (10, 20 and 40 percent cluster elimination) and foliar treatment of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/l) and ethephon (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l) on fruit thinning rate and on some quantitative and qualitative characters of seedless barberry fruit were investigated as a completely randomized block design in research garden of Birjand University in 2014. The results indicated that Naphthalene acetic acid and Ethephon application caused effective fruit thinning. The highest rate of thinning was observed in Naphthalene acetic acid (10 mg/l) and ethephon (50 mg/l) treatments. These treatments also increased the yield rate in comparison to control. Hand thinning, Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Ethephon application increased the length, diameter and volume of fruit, fresh weight (100 berry), dry weight (100 berry), anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, total soluble solids to acid ratio. Thus both chemical treatments are suitable and ethephon (50 mg/l) is the best treatment.
Peyman Mohammadzadeh Toutounchi; Reza Amirinia
Abstract
In order to investigate effect of foliar application of some micronutrients on the yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of West Azarbaijan ...
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In order to investigate effect of foliar application of some micronutrients on the yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2012. Treatments were control, iron, zinc, manganese, iron + zinc, iron + manganese, zinc + manganese and iron + zinc + manganese. These elements were supplied from iron sulfate, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate and were sprayed 3 mg lit-1 concentration. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between spraying of micronutrients and control. Maximum plant height (40.68 cm), number of lateral branches (6.76), number of pod per plant (25.73), number of grain per pod (15.36), 1000-grain weight (14.99 gr) and grain yield (857.62 kg.ha-1) were related to spraying of iron + zinc + manganese. It is concluded that foliar application of iron + zinc + manganese improves growth and yield characteristics of fenugreek.
Hadi Lotfi; Taher Barzegar; Vali rabiei; Zahra Ghahramani; Jafar Nikbakht
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of water stress on fruit quality and quantity of some Iranian melons, the experiment was set out in a split plot design with three replicates in research filed of University of Zanjan in 2014. Treatments consisted arrangement of three Irrigation levels (starting irrigation ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of water stress on fruit quality and quantity of some Iranian melons, the experiment was set out in a split plot design with three replicates in research filed of University of Zanjan in 2014. Treatments consisted arrangement of three Irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 66 and 33 ETc) and 11 genotypes of Iranian melons (ʼKhatouniʻ, ʼKaliʻ, ʼOrshangʻ, ʼMouriʻ, ʼMoziʻ, ʼZarde-Paeizeʻ, ʼShiraziʻ, ʼShiardarʻ, ʼEzmirʻ, ʼEyvan-e-keyʻ and ʼSuski-e-Sabzʻ). Results showed that irrigation had a significant effect on flesh firmness, fruit length and width, thickness of skin, pH, total soluble solids (TSS) content, fruit weight and yield ratio. The water stress significantly increased TSS and reduced flesh firmness. The lowest values of yield (13761 kg/ha), fruit weight (1363.7 gr), fruit width (12.97 cm), and the highest skin thickness (4.63 mm) and pH (6.28) was obtained in the sever water stress (start point of 33 ETc). Melon accessions showed significant differences in studied traits. The highest values of fruit length (31.6 cm), flesh firmness (2.9 kg/cm-2), yield (49698 kg/ha) and fruit weight (3223 gr) was obtained under 100 ETc irrigation in ʼKhatouniʻ , ʼZard-e- Paeizehʻ and ʼEyvan-e-keyʻ, respectively. Also, the highest TSS was obtained in ʼShiraziʻ under 33 ETc irrigation. According to the results, ʼEyvan-e-keyʻ and ʼMoziʻ, respectively were sensitive and tolerance accession to the water stress with highest (72.27 Percent) and lowest (43.4 Percent) reduction of yield under 33 percent ETc irrigation compared normal irrigation.
Leila Tabrizi; Hosein Mohamadi; Reza Salehi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of planting density (50, 75 and 100 cm inter-row distance) and vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t.ha-1) on growth, qualitative and quantitative criteria of gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L., Solanaceae), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on complete randomized ...
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In order to investigate the effect of planting density (50, 75 and 100 cm inter-row distance) and vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t.ha-1) on growth, qualitative and quantitative criteria of gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L., Solanaceae), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on complete randomized block design with three replications in University of Tehran, in 2013. Criteria such as leaf area, collar diameter, number of lateral branches per plant, plant height, fruit number and weight per plant, weight and diameter per fruit, calyx weight, total fruit yield, fruit marketable percentage, total marketable yield, plant dry weight and quality criteria such as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, antioxidant activity and fruit color indices were evaluated. Results showed that treatments significantly affected most measured growth and yield criteria in which application of 15 t.ha-1 vermicompost increased them compared to control (non-vermicompost application) in which fruit weight per plant, total fruit yield and marketable percentage were increased 37.31, 37.82 and 11.52 percent, respectively. Also, inter-row distance of 100 cm performed better for plant growth and yield criteria. Interaction effect of 100 cm planting density and 15 t.ha-1 vermicompost caused the highest number of fruit per plant and marketable yield. The highest amount of TA and antioxidant activity obtained by application of 15 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost, respectively and vitamin C, TA and TSS were increased in planting distance of 50, 75 and 75 cm inter-row distance, respectively.