Mehdi Ghaffari
Abstract
To study the effect of row spacing and plant density on agronomic traits of dual purpose sunflower; cultivar Lakomka two years' study from 2014 was carried out as a factorial experiment based on RCB design with four replications in Khoy. The experimental treatments included row spacing at two levels ...
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To study the effect of row spacing and plant density on agronomic traits of dual purpose sunflower; cultivar Lakomka two years' study from 2014 was carried out as a factorial experiment based on RCB design with four replications in Khoy. The experimental treatments included row spacing at two levels (60 and 75 cm) and five plant densities (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 thousands P ha-1). According to the results there were no significant difference between 60 and 75 cm row spacing for any of the studied traits; however plant density had significant effect on all of the traits. Phenological stages accelerated and head diameter decreased but plant height and oil content increased as plant density increased. Seed weight decreased from115 g to 84 g while oil content increased from 36% to 39% as plant density increased from 30 to 90000 P.ha-1. The highest seed and oil yields (4132 and 1611 kg ha-1) were observed in plant density of 75000 P.ha-1. The regression analyses revealed that oil content, plant height and seed number, are the most effective traits for predictor of oil yield. The results of this study indicated that plant densities of 75 and 45000 P.ha-1 are optimum densities for production of cultivar Lakomka with higher oil yield and as confectionary use in Khoy, West Azarbaijan.
Naser Samsami; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Ali Rahemi Karizaki; Esmaeil Gholinezhad
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria on quality and quantity of soybean yield, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial in a RCBD with three replications at research farm of Agricultural Highschool of Urmia during ...
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In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria on quality and quantity of soybean yield, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial in a RCBD with three replications at research farm of Agricultural Highschool of Urmia during 2017 cropping season. Main plot was drought stress including optimum irrigation, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress and sub plots were mycorrhizal fungi in three levels (without mycorrhiza and inoculation with Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices) and Rhizobium japonicum in two levels (without inoculation and inoculation with R. japonicum). In response to moderate drought stress, protein percentage increased but increasing severity of drought stress reduced protein and oil percent. Irrigation along with inoculation with mycorhizal fungi specially G. mosseae enhanced number of seeds per plant, protein percentage and protein yield. Under three irrigation conditions, inoculation with bacteria compared to non-inoculation led to increase seed yield, oil yield and protein yield. Inoculation with bacteria and mycorhizal fungi increased seed yield and oil yield. Study of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield with 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per plant, oil and protein yield. According to the results of this research, using mycorrhiza G. mosseae and inoculation with R. japonicum can have a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of soybeans.
Raouf Seyed sharif; Reza Seyed Sharifi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of irrigation levels and application of methanol and nano iron oxide on yield and grain filling components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the ...
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In order to study the effect of irrigation levels and application of methanol and nano iron oxide on yield and grain filling components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch in 2017. The experimental factors were included: application of methanol (foliar application with water as control, 20 and 30 volume percent), nano iron oxide (foliar application with water as control, application of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g.L-1) and irrigation levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at flowering stage, irrigation withholding at grain filling period). The results showed that the highest grain yield (2952 kg/ha), number of filled grains per head (1121 grains per head), 1000-grain weight (50 g), rate and grain filling period, effective grain filling period (0.00239 g/day, 42 and 33 days respectively) and chlorophyll index (56) were obtained in full irrigation and high levels of methanol and nano iron oxide. Maximum of proline and soluble sugars content (11.1 µg/g FW and 72 mg/g FW) were obtained in irrigation withholding at flowering stage and application of high rates of methanol and nano iron oxide. The least of they were obtained in full irrigation and no application of methanol and nano iron oxide.
Salim Farzaneh; Mohammad Shamloeian; Raouf Seyed sharif; Sahram Kadihodad Kadihodad
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) seed coating with organic fertilizer of Teprosyn, Kadostim and Zagroot on the emergence and seedling growth characteristics as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture ...
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) seed coating with organic fertilizer of Teprosyn, Kadostim and Zagroot on the emergence and seedling growth characteristics as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardabili University under greenhouse conditions. The experiment factors included seed washing (washing without washing), hybrids (Shokoufa and pars) and different amounts of organic fertilizers of Teprosyn, Kadostim and Zagroot, with control and adhesive treatments. The results showed that seed washing treatment increased the percentage of emergence, velocity of emergence and the percentage of plant establishment, and decreased the time to 10 and 90% of the emergence. Percentage of seed emergence in seed coating treatments with Zagrot (20 ml per kg of seed), with 95% emergence, seed coating with Zagroot (30 ml per kg seed), with 94.16% emergence were superior to other treatments. The percentage of plant establishment in the Pars hybrid was higher than the Shokoufa. Among different treatments of seed coating, seed treatment with Zagroot, had the highest leaf area and root and leaf dry weight. In general, in this research, seed coating with Teprosyn and Zagroot improved seedling growth and increased plant establishment.
hamidreza zekavati; Mahmoud Shoor; Hamid Rouhani; seyyed fazel fazeli kakhki; Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of Trichoderma fungus on some morpho-physiological, flowering and biochemical traits of tuberose flower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in Research ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different levels of Trichoderma fungus on some morpho-physiological, flowering and biochemical traits of tuberose flower under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in Research Greenhouses of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016. Drought stress treatments included irrigation at 100, 50 and 25% of field capacity and fungal treatments included three levels of 20, 10 and 0% of fungus. The results showed that drought stress increased the amount of antioxidant, total chlorophyll and proline. In addition to drough stress, had a negative significant effect on fresh and dry weights of root and biomass, relative water content of leaves, floret diameter and number of open floret, but Trichoderma largely moderated these negative effects. The highest amounts of total chlorophyll (1.04 mg/g leaf fresh weight) and relative humidity of leaf water (85.2%) were obtained at 10% level of fungus, which did not show a significant difference from those at 20% level of fungus. In the rest of the traits, the highest levels were found at 20% level of fungus. Since the Trichoderma fungus, besides reducing the effects of drought stress, increases vegetative growth and increases the number of open florets (which is considered as an important factor in the marketability) of tuberose flower, use of it can be suggested as a biological factor in increasing the quality of tuberose flower in similar conditions.
Sakineh Abdi
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangement on fenugreek and savory yield and essential oil. An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications. Treatments included different row intercropping systems; 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+3, 3+1 ...
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To investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangement on fenugreek and savory yield and essential oil. An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications. Treatments included different row intercropping systems; 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+3, 3+1 (savory+fenugreek) and sole cropping fenugreek and savory. Results revealed that fenugreek yield in sole cropping is significantly higher than that of intercropping system. The highest percentage of fenugreek grain protein, savory dry weight, savory essential oil percentage and essential oil yield was obtained in 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek. The highest fenugreek essential oil yield was achieved in sole cropping and 1 row savory+3 row fenugreek. Among the used intercropping treatments, the highest intercropping advantage (IA) (1.29) was obtained in 1 row savory+3 row fenugreek. The maximum land equivalent ratio (LER) values (1.94) was obtained in 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek, indicating yield improvement in intercropping systems by 94 percent as compared with sole cropping. According to the yield and agronomic and economic benefits, it seems that 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek is suitable for increasing the income of farmers and land use efficiency.
Taher Saghali; Mohamd Esmail Amiri; Ali Imani; Hamed Rezaei; Ali Momenpour
Abstract
Almond has a high sensitivity to salt stress. Selection of a tolerant rootstock/scion is one of the ways to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress. In this experiment, the effects of salinity stress on some morphological, physiological and nutritional traits of some almond rootstocks was investigated ...
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Almond has a high sensitivity to salt stress. Selection of a tolerant rootstock/scion is one of the ways to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress. In this experiment, the effects of salinity stress on some morphological, physiological and nutritional traits of some almond rootstocks was investigated in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors (8 levels of rootstock/scion compositions and five levels of salinity) in three replications at Horticultural Research Institute in 2017. The results showed that by increasing salinity from zero to 8 ds/m, the highest and lowest amount of reduction in root dry weight was observed in ‘Shahrood 12’/Tetra (37.8%) and GN15 (14.5%), respectively. The lowest and highest dry weight loss in the main branch was observed in the bitter almond seedling (38.2%) and ‘Shahrood 12’/ GN15 (47.9%), respectively. The highest amount of necrosis was observed in bitter almond seedling (28.98%) and the lowest value was in ‘Shahrood 12’/GF677 (9.9%). The lowest and highest changes in electrolyte leakage occurred at the rootstock of GF677 (30.74%) and GN15 (42.93%). The lowest and the highest changes in sodium were observed in the ‘Shahrood 12’/GF677 (51.2%) and in the bitter almond seedling (82%), respectively. The results also showed that by increasing salinity stress, the amount of root and leaf nutrient elements increased initially and then decreased with increasing salinity levels. Based on the results, ‘Shahrood 12’/GF677 is the most tolerable combination and the ‘Shahrood12’ grafted on bitter almond seedling is the most sensitive to salt stress.
Nooshin Kazemi; Fariborz Zaree Nahandi; Ali Akbar Habashi; Wahab Asadi
Abstract
This study was aimed to production of healthy primary pear plants for propagation and establishment of a high health maternal orchard in 2014 at Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII). The experiments were conducted by evaluate the effectiveness of the chemotherapy treatments (Ribavirin ...
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This study was aimed to production of healthy primary pear plants for propagation and establishment of a high health maternal orchard in 2014 at Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII). The experiments were conducted by evaluate the effectiveness of the chemotherapy treatments (Ribavirin (0, 20, 40 and 80 mg/l) and the sizes of apical meristems culturing (less than 0.2 mm, between 0.2 to 0.7 mm and larger than 0.7 mm) on virus eradicate (ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV) from seven pear cultivars ("Abate Fetal", "Beiruti", "Coscia", "Dargazi", "Louise Bonne", "Mellina" and "Spadona"). At first maternal samples were tested for ACLSV, ASGV and ASPV by RT-PCR and all explants had been infected with all three viruses except Fettel and Beirut that were free from ASPV. We performed the chemotherapy treatments then meristems were cultured and grown in vitro. Regenerated shoots from meristem were tested by RT-PCR for all three viruses. The results showed that increasing the concentration of ribavirin and reducing the size of cultivated meristem was effective on all the three viruses’ elimination from explants. Also the responses of studied cultivars and virus varieties were different in treatments of this research. Samples that were diagnosed virus free by using RT-PCR, were proliferated, rooted and transferred into the pots to be used for later propagation and establishment of maternal orchard.