Ali Asghar Ghaderi; Barat Ali Fakheri; Nafiseh Mahdi Nezhad
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the growth indexes and physiological traitsof thyme under drought stress, an experiment was conducted in the split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture ...
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In order to investigate the effects of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the growth indexes and physiological traitsof thyme under drought stress, an experiment was conducted in the split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture University of Zabol, Iran. The main factor was drought stress and applied based on the irrigation at 75, 55 and 35% FC and the subplot was foliar application with three levels including distilled water (control), 10 mM and 20 mM ascorbic acid. Main effects of drought stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid were significant (P≤0.01) for all studied traits. The interaction of water stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid was significant only for proline. Applying severe stress compared with control was decreased the total chlorophyll, carotenoid, root and shoot dry weight (29.0, 39.9, 50.5 and 43.0%, respectively), while the leaf proline and the root length were increased (44.2 and 26.6%, respectively). The foliar application of ascorbic acid (20 mM) significantly increased the amounts of photosynthetic pigments, shoot length, root and shoot weight. Simple correlation coefficients of the traits showed a significant and positive relationship between shoot dry weight and other traits, in drought stress and 20 mM foliar application of ascorbic acid conditions. Factor analysis was identified four factors for normal and four factors for severe stress conditions that at overall were explained 98 and 95% of total variation, respectively. In general, it was concluded that photosynthetic pigments and root-related traits would be the important yield related criteria (shoot dry weight), that can be beneficial in the development of thyme with higher performance under stress conditions.
S. Hasan Hosseini; Mohammad Rafiee; Rahim Barzegar
Abstract
Peat is the most important source of casing soil for growing mushroom. Peat often imported or derived from wetlands which have unfavorable environmental impacts. In order to evaluate the effects of the replacing vermicompost and perlite as casing soil instead of peat on growth and yield of the mushrooms ...
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Peat is the most important source of casing soil for growing mushroom. Peat often imported or derived from wetlands which have unfavorable environmental impacts. In order to evaluate the effects of the replacing vermicompost and perlite as casing soil instead of peat on growth and yield of the mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), a factorial experiment was conducted on the randomized complete block design with three replications at Kosar mushroom farm in winter, 2015. Ten treatments in different ratios (volume percentage) of perlite: vermicompost: peat including T1 (0: 0: 100) T2: (0: 25: 75) T3: (12.5: 12.5: 75) T4: (16.7: 33.3: 50) T5 (25: 25: 50) T6: (18.5: 56.5: 25) T7 (25: 50: 25) T8: (37.5: 37.5: 25) T9: (33.3: 0: 66.7) T10 (50: 50: 0) were used. The maximum yield was obtained with T3 treatment with the average of 14.72 kg /m2 and the minimum yield was observed in T10 treatment with 9.43 kg/m2. The maximum and minimum numbers of harvested mushrooms were observed in treatment of T3 with 547 numbers and the treatment of T10 with the number of 244.67, respectively. For cap diameter, the treatment of T10 with an average of 5.9 cm had the maximum and the treatment of T9 with an average of 4.8 cm had the minimum cap diameter. For the average weight of individual mushroom, treatments of T10 and T3 with the average of 38 and 26 gr had the maximum and minimum weight of each mushroom, respectively. The results showed that T3 soil casing combination (12.5: 12.5: 75) can be replaced for peat.
Hossein Rabbi Angorani; Jaber Panahandeh; Sahebali Boland nazar; Jalal Saba; fariborz Zare Nahandi
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important consequences of drought stress. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound which serves as a growth regulator in the induction of resistance to drought. In order to investigate the role of salicylic acid on some anti-oxidant enzymes and some biochemical attributes ...
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Oxidative stress is one of the most important consequences of drought stress. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound which serves as a growth regulator in the induction of resistance to drought. In order to investigate the role of salicylic acid on some anti-oxidant enzymes and some biochemical attributes of medicinal pumpkin under drought stress, an experiment was designed 2014 in Zanjan University’s Research Farm, Iran. The study was arranged as factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications including drought stress at four level; control, mild stress, moderate stress, and severe stress have been arranged in four levels including (100, 85, 70 and 55% FC). Salicylic acid treatments included salicylic acid were applied as foliar application spray in four levels: 0 mg/l (solution spray with distilled water), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/l. Measured traits included peroxidase, catalase, Beta-sitosterol and oil yield proline, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (membrane peroxidation index) content. The results showed that increasing drought stress levels reduced the oil yield, but in contrast, increasing the Beta-sitosterol, membrane peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase, while application of salicylic acid at 0.5 and 1 mg/l decreased oxidative stress, membrane peroxidation and Electrolyte leakage through increasing the anti-oxidant enzymes activities such as catalase and peroxidase and proline which led to a balanced rise in oil yield and Beta-sitosterol in mild and moderated stress. These results show an increase in plant resistance to drought as a result of salicylic acid application.
Vahid Rahimi; Mehdi Mohebedini; Alireza Ghanbari; Shiva Azizinia; Mehdi Behnamian
Abstract
In order to assessment the relationship between traits affecting yield of garden cress, an experiment was conducted in lattice square design with three replications in Eyvanekey Jihad Farm in 2016. The ANOVA showed that the difference among accessions was significant for all traits. There was a significant ...
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In order to assessment the relationship between traits affecting yield of garden cress, an experiment was conducted in lattice square design with three replications in Eyvanekey Jihad Farm in 2016. The ANOVA showed that the difference among accessions was significant for all traits. There was a significant phenotypic correlation between yield and most of the traits. The highest value of phenotypic correlation was obtained between leaf height and leaf width (0.92). The regression analysis showed that the highest effect on the yield was due to leaf height and numbers of seeds per silique of lateral branches and main axis, as these three traits were about 93% of total yield changes and leaf height was the first trait that entered to the model and explained 91% of the variation. The path analysis of phenotypic correlation showed that the leaf height had the greatest direct effects on the yield (6.81). Leaf length, in addition to the direct effect on yield, through the rest of the traits has a positive indirect impact. In factor analysis, three independent factors explained about 70% of the yield variation. The first factor consists of number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique of lateral branches and main axis has named seed factors. The purpose of this study was detection of phenotype correlation between yield and yield components, estimation of direct and indirect effects of yield components on yield and its part in diversity justification.
Ali Shayanfar; Farshid Ghaderifar; Rahmatollah Behmaram; Afshin Soltani; Hamidreza Sadeghipour
Abstract
Secondary seed dormancy is known as the major reason for seed persistence of canola (Brassica napusL). Volunteer’s rapeseeds emerging from the soil seed bank can lead to unwanted gene dispersal to other plants after breaking secondary seed dormancy. At the current study, secondary dormancy was ...
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Secondary seed dormancy is known as the major reason for seed persistence of canola (Brassica napusL). Volunteer’s rapeseeds emerging from the soil seed bank can lead to unwanted gene dispersal to other plants after breaking secondary seed dormancy. At the current study, secondary dormancy was induced in 41 lines and 5 cultivars of canola under laboratory condition with using polyethylene glycol 6000, during 14 days and secondary seed dormancy recorded. This study was conducted as a randomized complete design. High germination percentage was observed at the all lines and cultivars (higher than 94%), and they were classified at five groups included very low, low, medium, high and very high secondary dormancy using cluster analysis. Among different lines, five genotypes were included at the very low group and two genotypes were included at the very high group. The other lines were placed in average and low groups. It was observed that five varieties (RGS003, Zarfam, Hyola401, Hyola308 and Hyola50) had average secondary dormancy (40-60%) that was related to breeding ignorance about secondary dormancy during seed production process. Lines classification based on different levels of secondary dormancy helps seed producers to select lines with low levels of secondary dormancy along with high yield and other characteristics, in order to deal with problems in seed producing process.
Javad Taie; Ebrahim Amiri; Ahmad Aien; Naser Boroumand; Mehrangiz Jokar
Abstract
Crop Simulation Models are advanced tools to estimate crop yield and optimizing of crop management practices. This study was conducted in order to evaluate DSSAT model under autumn cropping system condition in Jiroft, Iran, 2012-2014. The field experiment which repeated in two sequential years and three ...
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Crop Simulation Models are advanced tools to estimate crop yield and optimizing of crop management practices. This study was conducted in order to evaluate DSSAT model under autumn cropping system condition in Jiroft, Iran, 2012-2014. The field experiment which repeated in two sequential years and three replications were performed as randomized complete block design in split plots. The main factor was planting date (17th, 23th, 29th September and 5th October) and its subfactor was potato cultivars (Sante, Satina and Boren). Data of first and second years of field experiment was applied respectively for calibration and evaluation of model. Data-base requirement for model was created from 1. climatic data includes: temperature, radiation, relative humidity, wind and precipitation; 2. crop data attained from field experiment, 3. soil data. Results of statistical evaluation of model showed the good fitness of simulated and actual yield performance. Simulated tuber yields were similar to their observed value with RMSE of 19% (1210 kg/ha) and high correlation between observed and simulated tuber yield (R2>0.9). Simulated biomass had 2673.5 kg/ha difference to its observed value that showed low estimation precision (RMSE>30%). This model couldn’t predict tuber initiation stage correctly (RMSE>30%). Therefore, it was concluded that DSSAT model predicted potato yield correctly but due to weak precision in estimation of phenological stage, had low assurance for use in autumn cropping system of potato under autumn cropping system in Jiroft region.
Moslem Mousavian; Eidi Bazgir; Aref Moradpour
Abstract
Cinnamon essential oil has been used for centuries to protect food from microbiological infection and in the last ten years. Cinnamon essential oil is also incorporated into food packaging materials as antimicrobial agent. The Main objectiveof the present study was to determine the antifungal activity ...
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Cinnamon essential oil has been used for centuries to protect food from microbiological infection and in the last ten years. Cinnamon essential oil is also incorporated into food packaging materials as antimicrobial agent. The Main objectiveof the present study was to determine the antifungal activity of cinnamon essential oil against Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum fungi isolated from grapes, tomato, and orange. Cinnamon Essential oil was extracted by the Clevenger-type apparatus and identification and amount of the essential oil was performed by using chromatography–mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Analysis of the total essential oil content showed that cinnamaldehyde (89.51%), cinnamyl acetate (4.56%), cinnamaldehyde (p-methoxy) (0.97%) and cubebene (0.29%) were the major constituents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cinnamon oil against B.cinerea, A. niger and P. digitatum were 200 µl/l and minimum fungicidal concentrations were 400 µl/l for three pathogens. The antifungal activity of cinnamon oil against A. niger and B.cinerea was stronger than that against P. digitatum in MIC concentration and the activity was improved with increasing its concentration. In vivo study, the fungi in the vicinity of concentration 600 µl/l of cinnamon essential oil grown in fruits, 11.53% for strawbery, 7.30% for tomato and 10.10% for orange. These results revealed that cinnamon essential oil has a good potential to be as a natural antifungal agent for control postharvest fruit and vegetables disease.
Roqia Adeli; Elias Soltani; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Hossein Ramshini
Abstract
Identification of cultivars with tolerance to water stress has important for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with two factors of 20 genotypes of canola and 5 water potentials of 0, -0.15, -0.3, -0.5, ...
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Identification of cultivars with tolerance to water stress has important for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with two factors of 20 genotypes of canola and 5 water potentials of 0, -0.15, -0.3, -0.5, and -0.8 MPa in 4 replications in Seed Technology Laboratory of College of Aburaihan, during 2015-16. Seed germination of different genotypes was recorded twice in a day for each water potential at 20oC. Thereafter, hydrotime model was fitted to time course germination. Results indicated that Karaj 1 and Opera had the lowest value of base water potential with -1.23 and -1.2 (MPa) and they were the most tolerant genotypes to drought. Genotypes of 203 and Likord had the highest value of base water potential with -0.27 and -0.22 and the most sensitive genotypes to water stress. The lowest hydrotime constant belonged to Zarfam and Talaye with 22.67 and 23.73 MPa-hours and the highest hydrotime constant belonged to 389 and Opera with 50.93 and 48.07 MPa-hours. The base water potential with 95% had the highest broad sense heritability. Using this information it is possible to identify genotypes with higher efficiency and more tolerate to water stress in future breeding programs to breed new genotypes with tolerance to water stress.
Sajad Sheikhpour; Alireza Sirousmehr; Barat Ali Fakheri
Abstract
In order to study the effects of nitrogen rates and nitroxin inoculation levels on quantitative traits of borage, a field experiment was conducted as split plots arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during growing season 2011-2012. Treatments consisted of four ...
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In order to study the effects of nitrogen rates and nitroxin inoculation levels on quantitative traits of borage, a field experiment was conducted as split plots arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during growing season 2011-2012. Treatments consisted of four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and three nitroxin amounts (0, 0.5 L/ha Seed inoculation and 0.5 L/ha as a foliar application) which were allocated to main plots and sub plots, respectively. Result indicated that the treatments had significant effects on plant height, stem height, number of leaves, number of flowers per plant, number of branches, the yield of inflorescence and total dry yield of borage. The highest plant was related 100 kg/ha nitrogen + seed inoculation and the lowest value was achieved control. There was a significant interaction between nitrogen and nitroxin due to most traits. The highest inflorescence yield (1168.11 kg/ha) and yield of the plant (9294.01 kg/ha) were achieved by using 100kg/ha nitrogen + seed inoculation, which was 50% higher than the control.
Shabnam Moradi; Babak Pasari; Reza Talebi
Abstract
To study the effects of mycorrhiza, organic and chemical fertilizers on growth of tobacco plant, an experiment was carried out as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Marivan during 2014-2015. The main factor was two levels of inoculation by mycorrhiza including ...
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To study the effects of mycorrhiza, organic and chemical fertilizers on growth of tobacco plant, an experiment was carried out as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Marivan during 2014-2015. The main factor was two levels of inoculation by mycorrhiza including no inoclution and inoclution by mycorrhiza (Glumus interaradices) and subplots were organic and chemical fertilizers in five levels as, control (distilled water), fulvic acid, seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum), urea and fulvic acid + seaweed extract + urea. The results showed that the studied characters were not affected significantly by mycorrihza. Also, the results of foliar application of fertilizers were showed that the most characters were affected significantly. Mean comparison of lower part of leaves weight showed that maximum leaf fresh weight in hectare and leaf dry weight in hectare was obtained by foliar application of seaweed extract. The maximum value of leaf length was achieved in fulvic acid and urea treatments. Mean comparison of middle part of leaves weight showed that the maximum value of leaf fresh weight in hectare was obtained by seaweed extract, and the maximum leaf dry in hectare was achieved by fulvic acid and distilled water (control) treatments. In upper part of leaves weight showed the maximum value of leaf fresh weight in hectare and income were obtained by fulvic acid. In this experiment, the highest income was achieved by fulvic acid spraying treatment and following by seaweed extract and fulvic acid + seaweed extract + urea.
Mahdi Sadeghi Raviz; Nourollah Ahmadi; Naser Safaie; Iman Rahmani
Abstract
The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) vapor treatment on antioxidant enzymes activities and vase life of gerbera cut flower was investigated in this experiment. This research was conducted as a split-plot experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory of the ...
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The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) vapor treatment on antioxidant enzymes activities and vase life of gerbera cut flower was investigated in this experiment. This research was conducted as a split-plot experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory of the postharvest physiology, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University in 2013. Gerbera flowers were harvested at early morning from a commercial greenhouse and cut flower stems were put in a preservative solution containing 200 mg/L 8- hydroxyquinoline sulfate and sucrose 3%, exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 µlL−1 MeJA with 20 µlL−1 ethanol and control for 24 h. The results showed that MeJA significantly increased vase life and improved postharvest characteristics of cut gerbera flowers. MeJA 0.2 µlL−1 treatment extended the vase life to 15.67 days, compared to the control and ethanol treatments. Minimum of petal wilting symptoms were revealed in samples treated with MeJA. The lowest malondialdehyde and lipid peroxidation rates were also observed in MeJA treatments that they had a significant difference with ethanol and control. MeJA treatments resulted in increasing antioxidant enzymes activity and protein content compared with ethanol or control.
Seyed marziyeh Hosseini valashkolaee; Yahya Tajvar; Masoud Azadbakht; Zeinab Rafie-rad
Abstract
Low temperature stress is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses that affects the growth and yield of ornamental plants. In order to investigate of some physiological and biochemical indices of four varieties of ornamental Citrus used in urban landscapes under low temperature stress ...
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Low temperature stress is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses that affects the growth and yield of ornamental plants. In order to investigate of some physiological and biochemical indices of four varieties of ornamental Citrus used in urban landscapes under low temperature stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center of Ramsar in 2015. Treatments were included the temperature with four levels (3, 0, -3 and -6˚C) and four varieties of ornamental Citrus including (Kumquat, Fingered citron, Calamondin and Limequat). Results showed that amounts of electrolyte leakage, water soaking, prolin content, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity were increased significantly by reducing of temperature, while chlorophyll and total chlorophyll contents were decreased. Accordingly, the lowest leaf water soaking (20.92%) and electrolyte leakage (30.81%) amount, which are destructive indices, were showed in Kamquate. Total chlorophyll amount (2.21 mg/gFW), antioxidant capacity (60.61%) and superoxide dismutase activity (26.53 IU/gFW), that are tolerability indices, were more relevant at Kamquate. In general, Kumquat could tolerate the freezing stress up to -3°C by increasing of some indices such as proline, soluble sugars, antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity.
Zahra Esfahani; Taher Barzegar; Zahra Ghahremani; Jafar Nikbakht
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and foliar spray of Megafol on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato cv. Rio Grande, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Filed at the University ...
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In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and foliar spray of Megafol on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato cv. Rio Grande, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Filed at the University of Zanjan, Iran in 2015. Treatments consisted arrangement of three irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 75 and 50% ETc (crop evapotranspiration)) and four levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 ml/L) of Megafol. Results showed significant effects of water deficit stress on yield, fruit quality, and WUE. Megafol treatment showed significant effects on yield, fruit firmness, lycopene content, and WUE. The highest total soluble solids (2.41%) and titratable acidity (TA) (2.09) was found at 50% ETc irrigation treatment. Foliar application of 2 ml/L megafol showed the highest value of TSS (2.29%), TA (1.97%), lycopene (0.83 g/l), fruit per plant (37.94), fruit weight (59.32 g) and WUE (21.78 kg/m3). The interaction effect of irrigation by foliar treatments had a significant effect on plant yield, fruits number per plant and TA. The maximum fruit number (51.73) and plant yield (3278.43 g) was obtained by application of 2 ml/L Megafol under 100% ETc irrigation. Also, the highest TA was achieved in 1 ml/L Megafol and 50% ETc irrigation. According to the results, foliar application of 2 ml/l Megafol improved fruit yield under normal irrigation and deficit water stress and resulted in 16% increase in WUE. Irrigation at 75% ETc level with 16% yield reduction, saved 25% of water as compared to 100% ETc treatment.
Mohammad Ghasem Jami; Amir Ghalavand; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavy
Abstract
To decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of sunflower, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2105. Three irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 80% of soil water at field capacity ...
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To decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of sunflower, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2105. Three irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 80% of soil water at field capacity (FC)), three soil fertility systems (100% farmyard manure (35% chicken manure + 65% sheep manure), 50% farmyard manure + 50% chemical fertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer (urea)) and three zeolite rates (0, 5 and 10 ton ha-1) were studied in a split factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, with irrigation regimes as the main plots, and factorial combination of the other two factors as the subplots. Over two experimental years, there were significant increases in grain yield and water use efficiency by applying either 100% farmyard manure (28.2 + 14.6 ton sheep + chicken manure ha-1, respectively) or integrated fertilizer (14.1 + 7.3 ton sheep + chicken manure ha-1, respectively plus 65 kg urea ha-1) with 5 or 10 ton zeolite ha-1 under all irrigation treatments. Based on the results, irrigation after depleting 40% of soil water at FC was revealed as a most performance of all treatment combinations. The highest oil and protein concentrations of grain were obtained with zeolite application under non-stress conditions. Chemical fertilizer application increased grain protein concentration, while organic manure increased grain oil concentration.
Ali Mansouri rad; Ali Nakhzari Moghadam; Afshin Soltani; Ali Rahemi Karizaki; Benyamin Torabi
Abstract
One of the main problems of soybean production in the east region of Golestan, Iran is considerable difference between actual yield and attainable yield which is called yield gap. In recent years, this gap has been impressive, and therefore, identifying soybean yield-limiting factors is essentially needed. ...
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One of the main problems of soybean production in the east region of Golestan, Iran is considerable difference between actual yield and attainable yield which is called yield gap. In recent years, this gap has been impressive, and therefore, identifying soybean yield-limiting factors is essentially needed. The present study was conducted based on CPA method in 73 fields of Kalaleh )Golestan, Iran) in 2016. In this study all information related about management practices, soil characteristics and farmer socio-economic status were measured and recorded. Then, using stepwise regression, the relationship between variables and yield was considered. The results showed that there is a 2606.4 kg/ha difference (gap) between actual yield (average farmers' yield) and attainable yield (maximum farmers' yield). It was identified that farming experience, burying plant residues in the soil, planting date, Sprinkler irrigation, the amount of used water and plant density were contributed to yield gap, 30.1, 5.1, 14.7, 13.8, 13.8 and 22.5%, respectively. It could be concluded that improving these factors will increase the yield up to 1802.9 kg/ha.
Negar Saemi; Mohammad Javad Nazarideljou; Nabi Khezri Nezhad
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ajowan's (Carum copticum) essential oil as a natural and non-chemical fungicide on flower longevity and gray mold infection as the most important agent of rose postharvest losses. Different essential oil concentrations of Ajowan (0, 300 600 and ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ajowan's (Carum copticum) essential oil as a natural and non-chemical fungicide on flower longevity and gray mold infection as the most important agent of rose postharvest losses. Different essential oil concentrations of Ajowan (0, 300 600 and 900 µL/L) applied as a postharvest foliar application on rose cut flowers (Rosa × hybrida cv. Angelina) which inoculated with gray mold fungus compared to the control (non-contaminated). Based on the results, enzymatic antioxidant capacity (CAT and POD), lipid peroxidation, vase life and gray mold contamination were affected significantly by gray mold infection and foliar application of Ajowan essential oil. According to the results, the minimum gray mold infection was observed at the highest essential oil level 900 µL/L. The highest flower vase life of roses which were inoculated by gray mold was observed at 600 µL/L; while maximum flower vase life was observed at the same concentration but in non-inoculated flowers by gray mold (control plants). The results of the present experiment led to conclude that increasing of flower longevity of infected roses by gray mold under Ajowan's essential oil was achieved because of lipid peroxidation reduction and ion leakage as well as a consequence of antioxidant activity which has been happened under essential oil treatments.
Elahe Moradi Marjaneh; Mohammad Galavi; Mahmood Ramroudi; Mahmood Solouki
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers at different cuts on some properties of the Rosemary, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Zabol University Research Farm. Three times cuttings ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers at different cuts on some properties of the Rosemary, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Zabol University Research Farm. Three times cuttings were Autumn’s first cut (late autumn), spring’s first cut (late spring) and autumn’s second cut (six months after autumn’s first cut) being considered as a major factor. The biological fertilizers included Aztobarvar, Phosphate Barvar-2, Petabarvar and chemical fertilizer NPK 20:20:20 and the control was considered as a subplot factor. The results showed that spring’s first cut had the greatest impact on essential oil content and phosphor. The autumn’s second cut had the greatest influence on the percentage of leaf relative water and the concentration of potassium and sodium. Amounts of protein, soluble carbohydrates, dry matter yield, essential oil content and essential yield, oil percentage and oil yield, leaf relative water, chlorophyll, carotenes and nitrogen increased as affected by fertilizers compared with control. The maximum amount of phosphor (7352 mg.kg-1) was obtained from application of Phosphate Barvar-2. Additionally, the maximum amount of potassium (5542 mg.kg-1) and the minimum of sodium (4760 mg.kg-1) was obtained from Petabarvar. Protein, dry matter yield and oil yield, oil percentage, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll significantly increased under the interactions of spring’s first cut and Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer by 28/36 mg.liter-1, (3294 and 53/90 kg.ha-1) 1/63, 6/66, 1/94 and 81/4 mg.gr-1, respectivly. The results also indicated that the interaction of spring’s first cut and Petabarvar biologic fertilizer had the highest essential oil yield (41.46 kg.ha-1) and interaction of autumn’s second cut and Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer produced the highest amount of nitrogen (12955 ppm) in shoot. The result showed that the application of Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer in spring’s first cut improved and enhanced the quantitative and physiological characteristics of Rosemary. This would probably have been due to facilitating nitrogen uptake and optimal environmental conditions for growth and development.
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation withholding and foliar potassium application on some physiological traits (photosynthesis, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll) and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation withholding and foliar potassium application on some physiological traits (photosynthesis, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll) and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2011-2012 in two locations: Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Karaj and Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Yazd. The experimental factors were included drought stress (three levels of irrigation withholdings were irrigation withheld from ear emergence to physiological maturity, irrigation withheld from grain filling to physiological maturity, and normal irrigation) foliar potassium application (without potassium application, 1.5 and 3.0% K2SO4) and genotype (two wheat cultivars of ‘Marvdasht’, ‘Pishtaz’and aline‘WS-82-9’). Results showed that the studied characteristics were significantly reduced by increasing drought stress level. The highest harvest index was observed in ‘WS-82-9’ in Karaj under normal irrigation (32.69%) and the lowest harvest index was obtained from ‘Marvdasht’cultivarin Yazd, under severe stress (11.50%). Genotypes were different for cell membrane stability and the lowest rate was belonged to ‘Marvdasht’ (35.5%). Foliar application of 3.0% K2SO4 caused to significant differences in physiological characteristics, especially for leaf photosynthesis under severe drought stress condition: photosynthesis increased 99.1 and 69.7% in Yazd and Karaj, respectively. It can be concluded that cultivating of ‘WS-82-9’ and spraying of 3.0% K2SO4 were effective to moderate drought stress, especially when fields have limitations for irrigation water at the end of crop life cycle.
Samaneh Asadisanam; Mohsen Zavareh; Hematolah Pirdashti; Fatemeh Sefidkon; Ghorban Ali Nemat Zadeh
Abstract
Purple conefloweras top-selling medicinal plant is widely used in Europe and North America for the treatment of common cold. This experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement with three replications in Research Farm of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology ...
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Purple conefloweras top-selling medicinal plant is widely used in Europe and North America for the treatment of common cold. This experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement with three replications in Research Farm of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan in 2012-13. Experimental treatments included three transplanting dates (April 9, May 9 and June 8, 2013), and three plant population densities (7, 10 and 16 plant/m2) which considered as main and subplots, respectively. Results showed a relative compensatory effect of higher population density until 10 plants/m2, however, delayed planting resulted to decrease in total shoot, leaf (L) and stem (S) dry weights. It represents that the highest flower (F) dry weight (27.1 g/plant) was related to planting on May 9 with 10 plant/m2 density. Ratio of L/shoot was greater than S/Shoot than F/shoot dry weight. The highest (L+F)/Shoot ratio was related to the April and May planting dates while the highest S/Shoot ratio was related June’s planting date. Maximum total phenol content of leaves (51.1 mg of GAE/ g dry matter) and stems (35.9 mg of GAE/ g dry matter) were measured in plants cultivated on April 9 with a density of 10 plant/m2. The highest total phenolic content of flowers (56.5 mg of GAE/ g dry matter) was determined in plants cultivated on May 9 with a density of 10 plant/m2. Total phenol of flowers was greater in leaves than stems. Overall, it could be concluded that early planting of purple coneflower on April 9 with 10 plant/m2 density was suitable for leaf and stem dry weight and total phenol production, while the delayed planting until May 9 with a population density of 10 plant/m2 was favorite for flower as production of dry weight and total phenol, according to the experiment conditions