Zobeydeh Alborz; Friborz Habibi; Seyed Najmadin Mortazavi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of pre and postharvest polyamines spraying on increasing vase life of alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaaurantica cv.Sukari), an experimental was conducted on completely randomized factorial design with two types polyamines (putrescine, spermine) in four levels (zero, five, 10, 15 ...
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In order to study the effect of pre and postharvest polyamines spraying on increasing vase life of alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaaurantica cv.Sukari), an experimental was conducted on completely randomized factorial design with two types polyamines (putrescine, spermine) in four levels (zero, five, 10, 15 and 20 mg/l). Results showed that, 20 mg/l of putrescine and spermine treatments increased vase life to 19 and 20 days, and 10 mg/l increased vase life to 14 and 18 days, respectively. Putrescine and spermine treatments had a significant effect on leaf chlorophyll index in three stages of sampling. In the first stage of sampling, 20 mg/l putrescine concentration and 10 and 20 mg/l spermine concentration had a significant effect on fresh and dry weight. Concentrations of putrescine and spermine (10 and 20 mg/l) significantly increased catalase enzyme activity in the first and second stage of sampling and spermine effect was more than putrescine. Treatment of 20 mg/l spermine significantly increased superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and increased its activity until third stage of sampling. Putrescine and spermine significantly decreased chlorophyllase, pectinase and phenoloxidase and best treatment was 20 mg/l spermine. Treatments of putrescine and spermine (10 and 20 mg/l) had significant effect on increasing membrane resistance in the first and second stage of sampling. According to results it can be said that, spermin 20 and putrescine 10 mg/l had most effect on increasing vase life and decreasing senescence of alstroemeria flowers. Spermin was more effective than putrescine in increasing vase life of alstroemeria flowers
Tahererh Rezapour Kavishahi; Saeed Saifzadeh; Marefat Mostafavi Rad; alireza valadabadi; Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh
Abstract
In order to evaluate of grain yield of groundnut under intercropping with corn under the application of phosphorus chemical and bio-fertilizers, this experiment is performed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht, Iran in 2017 and 2018 cropping ...
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In order to evaluate of grain yield of groundnut under intercropping with corn under the application of phosphorus chemical and bio-fertilizers, this experiment is performed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht, Iran in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Five level of phosphorus fertilizer (PF) as triple super phosphate (TSP) including 1. Zero (as control), 2. 50 kg/ha TSP, 3. 100 kg/ha TSP, 4. 50 kg/ha TSP + 200 g/ha Barvar2 phosphate bio-fertilizer (BPB), and 5. 100 kg/ha TSP + 200 g/ha BPB, and five intercropping pattern (IP) including 1. maize sole cropping, 2. groundnut sole cropping, 3. intercropped groundnut-maize with the ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 rows, comprise the experimental treatments. According to the results from this experiment, the interaction effect between phosphorus fertilizer × intercropping system has been significant for all measured characteristics. Maximum grain yield of maize and groundnut are observed in the application of 100 kg/ha phosphorus fertilizer plus 200 g Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer under sole crop. The combined usage of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizer increase grain yield of maize and groundnut under sole crop. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) equal 1.88 can be seen under control treatment and maize-groundnut intercropped system with the ratio of 1:1 rows. Intercropping system improve yield attributes of groundnut such as pod numbers per plant and grain number per pod, pod length, and diameter. Based on the results of this experiment, maize-groundnut intercropped system are advantageous for crop production per unit area. In addition, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus content in groundnut grain rise in response to the integrated application of chemical phosphorus and Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer under maize-groundnut intercropped system. Maize-groundnut intercropped system with the ratio of 1:1 rows and the application of 100 kg/ha phosphorus fertilizer plus 200 g Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer are superior to other treatments. Hence, Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer superiority could be recommendable to enhance profitability and crop production at maize-groundnut intercropping system under region climatic condition.
Akram Mahdavi; Jafar Masoud Sinaki; Majid Amini dehaghi; Shahram Rezvan; Ali Damavandi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of chemical, biological and nano fertilizers on the yield and quality traits (oil and protein) of sesame seeds under different irrigation regimes an experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial based on completely randomized blocks design with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of chemical, biological and nano fertilizers on the yield and quality traits (oil and protein) of sesame seeds under different irrigation regimes an experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial based on completely randomized blocks design with three replications at Shahed University during 2015-2016 growing seasons. Irrigation withholding levels (full irrigation (control) and irrigation withholding at 65 and 75 BBCH (codes of phonological stages that are equivalent to 50% of flowering and seed ripening respectively) were assigned as main plot and different nitrogen combinations (nitroxin, urea, and a mix of 50% nitroxin plus urea), various combinations of potassium (not used, nano-potassium foliar application (2 per thousand), irrigated use of potassium dioxide (2 L ha−1) and soil application of nano-potassium (2 kg ha−1) were allocated in the subplots. The highest number of per-plant capsules (19.26 numbers) was observed with irrigation up to 50% seed ripening and the use of urea together with the potassium nano chelate foliar application. The greatest grain yield and protein content and yield were obtained in irrigation up to 50% seed ripening in the absence of potassium fertilizer and nitroxin usage (1340.5, 276.53 kg ha−1 and 5-20%, respectively). The oil yield was utmost in irrigation up to 50% flowering and foliar application of potassium nano chelate together with the mixed system of 50% urea fertilizer plus nitroxin with average values of 47.96% and 550.46 kg ha−1, respectively. The use of nitroxin as a nano-bio-fertilizer and foliar application of chelated nano potassium in irrigation withholding conditions up to 50% grain aggregation resulted in increased grain yield (approx. 15% compared to the control) as well as improved quality of sesame seeds.
Jafar Massah; Hassan Tahmasebi; Mahmoud Reza Roozban; Behzad Azadegan
Abstract
The use of methods to reduce energy consumption in greenhouses such as reduced heat losses, and improved efficiency of heating, cooling, and irrigation systems cancut energy consumption for the production of any crop to several times. The present research has designed and built an automated system ...
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The use of methods to reduce energy consumption in greenhouses such as reduced heat losses, and improved efficiency of heating, cooling, and irrigation systems cancut energy consumption for the production of any crop to several times. The present research has designed and built an automated system for climate control of a rose greenhouse. This system is consisted of control and measurement stations. The control unit, itself, is consisted of a human-machine interface (HMI) device; while the measurement station is formed of one humidity, one light, and eight temperature sensors. Climate conditions of the greenhouse is received by the measurement station, there to be sent to the control one. Also, energy consumption in both systems are calculated and analyzed, too. The present research compares the impacts of the built automated system for climate control of greenhouse on the qualitative and quantitative traits of three cut-roses cultivars including 'Angelina', 'Samurai', and 'Red One' with the control system. Quality index and shoot weight of the cut-roses are improved under the automated system than the control. But there no difference could be found in traits of flowering stem length and number, stem diameter, number of lateral and blind shoots, internodes length, and vase-life, between the crops of two systems compared. The results also indicate a reduction in energy consumption under the automated climate management system than the control, equal to 12%. In sum, considering that the use of climate control system has improved the efficiency of energy consumption without having a negative impact on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the crop, it is recommended.
Kamal Sadat Asilan
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements on fatty acid profiles, oil percentage, grain yield, and flax seed oil, Lirina cultivar, a factorial experiment has been conducted during 2019, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Hashtgerd ...
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In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements on fatty acid profiles, oil percentage, grain yield, and flax seed oil, Lirina cultivar, a factorial experiment has been conducted during 2019, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Hashtgerd research farm, Alborz Province. It has employed a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications with the factors involving three levels of nitrogen fertilizers (N1=30, N2=60, and N3=90 Kgha-1, three levels of phosphorus fertilizers (P1=40, P2=80, and P3=120 Kg.ha-1), and three levels of potassium fertilizers (K1=40, K2=80, and K3=120 Kg.ha-1). Result show that the highest amount of linolenic acid (43.99%), linoleic acid (17.68%), and palmitic acid (6.02%) have occurred in 30 kg. ha-1 nitrogen and 40 kg.ha-1 phosphorus. The highest amount of oleic acid (27.49%) and stearic acid (5.25%) belong to 30 kg.ha-1 phosphorus. Based on the results, the highest amount of grain yield (2384 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (939 kg.ha-1) are recorded in 90 and 120 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Therefore, according to the results, different levels of fertilizer on percentage of oil has had no significant effect.
sayed ali tabatabaei
Abstract
One of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development of them. It was found that seed priming improves some characteristics of seedling and plant. An experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of seed priming ...
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One of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development of them. It was found that seed priming improves some characteristics of seedling and plant. An experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on some characteristics of barley seed at early growth stages, antioxidant enzyes activity and proline content under drought stress. The first factor was priming with salicylic acid (zero, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and the second factor was three levels of drought (zero, -6 and -12 bar). The results showed that SA pretreatment effect on germination percentage, germination rate, dry weight, protein, catalase, ascorbat peroxidase activity and proline content were significant. The interaction effect of stress seed treatment on leaf number was not significant but the main factors were significant. The highest germination percentage (98.7), germination rate and seedling dry weight were found at 100 ppm concentrations of salicylic acid. Under drought stress conditions, protein content decreased but salicylic acid pretreatment increased the valuet. Also, drought stress conditions increased enzyme activity and proline content, but salicylic acid pretreatment decreased them.
MohamMad Rahmani; Mohamad Esmaeili Aftabdari
Abstract
Considering modifications in the usual alfalfa planting pattern is critical for expansion of alfalfa seed and forage dual-purpose cultivation idea between seed growers so that, an experimental design based on randomized block design run in two years 2013 and 2014 in Zanjan province. Four planting patterns ...
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Considering modifications in the usual alfalfa planting pattern is critical for expansion of alfalfa seed and forage dual-purpose cultivation idea between seed growers so that, an experimental design based on randomized block design run in two years 2013 and 2014 in Zanjan province. Four planting patterns including hand-spreading, 25, 50 and 75 cm row spacing put on the main plots and three seeding rates including 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha put on the subplots. Results of combined analysis revealed that highest dry forage yield produced from 25 and 50 cm row spacing which had not meaningful difference with each other. The same results happened for seed rates of 20 and 30 kg/ha which had the highest dry yield. Germination as a seed quality index was not affected by planting pattern and seeding rate. But seed weight produced from 10 kg/ha seeding rate was heavier than other treatments. Economic value of dry forage was higher in 25 and 50 cm row spacing and 20 to 30 kg/ha seeding rate which were the same as each other. Based on these results, the highest economic value of alfalfa dual-purpose forage and seed production acquired from planting pattern 50 cm row spacing and 10kg/ha seeding rate and may use for alfalfa seed stand establishment as a recommendation.
Roya Karimi; Hashem Hadi; Mehdi Tajbakhsh Shishavan
Abstract
According to the global water shortage problem, the exploring for reducing its harmful effects is very important. This experiment was conducted as split plots method based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in Urmia University research field during growing season of 2013-14. Water ...
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According to the global water shortage problem, the exploring for reducing its harmful effects is very important. This experiment was conducted as split plots method based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in Urmia University research field during growing season of 2013-14. Water deficit stress as main plot consisted of three levels (irrigation when soil moisture reached 90, 70 and 50 percent of soil field capacity) and foliar applications (at 5-6 leaf stage two times with an interval of three days) as sub plot with five levels including: no foliar application (control), foliar application of salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 millimolar) and zinc sulphate (300 and 3000 milligram per liter). The results showed that the interaction effect of foliar application and water deficit significantly influenced photosynthetic pigments (except total chlorophyll content) and relative water content. The main effects of foliar application and water deficit were significant on leaves number, dry weight of leaves and stems, forage yield per square meter, electrolyte leakage and leaf area index. Severe Water deficit significantly decreased dry matter yield by 21.11 percent relative to normal irrigation. The maximum forage dry matter yield with average of 1571.53 gram per square meter were produced by both foliar application of zinc sulphate 3000 milligram per liter and salicylic acid 0.5 millimolar, which not only compensate for spraying costs but also lead to an acceptable increase in farmers' income. Therefore they could be recommended for farmers.
Sahereh Hashemian; Alireza Abdali Mashhadi; Amin Lotfi jalal-abadi; Ahmad Kochekzadeh
Abstract
Thanks to its palatability and high digestibility, chicory plays an effective role in increasing domestic animals’ products. In order to study the effect of sowing data and nitrogen fertilizer levels on some characteristics of chichory (Cichorium intybus L.), an experiment has been conducted in ...
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Thanks to its palatability and high digestibility, chicory plays an effective role in increasing domestic animals’ products. In order to study the effect of sowing data and nitrogen fertilizer levels on some characteristics of chichory (Cichorium intybus L.), an experiment has been conducted in a split plot design, using randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in 2016-2017. The factors include four sowing data (22 October, 5 November, 21 November, and 5 December) as the main plots and four levels of nitrogen (zero (non-application), 75, 150, and 225 kg / ha) as subplots. Results show that the sowing dates have only affected chlorophyll meter index, dry matter digestibility, and digestible energy, whereas nitrogen has had a significant effect on all studied traits. Increasing the application of nitrogen to 225 kg / ha increases plant height, chlorophyll meter index, leaf area, and branch number, not to mention both fresh and dry weights of the plant. The treatment of 225 kg / ha nitrogen raises the fresh weight of shoots and the percentage of forage protein by 66.35% and 6.44%, respectively, compared to non-application. But in these two traits, no significant difference has been observed among nitrogen application levels in different planting dates. In this study, late planting date led to better conditions for most physiological, morphological yield, and quality characteristics. Accordingly, it is turned out that October 22 till November 5 sowing date with 150 kg ha-1 fertilizer has been the best treatment for chicory cultivation in Ahvaz.
Mostafa Darvish nia; Abdolhosein Rezaei Nejad; Bahram Delfan
Abstract
To investigate the antifungal effects of essential oils of Khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad), Rechingeri savory (S. rechingeri Jamzad), carvacrol and Benomyl on Botrytis cinerea, this study was carried out in a PDA medium, and on grapes, kiwi fruits and strawberry. The experiment was laid ...
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To investigate the antifungal effects of essential oils of Khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad), Rechingeri savory (S. rechingeri Jamzad), carvacrol and Benomyl on Botrytis cinerea, this study was carried out in a PDA medium, and on grapes, kiwi fruits and strawberry. The experiment was laid out factorially based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that essential oil of Khuzestani savory, Carvacrol and Benomyl had greater antifungal effects compared with that in essential oil of Rechingeri savory. The main components of essential oil of Khuzestani savory were Carvacrol (91.16 Percent), p-Cymene (1.26 Percent), γ-Terpenen (0.74 Percent). The main components of essential oil of Rechingeri savory were Carvacrol (77.2 Percent), p-Cymene (1.26 Percent), γ-Terpenen (1.62 Percent). Essential oil of Khuzestani savory with concentrations of 200 ml, Carvacrol and Benomyl in all concentrations used showed 100 percent fungal inhibitory effects. The results of experiments in medium and on fruits showed that the antifungal effects of essential oils increased as their concentration increased.
Asieh Siahmarguee; Benjamin Torabi; Eid Mohammad Sohrabi Rad; Syed majid Alimagham
Abstract
To investigate the factors affecting soybean yield loss in comparison to the attainable yield, an experiment was conducted in 50 fields in the township of Kalaleh in summer of 2016. Sampling of weeds were taken in early growing season of soybean based on W pattern. In this study all agronomic management ...
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To investigate the factors affecting soybean yield loss in comparison to the attainable yield, an experiment was conducted in 50 fields in the township of Kalaleh in summer of 2016. Sampling of weeds were taken in early growing season of soybean based on W pattern. In this study all agronomic management information including land area, farmers experience, seed bed preparation, sowing date, cultivar and provided seed source, sowing methods, seed rate, weeds control methods, amount and time of applied herbicide and wheat harvest time were collected during growing season by preparing questionnaire and complete them with farmers. In evaluated fields, 13 weed species belonged to 11 families were observed. Among the various parameters, field area, seed rate, certified seed application, planting date, Asian spider flower (Cleome viscosa L.) and Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense L.) had the significant effects on soybean yield. The minimum and optimum predicted yields with model were 1039 and 2036 kg/ha-1, respectively. Thus there was 996 kg/ha-1 gap between minimum and optimum predicted yield in this township. Results showed certified seed (23.07 percent), delay planting date(15.04 percent), low seed rate (11.54 percent), low field area(7.62 percent), present of Johnson grass(12.47 percent) and asian spider flower(30.25 percent) weeds were the most effective factors on this yield gap. With optimizing mentioned agronomic managements could reduce yield gap and increased yield to double.
Mohammad Aboutalebian; Rangin Shabrandi
Abstract
To investigate the effect of on-farm seed priming and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different amounts of phosphate fertilizer on emergence, yield and yield components of a semi-mid maturity corn hybrid (ES-SENSOR), an experiment was conducted at the research station of Agriculture College, Bu-Ali Sina ...
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To investigate the effect of on-farm seed priming and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different amounts of phosphate fertilizer on emergence, yield and yield components of a semi-mid maturity corn hybrid (ES-SENSOR), an experiment was conducted at the research station of Agriculture College, Bu-Ali Sina University in 2012 in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications, where the first factor was priming in two levels including control (non-primed) and priming with water and second factor was arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (control and application of mycorrhizae) and the third factor was phosphate fertilizer application in three levels (non-use, 50 and 100 percent of recommended phosphate fertilizer). Results showed that seed priming increased seedling emergence rate by 15 percents. The highest symbiosis percentage was about 65.47 which was obtained by application of mycorrhizae and 50 percent of phosphate fertilizer recommendation. Also seed priming increased the number of grains per ear. 100 seed weight was also increased significantly by priming and inoculation with mycorrhizae at 50 percent phosphate fertilizer recommendation. In this study, seed priming increased grain yield by 22.32 percent. The highest yield rate of 1249.59 g/m2 was obtained in 50 percent phosphate application and use of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Therefore by application of mycorrhizal fungi in the direction of sustainable agriculture, phosphate fertilizer can be reduced by up to 50%.
Razieh Khodsiyani; Mehrdad Jafarpour
Abstract
Objective: Beta-glucan is one of the components of the mushroom cell wall and the most therapeutically important polysaccharide in mushrooms. The aim of this research is to produce a specific vermicompost to improve the nutritional value and evaluate the beta-glucan content in blazai mushroom (A.subrufescens).
Methods: ...
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Objective: Beta-glucan is one of the components of the mushroom cell wall and the most therapeutically important polysaccharide in mushrooms. The aim of this research is to produce a specific vermicompost to improve the nutritional value and evaluate the beta-glucan content in blazai mushroom (A.subrufescens).
Methods: An experiment was conducted in form of a completely randomized design and in three replications at the mushroom research center of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) in 1399-1400. It investigated 18 combined substrates as treatments, including casing soil as control, compost and vermicompost, Echinacea vermicompost alone and in combination with casing soil with certain values of the hormone indol acetic acid. Based on the results, richer substrates including compost and vermicompost alone and in combination with casing soil led to the optimal growth of blazai mushrooms.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the highest amount of beta-glucan with the value of 72.86 mg/kg and the highest ash percentage was observed, namely the substrates with the origin of the Echinacea medicinal plant.
Conclusion: In general, for biomass production, it is better to use richer substrates, yet if the purpose of production of the essential material in the mushrooms, it is better to use substrates that are combined with Echinacea. The present research is the combination of casing soil 50 percent + compost or vermicompost 50 percent in the absorption of nutrients and the improvement of quantitative traits played a slightly better role.
Tahereh Rezapour Kavishahi; Mohamad hosein Ansari; Marefat Mostafavi rad
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of some phosphorus solubilizing bacteria strains on yield and agronomic traits in local bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Guilan, different phosphate fertilizer rates were tested during 2014 growing season. This research was carried out in experimental field of Agricultural and ...
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To evaluate the effects of some phosphorus solubilizing bacteria strains on yield and agronomic traits in local bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Guilan, different phosphate fertilizer rates were tested during 2014 growing season. This research was carried out in experimental field of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Guilan province as split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. The rates of phosphate fertilizer including zero, 40 and 80 kg P/ha (P2O5), and three strains of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) including 113, 168 and 173 and non inoculation as check were randomized in main plots and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that the interaction effects between phosphate fertilizer and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria was significant for 100 seed weight and seed protein content of bean. Application of 80 kg P/ha showed the lowest pod number per plant (9.8), seed number per pod (3.53), biological yield (3317 kg/ha), seed yield (1136 kg/ha) per unit area. Also, the greatest seed number per pod (4.12), harvest index (44 percent) and seed yield (1858 kg/ha) were obtained as affected by phosphorus solubilizing bacteria strain 168. The results showed that the strain 168 had the higher efficiency for seed yield enhancement in comparison with other strains of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Based on the results of this research, at the low levels of soils available phosphorus, the strains of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria can be recommended to enhance seed yield in local bean under Guilan and similar climatic and edaphic conditions.
Somaye Amraee Tabar; Ahmad Ershadi
Abstract
In this study, the drought tolerance threshold and relationships between some biochemical and physiological responses of two stone fruit rootstocks, Cadaman and GF677, have been investigated. For this purpose, a pot experiment has been carried out in a greenhouse using factorial trial based on a completely ...
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In this study, the drought tolerance threshold and relationships between some biochemical and physiological responses of two stone fruit rootstocks, Cadaman and GF677, have been investigated. For this purpose, a pot experiment has been carried out in a greenhouse using factorial trial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. One-year-old rooted cuttings of two rootstocks are exposed to drought stress (-0.1 (control), -0.6, -1.1, -1.6 MPa) by adding different amounts of polyethylene glycol-6000 to Hoagland nutrient solution. Significant increase in electrolyte leakage and decrease in leaf relative water content of Cadaman and GF677 rootstocks has occurred at -0.6 and -1.1 MPa, respectively. Concentration of photosynthetic pigments and quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM) are less affected by drought stress, decreasing significantly in Cadaman and GF677 rootstocks at -1.1 and -1.6 MPa, respectively. Under severe drought stress, photosynthesis, transpiration, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance in Cadaman rootstock decline more considerably, compared to GF677. Moreover, at drought stress of -1.6 MPa, GF677 does not significantly reduce its photosynthesis, despite a substantial decrease in transpiration; however, the relative decrease in photosynthesis of Cadaman at -1.6 MPa has been much greater than the relative decrease in its transpiration and intercellular CO2 concentration, which, in turn, results in a drop in water use efficiency and mesophilic conductance of Cadaman leaves, compared to GF677. It seems that considerable reduction in photosynthesis in Cadaman rootstock, along with stomatal limitations, is largely due to non-stomatal constraints such as loss of cell membrane intact and reduction of chlorophyll, carotenoids and chlorophyll fluorescence. Results show that GF677 rootstock has higher tolerance to severe drought stress, compared to cadaman.
Mohaddeseh Kiani; Mohammad reza Jahansouz; Ali Ahmadi
Abstract
Conventional tillage systems have harmful effects on soil structure. To evaluate the performance of different methods of tillage on yield and growth characteristics of some autumn chickpea an experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications as split plot arrangement at ...
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Conventional tillage systems have harmful effects on soil structure. To evaluate the performance of different methods of tillage on yield and growth characteristics of some autumn chickpea an experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications as split plot arrangement at the University of Tehran experimental farm in Karaj in 2012. In this study the effect of three conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage were investigated on three chickpea cultivars yield included Arman, Hashem and ILC-482. Coincides with the planting of seeds, superphosphate fertilizer was added to the soil at the rate of 150 kg.h-1. The results of this study showed that the highest emergence percentage was related to conventional tillage, but since the pea plant is indeterminate, increasing the yield component like seeds per pod, number of pods per plant and seed weight in Hashem and Arman cultivars, led to better performance in minimum tillage compared with conventional tillage and no-till. Hashem and Arman cultivars hade the highest yield in tillage systems compared to other treatments.
Mohsen Seilsepour
Abstract
This study is conducted to evaluate the concentration of nitrate and heavy metals in soil and edible organs of lettuce in Varamin plain farms for one year during 2017-2018. For this porouse, 30 lettuce fields in Varamin plain are selected and in the lettuce harvest season, soil and crop sampling are ...
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This study is conducted to evaluate the concentration of nitrate and heavy metals in soil and edible organs of lettuce in Varamin plain farms for one year during 2017-2018. For this porouse, 30 lettuce fields in Varamin plain are selected and in the lettuce harvest season, soil and crop sampling are performed and the average concentrations of nitrate and heavy metals in the soil and lettuce were compared statistically with the standard limits by one paired t-test. The average concentrations of nitrate, lead and cadmium in lettuce are 2756, 1.46, and 0.11 mg/kg in fresh weight, respectively, which are 1.8, 7.3, and 1.1 times greater than the standard limit, declared by the National Standards Organization of Iran, respectively. The mean concentrations of nitrate and total concentrations of lead, cadmium, and nickel in the soil of lettuce fields are 27, 42, 0.64, and 42.5 mg/kg, respectively, while the concentrations of nitrate and lead have been 35% and 180% higher than the allowable limits, respectively. Risk assessments for heavy metals and non-cancerous diseases are performed, using formulas provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 2006). In this regard, the risk index for non-cancerous diseases (HQ) is used. The risk factor for non-cancerous diseases for all contaminants is less than one, indicating that there is no risk for consumption. Accordingly, consuming 40 grams of lettuce per day does not pose a problem for an adult consumer. The bioaccumulation index for all the studied metals has been less than one. According to this study, the highest bioaccumulation factor belongs to the heavy metal cadmium, which indicates the tendency of lettuce to absorb and accumulate cadmium compared to other heavy metals. In order to reduce the concentration of nitrate and lead in the soil and prevent contamination of lettuce soils, it is recommended to avoid excessive use of fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus and fertilizer application should be based on soil test. According to the results of this study, there is no serious possibility of exposure to non-cancerous diseases caused by nitrate and heavy metals from eating lettuce, but monitoring the concentration of nitrate and heavy metals in soil and lettuce at different intervals is necessary.
Rouhollah Karimi; Ahmad Ershadi; Mahmoud Esna-Ashari; Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar
Abstract
Screening of native cultivars and understanding of the mechanisms involved in cold hardiness in grapevines is needed to match cultivars appropriately with growing sites and aid in breeding and selecting cultivars with improved freezing tolerance. In this study cold hardiness of fifteen grapevine (Vitis ...
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Screening of native cultivars and understanding of the mechanisms involved in cold hardiness in grapevines is needed to match cultivars appropriately with growing sites and aid in breeding and selecting cultivars with improved freezing tolerance. In this study cold hardiness of fifteen grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars were evaluated using tetrazolium stain test and post freezing budbreak assays during six months from acclimation till deacclimation stages. Moreover, seasonal changes pattern in soluble proteins, total phenol and Malondialdehyde (MDA) of buds were measured during this period. Significant differences (P≤0.01) were found among cold hardiness of cultivars in all stages. ‘Bidaneh Ghermez’ and ‘Khalili’ (LT50= -22 and -22.6 ºC in respectively) were the hardiest ‘Ruby’ and ‘Perlette’ (LT50= -16.1 and –16.9 ºC in respectively) were the least hardy cultivars in January. Soluble proteins and total phenol concentrations of buds increased during cold acclimation from November to January then decreased in March. The concentration of these compounds was higher in cold hardy such as ‘Bidaneh Ghermez’ and ‘Khalili’ cultivars than least hardy ones, indicating the positive relationship of these compounds with freezing tolerance. The measured MDA in onset and end of dormancy period was lower than its concentration in deep dormancy in January. Lower MDA concentration was found with cold hardy cultivars ‘Khalili’ and ‘Bidane Ghermez’ in comparison with cold sensitive cultivars, ‘Perlette’ and ‘Yaquti’. Our results indicated that high accumulation of soluble proteins and total phenol in cold hardy cultivars resulted in improved membrane stability and freezing tolerance.
Jaber Esazadeh Panjali Kharabasi; Mohammad Galavi; Mahmoud Ramroudi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and methanol foliar application on some quantitative and qualitative traits of soybean (cv. Viliamz), a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design at the Faculty of Moghan Research Farm in 2011. Treatments were three ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and methanol foliar application on some quantitative and qualitative traits of soybean (cv. Viliamz), a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design at the Faculty of Moghan Research Farm in 2011. Treatments were three levels of drought stress based on irrigation at depletion of 40, 55 and 70 percent of available soil moisture comprising the main-plot and four rates of methanol foliar application including non-methanol spraying (control), 7, 21 and 35 volumetric percentages as sub-plots that were applied with three replications. Drought stress significantly affected stem diameter, pod length, number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant, seed yield, HI, soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll content, oil and protein percentage of seed. Drought stress increased soluble carbohydrates and oil percentage of seed and decreased other traits, so that irrigation at depletion of 70 percent of available soil moisture decreased seed yield by 33.87 percent. Methanol foliar application significantly affected number of pod per plant, seed yield, chlorophyll content, pod length, number of seed per pods, soluble carbohydrates and seed protein content. The greatest effect of methanol foliar application on studied traits obtained from 21 percent by volume of methanol and increased seed yield by 25.6 percent in comparison with the control and the highest seed yield for irrigation after 40 percent depletion of available moisture was obtained.
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation withholding and foliar potassium application on some physiological traits (photosynthesis, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll) and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation withholding and foliar potassium application on some physiological traits (photosynthesis, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll) and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2011-2012 in two locations: Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Karaj and Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Yazd. The experimental factors were included drought stress (three levels of irrigation withholdings were irrigation withheld from ear emergence to physiological maturity, irrigation withheld from grain filling to physiological maturity, and normal irrigation) foliar potassium application (without potassium application, 1.5 and 3.0% K2SO4) and genotype (two wheat cultivars of ‘Marvdasht’, ‘Pishtaz’and aline‘WS-82-9’). Results showed that the studied characteristics were significantly reduced by increasing drought stress level. The highest harvest index was observed in ‘WS-82-9’ in Karaj under normal irrigation (32.69%) and the lowest harvest index was obtained from ‘Marvdasht’cultivarin Yazd, under severe stress (11.50%). Genotypes were different for cell membrane stability and the lowest rate was belonged to ‘Marvdasht’ (35.5%). Foliar application of 3.0% K2SO4 caused to significant differences in physiological characteristics, especially for leaf photosynthesis under severe drought stress condition: photosynthesis increased 99.1 and 69.7% in Yazd and Karaj, respectively. It can be concluded that cultivating of ‘WS-82-9’ and spraying of 3.0% K2SO4 were effective to moderate drought stress, especially when fields have limitations for irrigation water at the end of crop life cycle.
somayeh tabari; Mehdi Hadadinejad; reza norooz
Abstract
In order to determine the chilling and heat requirements of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivars, three thorny (Tupy, Marion, Silvan) and two thornless (Merton and Red immature) cultivars after the onset of dormancy and after exposing the chilling requirement were collected of the Blackberries collection ...
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In order to determine the chilling and heat requirements of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivars, three thorny (Tupy, Marion, Silvan) and two thornless (Merton and Red immature) cultivars after the onset of dormancy and after exposing the chilling requirement were collected of the Blackberries collection from Sari Agricultural Sciences University (SANRU) and evaluated in a greenhouse via RCBD at three replication at 2019. Then the chilling and heat requirement models were calculated. Results showed differences in chilling requirements of thorny and thornless blackberry cultivars in field conditions. The highest percentage of the first bud burst related to thorny cultivar Silvan after 500 hours chilling. Marion and Tupy, and Red immature burst in 700 hours of chilling but Merton thornless burst after 900 hours. Also, the minimum day number for 50% bud burst in all cultivars was obtained in 700 hours of chilling. It should be noted that only thorny cultivars have reached full bloom and therefore are the most suitable cultivars for the development in eastern of south of Caspian Sea region. Thornless cultivars did not reach full bloom even after receiving 900 hours of chilling. The heat requirement required for 50% of buds to bloom varied from 6324 GDH in thornless Merton cultivar to 1116 GDH in Tupy cultivar. Using complementary treatments like as Hydrogen cyanamide to improve bud burst can be helpful.
Mehrdad Rasouli; Alireza Noroozisharaf
Abstract
The use of compounds that can improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stress, including salinity, is important. To evaluate the adjustment of salinity stress using humic acid (HA), a factorial layout is conducted based on a complete randomized design with three replications on the Hypericum ...
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The use of compounds that can improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stress, including salinity, is important. To evaluate the adjustment of salinity stress using humic acid (HA), a factorial layout is conducted based on a complete randomized design with three replications on the Hypericum perforatum L. as an Iranian medicinal plant are collected from Hamadan province in the tissue culture laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University during 2019. Experimental treatments include NaCl as salinity at three levels (such as 0, 50, and 100 mmol.L-1) and HA at four levels (control, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L-1). Results indicate that the plants treated with 50 mg.L-1 HA without salinity have had the highest germination percentage (98.65), germination rate (38.94) and root length (34.21 mm). The highest plant height, fresh and dry weight of both shoots and roots and total chlorophyll are obtained under control conditions and HA with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1. On the contrary, the highest amount of phenol in the treatment is 50 mmol.L-1 salinity and HA with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1. In the treatment of 100 mmol.L-1 salinity and HA with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1, the highest amount of total antioxidants (99.77 mg/g FW) and total flavonoids (2.39 mg/Qe g FW) and the lowest amount of hydrogen peroxide (9.12 µg/g FW) are obtained. Results show that the mitigating effect, especially the application of HA of 50 mg.L-1 levels, can affect the physiological processes and morphological traits of the Hypericum perforatum L. under salinity stress.
Jahanfar Daneshian; farnaz shariati; NADIA SAFAVI FARD
Abstract
Objective: Selection of soybean cultivars that have a higher grain yield in water deficit conditions, reduces the damage to soybean producers.
Methods: The response of soybean genotypes to water deficit stress was investigated in terms of agricultural characteristics and grain yield in Karaj (Iran), ...
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Objective: Selection of soybean cultivars that have a higher grain yield in water deficit conditions, reduces the damage to soybean producers.
Methods: The response of soybean genotypes to water deficit stress was investigated in terms of agricultural characteristics and grain yield in Karaj (Iran), during two years. The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications. Therefore, three levels irrigation (irrigation after 50 (control), 100 (mild stress) and 150 mm (severe stress) evaporation from evaporation pan, Class A.) as a main plot and 10 soybean genotypes as a sub-plot.
Results: The results showed that mild and severe stress caused to decreased node number and inter-node compared to control irrigation. In control irrigation, the highest grain yield obtained from Saba (the early cultivar) 2585 kg/ha, with the highest seed number m2. Early genotypes had the highest grain yield in control irrigation, and their grain yield decreased significantly with increasing stress intensity. So that the grain yield of Saba cultivar was reduced in mild and severe stress, 32 and 59%, respectively, compared to control irrigation. In stress conditions, the late genotypes had the highest grain yield and water deficit stress caused to a slight decrease in their grain yield. In mild and severe stress, Williams×A3935 (the late line( had the highest grain yield and protein yield, respectively.
Conclusion: In control irrigation, the Saba cultivar and in stress conditions (mild and severe) Williams×A3935 line is recommended in karaj and similar climates (moderately cold region).
Mohsen Seilsepour; Ahmad Golchin; Mohammad Reza Rouzban
Abstract
A greengouse experiment was conducted to evaluation of salinity stress on growth parameters of two olive cultivars during 2013-2014 at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Tehran. In the experiment, effects of five levels of irrigation water salinity including 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 dS.m-1 ...
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A greengouse experiment was conducted to evaluation of salinity stress on growth parameters of two olive cultivars during 2013-2014 at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Tehran. In the experiment, effects of five levels of irrigation water salinity including 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 dS.m-1 were evaluated on ʻZardʼ and ʻMissionʼ olive cultivars under soilless culture. Data showed that salinity had significant effects on all growth parameters in both olive cultivars. Leaf dry weight, shoot and root dry weight, leaf chlorophyll index, shoot and root tolerance index, shoot and internodes length, leaf area, leaf number and leaf relative water content were affected by salinity and significantly decreased. These reductions were more in ʻZardʼ comparing to ʻMissionʼ. Shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight and root dry weight were decreased 80, 80 and 69 percent, respectively at 16 dS.m-1 salinity treatments with compare to control. Leaf sodium (Na+) concentration and rate of sodium to potassium (K+) in leaf were increased and leaf potassium concentration was decreased by salinity. Increase of Na+ and decrease of K+ were more in ʻZardʼ comparing to ʻMissionʼ. Also, leaf and shoot dry weight were affected by concentration of Na+, K+ and Na+: K+ in leaf and there were a significant correlation among these parameters with leaf and shoot dry weight. Results indicated that ʻMissionʼ variety were more salt tolerance than ʻZardʼ.
Abolfazl Faraji
Abstract
To study the effects of used water in evapotranspiration, seed number per unit area and leaf relative water content on seed weight of canola (Brassica napus L.), an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design, arranged in a split-plot under two conditions, i.e. supplemental irrigation ...
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To study the effects of used water in evapotranspiration, seed number per unit area and leaf relative water content on seed weight of canola (Brassica napus L.), an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design, arranged in a split-plot under two conditions, i.e. supplemental irrigation and rainfed in 2005-7. Two cultivars of canola (‘Hyola401’ and ‘RGS003’) as subplots were grown at five sowing dates as main plots, spaced 30 days apart. There was a linear relationship between seed weight and used water in evapotranspiration. Irrigation increased seed weight and seed yield significantly. The mean 1000- seed weight under irrigation and rainfed conditions was 3.2 and 2.7g in 2005-6, and 4.2 and 3.7g in 2006-7. There was a strong linear relationship between seed weight and leaf relative water content, explaining 92 and 84 percent of the variation for ‘Hyola401’ and ‘RGS003’, respectively. For an each percent increase in leaf relative water content, 1000-seed weight of ‘Hyola401’ and ‘RGS003’ increased 0.191 and 0.146g, respectively. The strong relationships of seed weight with used water in evapotranspiration and leaf relative water content, over different environmental conditions and cultivars, showed these variables to be generally applicable in canola seed weight determination