Nooshin Derakhshan; Hossein Alaei; Rohollah Saberi Riseh; Ebrahim Sedaghati; Asghar Rahimi
Abstract
Salinity can prevent the uptake of soil mineral ions due to the negative effect of sodium ions and disturbance of ion balance, but the use of Trichoderma biocompounds improves growth under salinity stress. To investigate the effect of four salinity-resistant Trichoderma strains on growth traits and mineral ...
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Salinity can prevent the uptake of soil mineral ions due to the negative effect of sodium ions and disturbance of ion balance, but the use of Trichoderma biocompounds improves growth under salinity stress. To investigate the effect of four salinity-resistant Trichoderma strains on growth traits and mineral element uptake of eggplant seedlings under stress conditions, an experiment has been performed in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications in the greenhouse of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan during 2016-2017. The first factor is salinity in four levels including the control and concentrations of 8, 12, and 16 dS/m and the second factor is Trichoderma as T. aureoviride (T148-2, T189-4) and T. virens (T145, T133-1) as well as the control. The results show that under the influence of salinity, a significant decrease in growth traits takes place. At the highest salinity level, the average dry weight of roots and shoots is 50% and 72%, respectively. For stem diameter and seedling height, a 20% decrease is observed compared to the control. However, inoculation with Trichoderma improves these traits, resulting in a 1.6-fold increase in root dry weight (T142-8), a 2.7-fold increase in shoot dry weight (T133-1), and a 1.3-fold increase in seedling height (T189-4) in comparison to the control. The highest diameter increase could be observed in T142-8 strain by 38%. Using Trichoderma leads to significant changes in sugar, sodium, potassium, and calcium content. The results of this study show that Trichoderma can be a suitable biological agent to increase tolerance at high levels of salinity stress and improve the growth traits of eggplant seedlings.
Masome shenavaei zare; Mohammad Armin; Hamid Marvi
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of stress modulators as a useful and low-cost solution to reduce the effects of environmental stress has been considered by researchers. In order to investigate the effects of stress modulator’s foliar application in different planting dates on yield and yield components of cotton, ...
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Nowadays, the use of stress modulators as a useful and low-cost solution to reduce the effects of environmental stress has been considered by researchers. In order to investigate the effects of stress modulator’s foliar application in different planting dates on yield and yield components of cotton, an experiment has been conducted as split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar Islamic Azad University in 2017 and 2018. Factors include planting date (early and late) as the main plot and type of stress modulator (control, salicylic acid (SA) 2 and 4 mM, glycine betaine (GB) 50 and 100 mM and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 100 and 200 μM) as the sub-plots. Foliar application of 2 mM SA in the first year and 4mM SA in the second year produce the highest number of bolls per plant (10.1 and 7.58, respectively). In contrast, 4 mM SA spraying in early planting date increases seed cotton yield (45.6%), but in late planting date, seed cotton yield does not respond to the stress modulator application. In the first year, 100 μM SNP foliar application has the highest lint yield in both early and late planting dates, but in the second year, 2 mM SA foliar application produce higher lint yields. Overall, the results of this experiment show that the highest yield of cotton in saline conditions are obtained in sowing at the appropriate date and foliar application of 4 mM salicylic acid.
Faezeh Heidari; Jalal Jalilian; esmaeil gholinezhad
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application different nano-fertilizers on modulating negativeeffectsof salt stress on quinoa, in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application different nano-fertilizers on modulating negativeeffectsof salt stress on quinoa, in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during 2018. The first factor was salinity of irrigation water using (Lake Urmia water at three levels: 0, 16 and 32 dS/m and the second factor was nano-fertilizers at five levels: calcium, silicon, zinc, potassium and control (no foliar application). The results showed that salinity stress caused negative effects on all traits affecting quinoa growth. The highest decrease in traits was observed in salinity stress of 32 dS/m. Salinity stress of 32 and 16 dS/m compared to control decreased plant height (20 and 17%), inflorescence number (48 and 36%), root volume (44 and 40%), main root length (41 and 23%), root dry weight (68 and 30%), relative leaf water content (26 and 13%), chlorophyll index (15 and 7%) and 1000-seed weight (31 and 23%), respectively; but increased ionic leakage by 14 and 6%, respectively. Foliar application with nano-fertilizer compared to control increased the yield, yield components and morphological traits. The highest seed yield was obtained under optimum conditions and severe salinity stress (32 dS/m) by foliar application with nano-fertilizer of zinc and silicon, respectively. Under severe salinity stress, foliar application with nano-fertilizer of silicon compared to non-foliar application increased the dry weight of inflorescences, total dry weight and seed yield by 35%, 16% and 43%, respectively, and moderated the effects of salinity stress. Foliar application with nano-fertilizer via enhancing chlorophyll index, relative leaf water content and improving root characteristics, led to increase yield and seed yield components of quinoa. Therefore, it seems that foliar application of nano-fertilizers is suitable to improve the yield of quinoa especially in salinity stress conditions.
Ali Momenpour; Davod Bakhshi; Ali Imani
Abstract
The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on almond biochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on biochemical reactions of almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with 2 factors; cultivar in 4 levels including Shahrood 12, Touno, 1- 16 budded ...
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The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on almond biochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on biochemical reactions of almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with 2 factors; cultivar in 4 levels including Shahrood 12, Touno, 1- 16 budded on GF677 rootstock and GF677 and water salinity in five levels including 0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 g/l of sodium chloride salt (that electrical conductivity equal to 0.5, 2.5, 4.9, 7.3 and 9.8 ds/m, respectively). The result showed that in the total genotypes studied, with increasing salinity concentration to treatment 4.8 gr/lit, were increased content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, others aldehyde. Also, content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, soluble carbohydrate, prolin, total soluble proteins, enzymes activity of catalase, ghayacol peroxidase and ascorbat peroxidase in the total genotypes studied, in begging, with increasing salinity concentration, were increased but with more increasing salinity concentration, those contents were reduced. Overall, the highest content of total soluble proteins, enzymes activity of catalase, ghayacol peroxidase and ascorbat peroxidase in level of salinity 3.6 gr/lit and the highest content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, soluble carbohydrate and prolin in level of salinity 4.8 gr/lit and lowest content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, others aldehyde and total non-soluble carbohydrate in levels of salinity 3.6 and 4.8 gr/lit were observed in ‘Shahrood 12’ cultivar. Overall, of between total genotypes studied, Shahrood 12’ was recognized as the most tolerant cultivar to salinity stress.
Mohammad Reza Zarea Bavany; Gholamali Peyvast; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Akbar Forghani
Abstract
Salinity is the main limiting environmental factor on plant growth and production. Therefore, finding salinity tolerant cultivars result to increase crop yield and production. However, a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in hydroponic ...
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Salinity is the main limiting environmental factor on plant growth and production. Therefore, finding salinity tolerant cultivars result to increase crop yield and production. However, a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in hydroponic culture. Two salinity levels (0 and 100mM NaCl) were considered the first factor and 26 greenhouse pepper cultivars was the second. Results showed a significant difference for all studied characteristics. Salt stress decreased all characteristics except to total dry matter percent and sodium concentration. The increase in sodium content accompanied with the decrease in potassium, calcium content and growth indices. Results showed a significant negative correlation between sodium with vegetative indices, potassium to sodium ratio, calcium to sodium ratio in all cultivars. Overall, ‘Paramo’, ‘Efests’ and ‘SPADI’ were known as the most tolerant pepper cultivars. According to finding of this study, the characteristics such as shoot sodium content and stress tolerance index can be used for screening salinity tolerance in pepper cultivars.
Ali Momenpour; Davood Bakhshi; Ali Imani; Hamed Rezaie
Abstract
The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on growth characteristics and concentration of nutrition elements of almond leaves and roots. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on vegetative traits and concentration of nutrition elements of leaves and roots almond genotypes, ...
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The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on growth characteristics and concentration of nutrition elements of almond leaves and roots. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on vegetative traits and concentration of nutrition elements of leaves and roots almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with two factors; cultivar in four levels including ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Touno’, ‘1-16’ budded on GF677 rootstock and GF677 and water salinity in five levels including zero, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 g/l of sodium chloride salt (with the electrical conductivity of 0.5, 2.5, 4.9, 7.3 and 9.8 ds/m, respectively). The result showed that with increasing salinity concentration, branch height, branch diameter, and number of produced leaves and percentage of green leaves have been reduced but percentage of necrotic leaves and percentage of downfall leave were increased. The result showed that in the total genotypes studied, the highest rate of Na+ (2.12%), Cl- (4.94%), ratio Na+/K+ (2.03%), ratio Na+/Ca++ (1.92%), ratio Na+/Mg++ (6.81%), ratio Na+/P (14.07%), and the lowest rate of Ca++ (1.06%), Mg++ (0.33%), P (0.146%), Zn++ (32.7 ppm), Cu++ (9.33 ppm), in leaves was observed in treatment 9.8 ds/m of NaCl. The result showed that type of scion was affected in obstruction of Na+ absorption by the roots and their transported to leaves. In the total level of salinity studied, ‘Shahrood 12’ was the lowest rate of Na+, Cl-, ratio Na+/K+, ratio Na+/Ca++, ratio Na+/Mg++, ratio Na+/P and the highest ratio Cl-/ Na+. Also, this cultivar can tolerate high level of salinity (7.3 ds/m), by increasing content of K+ (1.65%),Cu++ (9.62 ppm), Fe++ (22.30 ppm), Zn++ (50.45 ppm) more than other genotypes studied in this research, to deal with the devastating effects of Na+. Overall, ‘Shahrood 12’ was recognized as the most tolerant cultivar to salinity stress.
Mahsa Zarei; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; Ali Tadayyon
Abstract
In order to evaluate the yield components and oil percent of hemp plant under different biological fertilizer and saline water and soil, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications in the North East of Esfahan in 2012. The experimental ...
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In order to evaluate the yield components and oil percent of hemp plant under different biological fertilizer and saline water and soil, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications in the North East of Esfahan in 2012. The experimental treatments include, three hemp ecotypes of Esfahan, Shiraz and Mashاad as the first factor and fertilizer treatments of urea, nitroxin, super nitro-plus, bio-sulfur, mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae) and control (without fertilizer) as the second factor, subjected to saline soil irrigation water. The traits of seed numbers per plant, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and percent of seed oil were measured. The results showed the maximum grain yield and harvest index were belong to mycorrhizae treatment and the minimum was belong to control. Besides, mycorrhizae showed maximum biological yield and other treatments had not significantly effect. 1000 seeds weight was affected significantly under different fertilizer treatments, but the ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz showed maximum (13.33 gr.) and ecotype of Esfahan produced minimum (7.8 gr.) 1000 seeds grain. Each 4 fertilizer treatments caused significant promotion of oil percent (29.2%) compare to control (26.5%), but did not observed any significant effect between fertilizer treatments. Ecotype of Esfahan under bio-sulfur and mycorrhizae treatments with average of 800 seeds per plant had maximum and ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz had minimum of 76 seeds per plant.
Davud Afyuni; Ali Reza Marjovvi
Volume 11, Issue 2 , November 2009, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
In order to evaluate salinity tolerance of six bread wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted during 2000-02 crop seasons in Roudasht Salinity Research Station, Esfahan. Effects of three levels of irrigation water salinities (four, eight and 12 dS m-1) were studied on six bread wheat cultivars including ...
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In order to evaluate salinity tolerance of six bread wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted during 2000-02 crop seasons in Roudasht Salinity Research Station, Esfahan. Effects of three levels of irrigation water salinities (four, eight and 12 dS m-1) were studied on six bread wheat cultivars including Pishtaz, Shiraz, Mahdavi, Marvdasht, Kavir and Roshan. Increase in salinity level of irrigation water caused significant decrease in grain yield, number of spikes per m2, days to physiological maturity, plant height and grain filling period. Among the varieties, Roshan and Shiraz had the minimum reduction percentage in grain yield in 12 dS m-1 compared to 4 dS m-1. In 12 dS m-1, Roshan and Shiraz produced 3987 and 3607 kg ha-1 grain yield, respectively and had the highest grain yield values among the varieties. Roshan also had the highest amounts of MP, GMP and STI (4257, 4248 and 1.20, respectively) and the lowest amounts of Tol and SSI (539 and 0.66, respectively), thus was the most tolerant cultivar to salinity among the studied cultivars. Based on the tolerance and susceptibility indices, Marvdasht was the most susceptible cultivar to salinity.