Raheleh Ghale Ghafi; Hossein HajiAbaee; Fathieh Nabhani; Salvia Mohammadpour; Zahra Ardanji Kalate Siyahdasht
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on maize under different fertilization conditions as greenhouse research in the Jalin region of Gorgan in 2018 during two separate experiments. The aim of the ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on maize under different fertilization conditions as greenhouse research in the Jalin region of Gorgan in 2018 during two separate experiments. The aim of the first experiment was to compare the conventional soil incubation with seed-coating incubation, and the second experiment was to assess the growth of maize incubated with mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria through seed-coating at three treatment levels of Hoagland nutrient solution (Control, 80 and 100 volumetric percentage of Hoagland solution). In both experiments, at 70 days after seed-coating, one gram of maize roots and soil attached to it were sampled and DNA was extracted from the maize rhizosphere. In the first experiment, there was no significant difference between the conventional soil incubation and seed-coating incubation according to the dry weight of stems and roots, roots’ longitudinal colonization percentage, arboscol abundance, vesicles abundance, and elements concentration. In the second experiment and under full fertilizing conditions, mycorrhizal incubation showed a significant increase in concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc (18.1, 3.5, 56, and 46.0 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (12.6, 3.1, 39.6, and 24.4 mg/kg, respectively), and the bacterial incubation showed a significant increase for magnesium, zinc, and manganese (2.0, 42.6, and 145 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (1.0, 24.4, and 60 mg/kg, respectively).
Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou; Ahmad Golchin; Khadije Farhadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse ...
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In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse of Zanjan University. The test factors consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l), three levels of Molybdenum (0.067, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/l) and, three levels of Cobalt (0.006, 0.06, and 0.3 mg/l). Factor levels were prepared by adding ammonium nitrate, ammonium molybdate, and cobalt chloride to a stock solution. Results of morphological traits showed that the highest pod dry weight was obtained in N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment which had a maximum difference of 47.9% with other treatments. The highest dry weight of shoots was obtained from N150Mo0.6Co0.006 treatment and the highest root dry weight was obtained from N150Mo0.6 and N150Co0.3 treatments. Also, the highest number of pods was obtained in N150Mo0.6, N100Co0.3 and Mo0.6Co0.3 treatments with values of 235.2, 266.4, and 220.8 g/pot, respectively. Investigation of physiological traits showed that the highest concentrations of Nitrogen, Molybdenum, and Cobalt were obtained from N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N150Mo0.6Co0.3, and N150Mo0.067Co0.006 treatments, respectively. Overall, it can be stated that the application of N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment can positively affect the dry weight of pods, which are economically productive and improve the performance of P. vulgaris (Talash cultivar).
majid moslemi; hamidreza mobasser; nematollah sedaghat; eiman eshghi
Abstract
Optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels & stress during two years on morphological characteristics & agronomic traits of rice, an experiment was conducted ...
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Optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels & stress during two years on morphological characteristics & agronomic traits of rice, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009 & 2010 in a research farm located in Amol. Nitrogen levels at three levels (46, 69, 92 kg N / ha from urea source) as the main factor & sub-factor including four levels of stress or lack of nitrogen consumption (T1 = stress at full clustering stage, T2 = stress at stage the emergence of the initial cluster was T3 = stress at tillering stage and T4 = stress at transplanting stage). The results showed that number of full panicles per panicle, 1000-seed weight, Grain yield and harvest index in 2009 it was more than in 2010. Grain yield in the first year (450.25 g / m2) was higher than the second year (395.1 g / m2). Maximum harvest index was obtained in 2009 with nitrogen stress at full clustering stage. Therefore, the application of 69 kg of nitrogen in installments per hectare can be suggested to produce the highest grain yield.
Roya Mousavi; Vida Chalavi; Kamran Ghasemi; Mehdi Hadadinejad
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of blackberry, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, ...
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To investigate the effect of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of blackberry, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40) and the second factor was the level of inoculation and non-inoculation with nitroxin (Ni). The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the studied traits. The highest fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield was observed in 20% vermicompost. Maximum fruit length (1.62 cm) obtained in 10% vermicompost and nitroxin inoculation. The highest fruit diameter was obtained in 30% vermicompost. Also, in biochemical parameters, the application of 10% vermicompost produced the most soluble solids and flavor index. The highest amount of anthocyanin at 551 and 563 (mg/L fruit juice) was obtained respectably in 20 and 30% vermicompost treatments. Application of nitroxin along with vermicompost yielded 30% of the most vitamin C. In general, the results showed that the application of vermicompost at levels of 20 to 30% has the best effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of blackberry and nitroxin can reduce the negative effect of high vermicompost and increase the effect of vermicompost on the blackberry plant.
Babak Sepehri; Hami dreza tohidi Moghadam; Farshad Ghooshchi; Meysam Oveysi; Pourang Kasraie
Abstract
Periwinkle herb with the scientific name (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world which in addition to haring leaves beautiful flowers and decorative application, it also has different applications in pharmaceutical industries cosmetics and hygienic. This plant, ...
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Periwinkle herb with the scientific name (Catharanthus roseus) is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world which in addition to haring leaves beautiful flowers and decorative application, it also has different applications in pharmaceutical industries cosmetics and hygienic. This plant, in its young leaves has very important alkaloids which called vinblastine and vincristine which has in chemotherapy of different type of cancers (leukemia, breast and lymph nodes) and its roots contain ajmalicine alkaloids that is used in treatment of hypotension. This research was for investigation of the effect of growth regulator and spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles under the conditions of drought stresses on total alkaloids, anthocyanin, total chlorophyll, the weight of wet and dry branches contain alkaloids, and the number of lateral branches periwinkle herb (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.DON) arranged as a factorial pot experiment based on a completely randomized design which took place in greenhouse condition during years 2020 and 2021 in Tehran, Iran. In the study of the effects of drought stress and spraying of zinc and magnesium nanoparticles on all investigated traits (total alkaloid, anthocyanin, total chlorophyll, fresh and dry weight of alkaloid-containing branches, and the number of lateral branches), there was a statistically significant difference in A level of 1% was observed (P≤0.01). But in the interactions effects of drought stresses and growth regulator showed the highest effect on wet branches contain alkaloids (P≤0.01).
zahra ajribzadeh; salim farzaneh; Mahmoud Shomili; Hamid Reza Balouchi; aziz Ker Mullah Chaab; Raouf Seyed Sharifi
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of four types of binders at different levels: carboxymethylcellulose (40, 60 and 80 g/l), arabic gum (50, 100 and 150 g/l), tragacanth (30, 60 and 90 g/l) and starch (45, 60 and 75 g/l) as the first test and four types of nutrients with different levels: ...
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This study was performed to investigate the effect of four types of binders at different levels: carboxymethylcellulose (40, 60 and 80 g/l), arabic gum (50, 100 and 150 g/l), tragacanth (30, 60 and 90 g/l) and starch (45, 60 and 75 g/l) as the first test and four types of nutrients with different levels: humic acid (6, 9 and 12 g/l), filter cake ( 5, 10 and 15 g/kg), superabsorbent (10, 30 and 45 g/kg) and microcombi fertilizer (10, 20 and 30 g/kg) as the second experiment with control in a completely randomized design with 3 replications In 2020, in Khuzestan-Iran sugarcane research station. The results showed that the effect of four types of binder on sugarcane plant characteristics such as germination rate, stem length, stem dry weight and plant moisture content was significant and the most positive effect was observed in starch gum (60 g/l). Also, four nutrients had a significant effect on some characteristics such as germination rate, stem length, stem dry weight and plant moisture content. The most positive effect for characteristics was observed in humic acid (12 g/l). Due to the most positive effect of starch gum, in later studies, this glue can be used as a binder, along with other nutrients and fillers for planting lateral buds of sugarcane stems to produce artificial single-seeded sugarcane seeds.
Ali Hadi Almamouri; Mohsen Ebrahimi; Khalil ZeinaliNejad
Abstract
Objective: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the first grain in the world in terms of its importance and amount of production. The aim of this research is to find the genetic diversity among the spring wheat genotypes.
Methods: In this study, the genetic diversity of 32 spring wheat genotypes cultivated ...
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Objective: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the first grain in the world in terms of its importance and amount of production. The aim of this research is to find the genetic diversity among the spring wheat genotypes.
Methods: In this study, the genetic diversity of 32 spring wheat genotypes cultivated in the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in the crop year of 1401-1400 was investigated by measuring 12 kernel and flour quality traits.
Results: The results of analysis of principal components illustrated that the first five components explained a total of 89.05 percent of the variation among traits. The cluster analysis divided the studied genotypes into four groups. Based on the obtained results, the cultivars in the first group, all of which were Iranian, had the highest values of grain gluten, flour gluten and flour protein. The second group, which included the genotypes of Iraq, had the highest values in terms of grain moisture and index, and the lowest values in terms of flour protein, falling number, and hectoliter.
Conclusion: The studied spring wheat cultivars showed high genetic diversity in terms of traits. Therefore, suitable parents can be selected based on the desired trait, for crossing between cultivars in future breeding programs.
zahra mohammadzadeh; Raouf Seyed sharif; Salim Farzaneh
Abstract
Objective: Study the effects of Azosperlium and nanoparticles (silicon and zinc) on grain yield and some traits of Triticale under salinity stress, an experimental factorial was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research greenhouse of the University ...
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Objective: Study the effects of Azosperlium and nanoparticles (silicon and zinc) on grain yield and some traits of Triticale under salinity stress, an experimental factorial was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research greenhouse of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2022.
Methods: The experimental factors were included salinity levels (no salinity as control, salinity of 60 and 120 mM) by NaCl, application of Azosperlium (no inoculation as control and seed inoculation with Azosperlium), nanoparticles foliar application (foliar application with water as control, foliar spraying 0.8 g.L-1 nano zinc oxide, 50 mg.L-1 nanosilicon, combined foliar application nanozinc oxide as 0.4 g.L-1 and nano silicon as 25 g.L-1).Results:The application of azospirlium and nanoparticles in 120mM salinity increased proline content (37.46percent), hydrogen peroxide (41.66 percent), malondialdehyde (37.57percent) and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes (53.86 and 47percent, respectively) in no of salinity and no application of azospirlium and nanoparticles. Application of azospirlium and nanoparticles increased the content of soluble sugar (18.68 percent) and catalase enzyme activity (28percent) in no application of azospirlium and no foliar spraying.No application of azospirlium and nanoparticles under 120 mM salinity increased dry matter remobilization from aerial organs (54.25percent) and the contribution of dry matter remobilization from aerial organs (126.14percent) in the application of azospirlium and nanoparticles under no salinity condition.
Conclusion:It seems that the application of Azosperlium and nanoparticle foliar application can increase grain yield of triticale under salinity stress due to improved biochemical traits.
Behnam Tahmasebpour; Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh; Ali Reza Tarinejad; Hamid Mohammadi; Ali Ebadi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between traits and use these relationships to select high-yielding cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions at flowering stage.
Methods: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between yield ...
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between traits and use these relationships to select high-yielding cultivars under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions at flowering stage.
Methods: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between yield traits and their components with root traits. Accordingly, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized experimental design with three replications. Thirty wheat genotypes were determined as secondary factors subjected to normal irrigation conditions and under moisture stress at the beginning of flowering in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan in 2015-2016.
Results: Specifically, under normal irrigation conditions in the greenhouse, the desirable criteria for increasing grain yield is a primary emphasis on root dry weight, followed by an emphasis on root volume as a secondary factor. Conversely, under moisture-stress conditions, root traits, grain number per spike, total grain yield, root dry weight, root volume, and root number play a more critical role in increasing both the 1000-grain weight and manifest as the predominant and influential factors.
Conclusion: According to results, several parameters can be determined as appropriate indices to select high-yielding genotypes such as the number of days to 50% flowering, shoot growth rate, malondialdehyde content, flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight, chlorophyll a content, carotenoid levels, peduncle length, dry root weight, root volume, and root number.
Narges Salehi; Seyed Keyvan Marashi
Abstract
Objective: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers leads to problems regarding health of humans and other creatures. In this framework, this experiment was designed.
Methods: The experiment was based on factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The investigated ...
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Objective: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers leads to problems regarding health of humans and other creatures. In this framework, this experiment was designed.
Methods: The experiment was based on factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The investigated factors included no foliar application of amino acid, 1, 2 and 3 kg/ha and urea fertilizer consumption in 3 levels as 100, 66 and 33% compared to the regional customs.
Results: The results showed that the maximum plant height, leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll index and grain yield was under 100% urea fertilizer application and 3 kg/ha of amino acid and the minimum belonged 33% of urea and no foliar application of amino acid and the differences between them was significant. The maximum total dry matter and grain yield were observed under simultaneous application of 100% urea and 3 kg/ha amino acid, and the minimum was obtained under no foliar application of amino acid and 33% urea, which did not have a significant difference with 66% urea and the application of 3 kg/ha amino acid. Increasing grain yield, under 100% urea and 3 kg/ha amino acid compared to no foliar application of amino acid and 100% urea fertilizer (control) was equal to 76.8%.
Conclusion: In general, with the application of 66% urea fertilizer along with 3 kg/ha of amino acids, in addition to saving consumption of chemical fertilizers, it is possible to achieve a good yield in wheat.
mona arefkhani; Ali Rahemi Karizaki; َAbbas Biabani; hossein sabouri; ghorbanali rassam
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important strategic crops in Iran, which cultivated 56% of the total crop areas (5437804 hectares) . In order to study the trend of yield changes and related traits in wheat cultivars during 1968 to 2016 years, an experiment was conducted with 20 wheat cultivars ...
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important strategic crops in Iran, which cultivated 56% of the total crop areas (5437804 hectares) . In order to study the trend of yield changes and related traits in wheat cultivars during 1968 to 2016 years, an experiment was conducted with 20 wheat cultivars in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at Shirvan Higher Education Complex, Iran, during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. The findings indicated that the cultivars released in Iran do not have significant differences in terms of the number of seeds per spike, plant height, spike length, biological yield and gluten percentage, but grain yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and protein percentage have a positive increasing slope, and they have improved by 61.84, 63.54, 62.37 and 14.4%, respectively, during the last 48 years. Wheat breeding has progressed towards becoming single spike in Iran. Path analysis showed that the plant height, biological yield, number of fertile tillers/m2 and harvest index explain more than 96% of yield changes. Traits such as harvest index and number of fertile tillers as the most important traits are effective in increasing and decreasing grain yield in Iranian wheat’s, respectively.
Keywords: Grain yield, Harvest index, Plant height, Protein, Wheat.
Bohloul Abbaszadeh; Masoumeh Layeghhaghighi; Samaneh Asadi Sanam; Meysam Ansari
Abstract
Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and the distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors. In order to investigate effect of super adsorbent, drought stress and chemical fertilizers on Pippermint traits, ...
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Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and the distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors. In order to investigate effect of super adsorbent, drought stress and chemical fertilizers on Pippermint traits, this experiment was conducted in 2017 in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The experiment was conducted in split factor in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was water adsoroption in two levels (use and no use) and the sub factors were drought stress in three levels (including 90%FC, 60%FC and 30%FC) and chemical fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphour) in four levels (N0P0, N0P150, N300P0 and N300P150 kg/ha). Mean comparison of intraction water adsoroption, drought stress and chemical fertilizers indicated that the highest leaf yield was achieved in the use of water adsorption*90%FC*N300P0. (2598kg/ha) Use of water adsorption*90%FC*N0P150 had the highest inflorcence yield (500kg/ha). Mean comparison of intraction water adsoroption, drought stress and chemical fertilizers indicated that the highest leaf essential oil percentage (2.9 %) was achieved in the not use of water adsorption*30%FC*N300P150. Use of water adsorption*90%FC*N0P150 had the highest leaf essential oil yield. Mean comparison of intraction water adsoroption, drought stress and chemical fertilizers indicated that the highest inflorcence essential oil percentage and yield with 10.2 % and 30.3 kg/ha, respectively, were achieved in the not use of water adsorption*90%FC*N300P0. Results indicated that mint is sencitive to water deficiet stress and sufficient humidity is necessary for its production.
Ehsan Hasanvand; Mostafa Darvishnia; Hosein Mirzaei najafgholi; Samira Pakbaz
Abstract
Objective: Every year, wheat is affected by various fungal diseases, including Fusarium blight. grains inoculation with native PGPR is a suitable approach in health management, improving productions and their quality. Methods: To evaluate bioinhibition ability and activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase ...
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Objective: Every year, wheat is affected by various fungal diseases, including Fusarium blight. grains inoculation with native PGPR is a suitable approach in health management, improving productions and their quality. Methods: To evaluate bioinhibition ability and activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and catalase by endophytic bacteria in resistant and sensitive genotypes of wheat infected with FHB, a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design was done in spring, 2022 at Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University. The experimental treatments include four strains of Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Pseudomonas sp., Exiguobacterium sp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and their mixture. Results: The results showed among four isolates the highest percentage of inhibiting growth of fungi was related to P. brassicacearum isolate with a value of 49.33%. The activity of antioxidant enzymes both in the infected resistant and susceptible cultivar at different times after inoculation with fungus increased significantly compared to control. The mixed treatment of bacteria+ resistant cultivar+ infected showed the highest average activity of catalase with an average of 12.41 and treatment B3+ sensitive cultivar+ control with an average of 3.59 showed the lowest average catalase activity. Also, the mixed treatment of bacteria+ resistant cultivar+ infected showed the highest average of 1.93 and the B3+ sensitive cultivar+ control treatment showed the lowest average of peroxidase enzyme activity with an average of 0.58. Conclusion: Considering the high efficiency of the bacterial strains used in increasing the activity antioxidant enzymes and their antifungal activity can considered as a suitable option in production of healthy plants.
Behnam Tahmasebpour; Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh; Ali Reza Tarinejad; Hamid Mohammadi; ali ebadi
Abstract
For identification of correlations and relationships among different traits in bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in in the completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University with three replications during ...
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For identification of correlations and relationships among different traits in bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in in the completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University with three replications during the 2016-2017 crop season, under conditions of normal irrigation, and moisture stress of flowering stage (as main factors). Analysis of grain yield correlation coefficients under normal conditions indicated that the number of kernels per spike, 1000 seed weight, and in stress condition, the number of kernels per spike, with the most direct positive effect are the important and effective traits in grain yield. Based on the results of the analysis of the grain yield correlation coefficients under stress condition, number of kernels per spike, grain filling rate, grain filling period, straw yield, and under normal conditions, the number of kernels per spike, 1000 seed weight, flag leaf area, Spike density and spike length, are considered as the traits affecting grain yield. According to the canonical correlation analysis, there was a significant correlation between the two canonical variables resulting from Spikelet traits with grain yield per plant and spike density at both normal and drought conditions. As a selection criterion in a greenhouse, the number of seeds per spikelet can be an appropriate criterion under normal irrigation conditions to increase grain yield per plant, while under drought stress of flowering to increase spike density, the number and weight of seeds per spikelet can serve as an appropriate criterion.
Mona Massoudi; Massoud Goodarzi; Abolfazl Moini; Baharak MotamedVaziri
Abstract
The drought is one of the climatological phenomena which affects vast majority of Iran including Fars Province in terms of metrological, hydrological, agricultural and socio-economical aspects. In order to monitor the drought, temperature, precipitation and evaporation data of 113 meteorological stations ...
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The drought is one of the climatological phenomena which affects vast majority of Iran including Fars Province in terms of metrological, hydrological, agricultural and socio-economical aspects. In order to monitor the drought, temperature, precipitation and evaporation data of 113 meteorological stations during the statistical period (1966-2016) were used. After collecting the data using run test, double mass and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, the results of randomness, homogeneity and normality of the data showed that annual rainfall data of most selected stations are normal, homogeneous and random. Drought was then monitored using 9 drought indicators including SPEI, SIAP, DI, SPI, PN, MCZI, CZI, RDI and ZSI. Evaluation of different indices also showed that SPEI index has the lowest difference between different drought classes compared to other indices based on the normal distribution method. According to the cross-correlation method, ZSI index has the highest correlation and similarity with SPI index. Also, the minimum rainfall method showed that all indicators in the years of minimum rainfall show very severe and severe drought classes and this method cannot be a criterion for selecting the appropriate drought index. Also, the minimum rainfall method showed that all indicators in the years of minimum rainfall show very severe and severe drought classes and this method cannot be a criterion for selecting the appropriate drought index.