Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- mansour shakeri 1
- | Hossein Shamsi Mahmoodabadi 1
- Masoumeh Salehi 2
- Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meybodi 3
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Meybod Branch, Yazd, Iran
2 National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. (AREEO) , Yazd, Iran
3 , Central Organization of Islamic Azad University. Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Objective: Given the gradual salinization of water and soil resources in most plains of the country, it is anticipated that the cultivation area of quinoa will expand. Since wheat is typically cultivated in rotation after quinoa, investigation of the allelopathic effects of quinoa residues on germination, performance and other morphophysiological traits of wheat is essential and has been the primary aim of this research.
Methods: The research was conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the National Salinity Research Center(Yazd) in the form of four experiments, under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. The germination factorial experiments were based on a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications in the laboratory and the growth chamber. Germination percentage, rate, mean germination time, percentage of normal seedlings, stem and root length, and seed vigor were the most critical parameters that were measured and analyzed In these experiments. Also, the factorial experiments on the effects of saponin and quinoa residues on wheat growth indices were based on a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications under greenhouse and field conditions. Leaf area index (LAI), number of panicles per m2, number of grains per panicle, grain yield, 1000-seed weight, dry weight, plant height and harvest index were the most critical traits measured and statistically analyzed in these experiments. To distinguish the effects of osmotic pressure and allelochemicals in the extract solutions, a control treatment using polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) was included.
Results: The inhibitory effects of extract and powder of saponin and quinoa residues, were significant at the one percent probability level on most traits examined in germination and wheat growth experiments under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. The concentration of treatments also significantly affected all traits and with higher concentrations leading to greater inhibitory effects. The interaction between plant parts and concentration were similarly significant at the one percent probability level. The inhibitory effects of saponin and different organs of quinoa on wheat were weaker in most of the growth traits evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions compared to the results of germination experiments in the laboratory. Also, abnormalities were observed in a number of germinated wheat seeds. These symptoms were more severe in the treatment of saponin extract.
Conclusion: These results all confirm the allelopathic properties of quinoa saponin and residues on wheat. Therefore If wheat is cultivated in rotation after quinoa, quinoa residues could significantly inhibit wheat germination and growth, reducing grain and straw yield
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