Mohammad Jabbari oranj; Hosein Moghadam; Mohammad Reza Jahansooz; Ali Ahmadi; Babak Motesharezadeh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of irrigation, planting date, and biofertilizers on phenological traits, yield, and some qualitative traits of quinoa as a new plant, an experiment has been conducted on a farm located in Bilehsvar region of Ardabil Province in two cropping years from 2019 to 2021 ...
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In order to investigate the effects of irrigation, planting date, and biofertilizers on phenological traits, yield, and some qualitative traits of quinoa as a new plant, an experiment has been conducted on a farm located in Bilehsvar region of Ardabil Province in two cropping years from 2019 to 2021 in split - split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include irrigation at three levels, including (complete irrigation, irrigation termination in budding stage, and irrigation termination in seed filling stage) as the main factor, planting date at three levels (namely 27 July, 11 August, and 27 August) as the sub-factor, and four levels of nitrogen biofertilizer (the control, seed inoculant with Azotobacter, inoculant with Azospirillum, and inoculation with a mixture of Azotobacter and Azospirillum) as the sub-sub-factor. The results show that the use of complete irrigation with a planting date of 27 July and inoculation of Azotobacter and Azospirillum biofertilizers has increased the length of phenological stages and 1000-seed weight. In terms of harvest index, complete irrigation treatment with planting date of 27 July, and combined inoculation of biofertilizers have had the highest value, in terms of protein percentage and saponin content of seed, irrigation interruption at the budding stage with planting date of 27 July, while co-inoculation with biofertilizers has given the best results, and the highest biological yield (620 g/m2) and grain yield (304.97 g/m2) have been obtained from complete irrigation treatment with planting date of 11 August and co-inoculation of biofertilizers.
ahmad zare; maede malekpoor; maryam arabizadeh
Abstract
Regression models are a tool to quantify the weeds seed germination in response to temperature. In order to determinate the cardinal temperature of four weeds Brassicaceae family (Eruca sativa, Hirschfeldia incana, Sinapis arvensis, and Erysimum repandum), four separate experiments have been conducted ...
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Regression models are a tool to quantify the weeds seed germination in response to temperature. In order to determinate the cardinal temperature of four weeds Brassicaceae family (Eruca sativa, Hirschfeldia incana, Sinapis arvensis, and Erysimum repandum), four separate experiments have been conducted at nine temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45°C) as factorial, based on a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications in Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2019. The First factor includes four weeds, and the second factor, weeds’ response to temperature. These have been different at 40°C only. H. incana displays some germination (38%), whereas the germination of other weeds has been completely inhibited. Based on the used models, the best models to determine cardinal temperature for E. sativa has been Beta, five parameter; for E. repandum, Beta, four parameter; and for S. arvensis, and H. incana, Dent-like model. The optimum temperature for germination of E. sativa and E. repandum are predicted to be 19.43 and 16.01 °C (Beta four and five parameter models), respectively. Moreover, the lower and upper optimum temperatures for germination of H. incana and Sinapis arvensis have been achieved at 27.22, 29.26, 23.23, and 27.86 °C, respectively (at Dent-like model). The maximum emergence of Eruca sativa, Hirschfeldia incana, and Sinapis arvensis is expected in November and from December to February for Erysimum repandum. Modeling germination in response to temperature can be considered in weed management, especially when determining the control time of weeds.
Hossein Monjezi; Mohammad Moradi Telavat; Seyyed Ataollah Siadat; Ahmad Koochakzadeh; Hassan Hamdi
Abstract
Filter mud is a residual of sugar extraction process produced in huge volume and has high organic matter and essential elements. Regarding to these properties, it seems this material could be a useful fertilizer in crop production. To evaluate effect of sugarcane filter muds and chemical and biological ...
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Filter mud is a residual of sugar extraction process produced in huge volume and has high organic matter and essential elements. Regarding to these properties, it seems this material could be a useful fertilizer in crop production. To evaluate effect of sugarcane filter muds and chemical and biological fertilizers application on canola (Brassica napus L.) yield and some of soil properties, a factorial experiment was conducted in 2012 in experimental farm of Ramin (Mollasani) Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan. A complete block design was used for the experiment in three replications. Different integrated treatments of filter muds and chemical fertilizers including A1: 100 percent filter muds, A2: 75 percent filter muds and 25 percent chemical fertilizers, A3: 50 percent filter muds and 50 precent chemical fertilizers, A4: 25 percent filter muds and 75 percent chemical fertilizers and A5: 100 percent chemical fertilizers were investigated as an experimental factor. Other experimental factor was biological fertilizers application (with and without biological fertilizers). The biological fertilizers investigated in this study were included nitroxin and Barvar 2. Application of filter muds had significant effects on canola yield, yield components, grain oil and protein contents. The soil organic matter and salinity also were affected by filter muds significantly. Highest canola grain yield was obtained by integration of filter muds and chemical fertilizers. Increase of filter muds caused to increase of grain oil content and decrease of nitrogen and nitrate content. On the other hand, increase of chemical fertilizers increased nitrate and nitrogen contents and decreased oil content. In addition, increase of filter muds resulted in higher soil organic matter and salinity, simultaneously.
Maryam Mansori; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Seyad Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano-particles of titanium dioxide on yield and yield components of ecotypes of cumin under drought stress conditions, a split-split plot experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2014-2015 at ...
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To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano-particles of titanium dioxide on yield and yield components of ecotypes of cumin under drought stress conditions, a split-split plot experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2014-2015 at the research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran at Pakdasht. Treatments were consisted of water stress at three levels (full irrigation throughout growing season, water stress at vegetative and reproductive stages), spraying of nano-particles of titanium dioxide at three levels (no spray, spraying with concentration of 0.015 and 0.03 percentages) and also ecotypes of cumin from nine regions. Based on the obtained results the highest grain yield was belonged to Ardakan-Yazd in normal irrigation and spraying of nano-particles at concentration of 0.03 percent with an average of 194.05 grams per square meter, compared to non-sprayed treatment in which 17 percent lower grain yield was obtained. The highest grain yield also was observed at stress conditions in reproductive phase for ecotype of Maneh of North Khorasan at spraying of 0.015 percent of nano-particles with an average of 45.89 grams per square meter, when compared to the control (no spray) in which 16 percent lower grain yield was obtained. Ecotypes also showed significant differences at level of one percentage in terms of responses to drought stress. Based on the obtained results from spraying of nano-particles at a concentration of 0.03 percent, the negative effects of drought stress were reduced and this treatment prevented from huge yield loss under stress.
Maryam Divsalar; Zeinodin Tahmasbi Sarvestani; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavi; Aidin Hamidi
Abstract
In order to assess the performance of two soybean cultivars produced in two regions including Karaj and Moghan to drought stress at reproductive stages and also the impact of drought stress on yield and its components, oil and protein percent, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on ...
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In order to assess the performance of two soybean cultivars produced in two regions including Karaj and Moghan to drought stress at reproductive stages and also the impact of drought stress on yield and its components, oil and protein percent, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on complete randomized block design in three replications in agriculture faculty of Tarbiat Modares University during 2014. Four treatments of drought stress were exerted as complete withholding irrigation at flowering stage (R1-R3), pod formation (R3-R5), seed filling stage (R5-R7) and control (no withholding of irrigation) which were placed in main plot and other treatments were two soybean cultivars (‘Williams’ and ‘L17’) and two seed production sources (Karaj and Moghan) that were placed in sub plots. The results indicated that the effect of drought stress on pod number, 1000-seeds weight, seed yield and also oil and protein percent was significant. The highest seed yield (262.73 gram per meter square) was observed in control (no stress) and the lowest yield (162.22 gram per meter square) belonged to drought stress at pod formation stage. Also the interactions of drought stress × cultivar and drought stress × seed source were significant on grain yield. The lowest seed oil percent (18.24 percent) and the highest protein percent (37.28 percent) of seeds were obtained at seed filling stage. With considering these results, the irrigation at pod formation stage (R3-R5) is necessary for preventing the reduction of soybean seed’s yield.
Mostafa Ebrahimikia; Matin Jami Moeini; Hamid Marvi; Yousef Hasheminejhad; Mohammad Ghasemzadeh Ganjehie
Abstract
To investigate the effects of row spacing and nitrogen application rate on growth and yield of quinoa, a split plot experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar during 2018. The studied factors include row spacing at three levels (25, 50, and ...
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To investigate the effects of row spacing and nitrogen application rate on growth and yield of quinoa, a split plot experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar during 2018. The studied factors include row spacing at three levels (25, 50, and 75 cm) and nitrogen application rate at four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha-1). Results show that the highest content of photosynthetic pigments, panicle length, number of seeds per plant, and biological yield belong to 150 kg N ha-1 treatment. However, the 100 kg N ha-1 treatment has had the highest number of panicles per plant (19.24) and 1000-seed weight (3.51 g). More row spacing has resulted in more chlorophyll contents, plant height, number of panicles, panicle length, and number of seeds per plant, but less 1000-seed weight, seed yield, and biological yield. The decrease in seed yield by increasing the row spacing to 50 and 75 cm has been 18.62 and 50.14%, respectively. The highest seed yield (6644.5 kg ha-1) has been produced via application of 150 kg N ha-1 at a row spacing of 25 cm. With increasing row spacing, nitrogen requirement to produce maximum seed yield declines. Thus, the highest seed yield in 75, 50, and 25 cm rows spacing are produced with the application of 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha-1, respectively. According to the results, the application of 150 kg N ha-1 and row spacing of 25 cm is recommended for planting quinoa, Sajama genotype.
Ali Sepehri; Roya Abasi; Afshin Karami
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on yield and yield components of bean genotypes under water deficit stress, an experiment was carried out as a factorial split plot design with three replications in research farm Bu Ali-Sina University (Hamadan, Iran) during 2009. Stress levels: consist ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on yield and yield components of bean genotypes under water deficit stress, an experiment was carried out as a factorial split plot design with three replications in research farm Bu Ali-Sina University (Hamadan, Iran) during 2009. Stress levels: consist of vegetative water stress, reproduction water stress and without water stress (control) and three bean genotypes (‘Akhtar’, ‘D81083’ and ‘KS31169’) allocated in the main plots and three concentrations of salicylic acid 0, 0.5 and 1 mM to the sub-plots. Based on results the treatments had significant effects on plant height, number of branches, pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Vegetative and reproductive drought stresses reduced grain yield but foliar application of Salicylic acid improved the growth and yield of bean. Utilizing salicylic acid in vegetative and reproductive stages improved the grain yield 17.2 and 16.8 percent, respectively. Such this result observed for biological yield too. Totally this research showed that between the genotypes of experiment, the ‘D81083’ and ‘Akhtar’ genotypes had higher grain yield and harvest index compared to ‘KS31169’. Foliar application of salicylic acid not only improved the growth and yield in no-stress condition but also for adjusting the drought stress especially at vegetative stress is recommended
Laila Alizad; Marefat Mostafavi Rad; Kayvan Aghaei
Abstract
This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen source type and plant growth promoting bacteria on yield and its attributes of Talesh local garlic as split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht during the 2016-2017 cropping season. ...
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This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen source type and plant growth promoting bacteria on yield and its attributes of Talesh local garlic as split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht during the 2016-2017 cropping season. Three nitrogen sources of vermicompost (15 ton/ha), nitrogen (100 kg /ha), integrated utility of vermicompost (7.5 ton/ha) with nitrogen (50 kg /ha) as main plot and ten preparation of plant growth promoting including of non-inoculation (as check), Azospirillum brasilense, Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter, Azospirillum + Pseudomonas, Azospirillum + Azotobacter, Pseudomonas + Azotobacter, Azospirillum + Pseudomonas + Azotobacter as sub plot comprised experimental treatments. The greatest bulb yield was obtained under the usage of 100 kg nitrogen per hectare as urea fertilizer and simultaneous application of Pseudomonas and Azospirillum spp. There was a positive and significant correlation between bulb yield and all traits such as biological yield, bulb diameter, bulb height, clove numbers per bulb, clove weight, dry weight of bulb, dry weight of stem, leaf numbers per plant and plant height except bulb shell layers. Also, the correlation between yield attributes such as clove numbers per bulb, clove weight, bulb diameter, bulb height and vegetative characteristics of bulb plant was positive and significant. In general, bulb yield and its attributes showed different responses to nitrogen sources and plant growth promoting bacteria. Application of Azospirillum + Pseudomonas could be recommendable to improve bulb yield in conventional agriculture and under region climatic condition.
malek ghasemi; mahsa hashemi sajadi; vali rabiei
Abstract
Thermotherapy is one of the tristeza management methods that was used in this study. Thus 36 ͺ ‘thomson navel orange’ scions on soure orange rootstocks were placed in temperature controlled chamber (TCC) to investigate the effect of thermotherapy on elimination of Tristeza virus. At first, ...
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Thermotherapy is one of the tristeza management methods that was used in this study. Thus 36 ͺ ‘thomson navel orange’ scions on soure orange rootstocks were placed in temperature controlled chamber (TCC) to investigate the effect of thermotherapy on elimination of Tristeza virus. At first, the scions were inoculated by grafting of infected buds and after six months tested by ELISA to ensure contamination. Plants were placed in temperatures including: 40&30, 42&32, 44&340C for eleven weeks, two weeks and 10 days, respectively. In the last temperature, 12 plants dried and in 6 of the remaining plants, there was not verified any infected by ELISA, Direct Tissue Blot Immunoassay and indicator plant tests after three months from the last experiment.Termotherapy is considered as one of the healthy ways of citrus seedlings depending on plant species and viruses infecting alone or together with shoot tip grafting (STG) leads to the production of healthy seedlings. Healthy subjects express differences in the percentage of low initial concentration of virus. The difference in results between studies and other findings show the need and basis for selecting varieties tolerant to heat.
Amin Arjmand; Mohsen Ebrahimi; MohammadReza Bihamta; Narges Moradi
Abstract
Objective: Marshmallow (Althaea spp.) is a plant belonging to the Malvaceae family and is native to Asia, South Africa, and America. It is found in Iranian natural pastures throughout the country. The purpose of this research is to identify the best ecotypes of Golkhtami in terms of phytochemical traits ...
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Objective: Marshmallow (Althaea spp.) is a plant belonging to the Malvaceae family and is native to Asia, South Africa, and America. It is found in Iranian natural pastures throughout the country. The purpose of this research is to identify the best ecotypes of Golkhtami in terms of phytochemical traits studied in this experiment and to introduce the best ecotypes for further research and to be used as crossbreeding parents in crossbreeding projects.
Methods: In this study which was investigated in nine ecotypes and three different species, phytochemical traits including total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity, and cholinesterase inhibitory activity were evaluated in different ecotypes of marshmallow.
Results: The results showed that the Kermanshah ecotype of Althaea officinalis had the highest amount of flavonoids (18.47 mg of quercetin per gram of extract) and cholinesterase inhibitory activity (28.37 mg/ml based on IC50), while the Bushehr ecotype of A. ficifolia had the highest amount of anthocyanins (6.45 mg) and the Yazd ecotype of A. officinalis had the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity (84.25 mg/ml based on IC50). Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed a positive and significant correlation between the investigated traits. In orthogonal comparisons, the Kermanshah, Mazandaran, and Isfahan ecotypes of A. officinalis had the highest levels of flavonoids and cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Cluster analysis by the WARD method showed that the ecotypes related to one species were placed in one group.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the studied species and ecotypes have high diversity, which can be useful for improvement and selection of phytochemical traits in marshmallow. The investigated ecotypes can be used as the base population and initial parents of the cross in further experiments.
Esmaeil Rezaei-chiyaneh; Jalal Jalilian; Elnaz Ebrahimian; Seyed Mohamad Seyedi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a field experiment was conducted at a farm located in West Azerbaijan province - city Nagadeh, Iran during growing season of 2012-2013. The ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a field experiment was conducted at a farm located in West Azerbaijan province - city Nagadeh, Iran during growing season of 2012-2013. The experiment was arranged as split plot based on Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The main plots were allocated to irrigation levels (Irrigation after 50 mm (control), 100 mm (moderate water stresses) and 150 mm (severe water stresses) evaporation from class A pan) and sub-plots were allotted to biological fertilizers (Mycorrhiza, the combination of Azotobacter and Barvar Phosphate-2, Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Barvar Phosphate-2 and control). Results showed that by increasing irrigation times from 50 to 150 mm evaporation, plant height, number of umbel per plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, seed yield and concentration and content of essential oil in ajowan were significantly decreased. Among the biological fertilizers, combined usage of biofertilizers (Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Barvar Phosphate-2) showed greater increment in studied traits than individual consumption. In each irrigation levels (Irrigation after 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation), the highest seed yield (783 kg/ha) was obtained from combined usage of biofertilizers and the lowest seed yield (400 kg/ha) belonged to control treatment, respectively.
Samaneh Jahanpanah; Mahmoud Ghasemnejad; Younes Ebrahimi
Abstract
Incomplete pollination of kiwifruit flowers could be the main limiting factor which reduces marketable kiwifruit quality. Therefore, at the current study effect of pollen suspension and dry pollen as supplemental artificial pollination were evaluated on characteristics such as fruit size, fruit weight, ...
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Incomplete pollination of kiwifruit flowers could be the main limiting factor which reduces marketable kiwifruit quality. Therefore, at the current study effect of pollen suspension and dry pollen as supplemental artificial pollination were evaluated on characteristics such as fruit size, fruit weight, seed number, dry matter percent, tissue firmness, total soluble solid, and vitamin C content, mineral nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphors, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of Hayward Kiwifruit. The results showed that pollination with dry pollen, at the 60% of full bloom stage, increased marketable fruits in compare to other treatments. There are more seed number in these fruits (11% and 5% respectively), which result to increase fruit size, length and diameter as compare to pollen suspension and control. Fruit vitamin C could not affect by pollination, but fruit dry matter of flowers which pollinated at 60% of full bloom was the higher than the other treatments. Supplemental pollination with dry pollen increased fruit calcium, which resulted to improve nitrogen to calcium, potassium to calcium, the sum of potassium and magnesium to calcium, the sum of nitrogen and potassium to calcium ratios. Overall, it seems that supplemental pollination, especially with dry pollen at 60% of full bloom stage, could improve pollination and ovules fertilization. In conclusion, the same fruits have more seed number and strength sink for accumulation assimilate and mineral elements especially calcium. Overall, the profit of supplemental pollination with dry pollen was calculated about 48,800,000 Rials per hectare.
Sevda Ghasemi Germi; morteza Barmaki; salim farzaneh; Mandana Amiri
Abstract
AbstractThis study aims at investigating the morpho-physiological responses of potato superelite mini-tubers to different coating treatments factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Farm of Mohaghegh Ardabili University between 2018 and 2019. ...
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AbstractThis study aims at investigating the morpho-physiological responses of potato superelite mini-tubers to different coating treatments factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Farm of Mohaghegh Ardabili University between 2018 and 2019. Experimental factors at four levels include mini-tubers filler (zeolite and cocopeat), superphosphate (soil and pellet application), chitosan, and superabsorbent with control treatment (without pelleting). Application of cocopeat with superphosphate leads to the highest average number of tubers per plant (8.36), fresh and dry tuber yield (18.23 and 3.88 tons per hectare), and biological yield (21.69 tons per hectare). The use of chitosan in mini-tuber pelleting decrease the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes (19.67% and 16.37%, respectively), increasing the activity of polyphenol oxidase (37.80%). Zeolite increase and cocopeat decrease the tuber protein percentage, compared to the control. This increase in protein percentage with increasing tuber yield leads to a 32.23% increase in tuber protein yield in zeolite application, compared to control treatment. The use of superphosphate in mini-tuber pelleting also increase the protein percentage, thus leading to a 30.30% increase in protein yield, compared to control mini-tuber. In principal component analysis (PCA), the first component, with which 35% of the changes could be explained, include the yield of protein, lysine, and methionine, and the second component, with which 25% of the changes could be explained, include the protein, methionine, lysine, and total nitrogen. Finally, the results show that the mini-tuber pelleting by superphosphate, zeolite, and superabsorbent have had significant additive effects on yield and quality traits.
Mehdi Heydari-Rahni; Mohammad Nasri; Yousef Filizadeh; Pourang Kasraie
Abstract
The effects of chemical fertilizer of urea in 5 levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 kg ha-1) and biofertilizers in 4 levels (Nitroxin, Phosphate barvar2, mixed of both and control) on quantity and quality yield of valerian are studied during 2016 to 2020. Measured parameters include valernic acid (percent), ...
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The effects of chemical fertilizer of urea in 5 levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 kg ha-1) and biofertilizers in 4 levels (Nitroxin, Phosphate barvar2, mixed of both and control) on quantity and quality yield of valerian are studied during 2016 to 2020. Measured parameters include valernic acid (percent), valernic acid (g ha-1), root dry weight (kg ha-1), shoot dry weight (kg ha-1), root diameter (mm), root length (cm), leaf width (cm), and leaf length (cm). This study is carried out at the Homad-Absard Agricultural Complex in Damavand city, Tehran Province, Iran, as factorial layout based on a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Results show that the biofertilizers have had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on the all quantity and quality parameters studied. Unlike the urea chemical fertilizer at all levels, which have had a negative effect on the yield and amount of valernic acid (percent), bio-fertilizers has increased it. Maximum and minimum amount of valernic acid (percent) are measured in control and 150 kg ha-1 urea, respectively. The highest root dry weight belongs to interaction of Nitroxin+ Phosphate barvar2+150 kg urea (665 kg ha-1) and control (221 kg ha-1) respectively. Results of this experiment show that biofertilizers with positive effects on the parameters are able to replace the chemical fertilizers.
Reza Rezaee; Behzad Hessari
Abstract
In order to understand the current status of apple orchards and their suitability to the organic principles, this research was conducted in 11 main apple growing sites in Urmia during 2008-2011. An analytical and descriptive research method was used to collect necessary data through interview, observations ...
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In order to understand the current status of apple orchards and their suitability to the organic principles, this research was conducted in 11 main apple growing sites in Urmia during 2008-2011. An analytical and descriptive research method was used to collect necessary data through interview, observations as well as by random distribution of questionnaires with 44 variables among 366 apple growers. Frequency distribution, correlation and multivariate analysis of variance was used for analysis of data. There were significant differences between and within sites in terms of all variables. Suitability of apple orchards to the organic principles was determined 30-80 percent in terms of membership in cooperatives, orchard area, second job, working time, tendency of growers to organic, orchard fertilization, access to river water, soil depth, pesticide usage and orchard floor management. Considering 91.8 percent of orchards located in plains as well as mismanagement of the apple orchards, especially in view of the severity of pruning and shoots over-growth and flood irrigation, the whole region showed lower suitability for organic production. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.12) was observed between education level and the tendency of growers towards organic production, indicating lack of organic educations among growers. Based on the results, production of organic apple in some elevated parts of the region is possible and its successfulness depends on supplementary studies in terms of defining standards, contraction with growers as well as continuous monitoring on the production and marketing process.
Samaneh Kiani; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Seyed Ataollah siadat; Ali Reza Abdali Mashhadi; Mohsen Sari
Abstract
In order to investigate the yield and quality of forage in intercropping barley and fennel, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin University during growing season ...
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In order to investigate the yield and quality of forage in intercropping barley and fennel, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin University during growing season of 2012-2013. Four treatments levels of nitrogen including: (0, 70, 140 and 210 kgN.ha-1) have been taken into account as main plots and the planting ratios in five levels (pure culture barley and fennel), (75% barley + 25% fennel), (50% barley + 50% fennel), (25% barley + 75% fennel) as sub-plots. Results showed that the highest dry and fresh forage yield, respectively, 53380 and 8271 kgN.ha-1 were obtained from treatments pure cultures of fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1 and 50percent barley + 50percent fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1. Morphological traits included height of barley and fennel, number of branches for fennel were positive affected nitrogen 140 kg.The highest percent crude protein with 25.7 percent was obtained from pure cultures of fennel with 210 kgN.ha-1 .Also, maximum crude protein yield (1528.2 kgN.ha-1) and land equivalent ratio (LER=1.16) were obtained from 50percent barley+50percent fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1 respectively. The authenticator results of aforesaid inspections enhance the forage yield and quality in treatment 50 percent barley+50percent fennel with level of 210 kg N.ha-1
Negar Saemi; Mohammad Javad Nazarideljou; Nabi Khezri Nezhad
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ajowan's (Carum copticum) essential oil as a natural and non-chemical fungicide on flower longevity and gray mold infection as the most important agent of rose postharvest losses. Different essential oil concentrations of Ajowan (0, 300 600 and ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ajowan's (Carum copticum) essential oil as a natural and non-chemical fungicide on flower longevity and gray mold infection as the most important agent of rose postharvest losses. Different essential oil concentrations of Ajowan (0, 300 600 and 900 µL/L) applied as a postharvest foliar application on rose cut flowers (Rosa × hybrida cv. Angelina) which inoculated with gray mold fungus compared to the control (non-contaminated). Based on the results, enzymatic antioxidant capacity (CAT and POD), lipid peroxidation, vase life and gray mold contamination were affected significantly by gray mold infection and foliar application of Ajowan essential oil. According to the results, the minimum gray mold infection was observed at the highest essential oil level 900 µL/L. The highest flower vase life of roses which were inoculated by gray mold was observed at 600 µL/L; while maximum flower vase life was observed at the same concentration but in non-inoculated flowers by gray mold (control plants). The results of the present experiment led to conclude that increasing of flower longevity of infected roses by gray mold under Ajowan's essential oil was achieved because of lipid peroxidation reduction and ion leakage as well as a consequence of antioxidant activity which has been happened under essential oil treatments.
Abolfazl Faraji
Abstract
In order to study the effect of temperature and photoperiod (PP) on development rate of different vegetative and reproductive stages of canola, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad during 2005-2007. The experiment was a randomized complete block design arranged in a ...
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In order to study the effect of temperature and photoperiod (PP) on development rate of different vegetative and reproductive stages of canola, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad during 2005-2007. The experiment was a randomized complete block design arranged in a split-plot in two conditions, for example supplemental irrigation and rainfed. There were different regression equations between mean temperature and duration of development periods, i.e. a negative power equation for periods from planting to emergence and from emergence to beginning of budding, a quadratic equation for periods from beginning of budding to beginning of flowering and beginning of flowering to beginning of seed filling, and a negative linear equation for period from beginning of seed filling to physiological maturity. The decrease in seed filling period with increase in temperature was considerably higher in Hyola401 hybrid than RGS003 cultivar, indicating that the response of Hyola 401 development to temperature was more than RGS003. There was a positive linear relationship between mean PP from emergence to beginning of flowering with cumulative thermal time during this period, explaining 68 and 74 percent of the variation for Hyola401 and RGS003 cultivars, respectively, showing the positive effect of PP on canola development from emergence to beginning of flowering. Canola development was affected by PP and temperature during emergence to beginning of flowering, and temperature during beginning of flowering to physiological maturity.
Esmaeil Gholinezhad; Bakhtiar Lalehgani; Shahryar Kazemi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of polyamines on antioxidant activity and biochemical traits of Camelina under salinity stress conditions, a pot (as poen air) experiment was conducted at Payame Noor University (PNU), Iran in March 2022 as factorial layout based on a completely randomized design with ...
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In order to investigate the effect of polyamines on antioxidant activity and biochemical traits of Camelina under salinity stress conditions, a pot (as poen air) experiment was conducted at Payame Noor University (PNU), Iran in March 2022 as factorial layout based on a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. The salinity treatment was at three salinity levels (0, 15 and 30 dS/m) and 4 foliar spraying levels including 1- spermine (2 mM), 2- spermidine (2 mM), 3- putrescine (2 mM) and control (pure water foliar spraying). The results showed that with the increasing salinity stress, oil and protein contents and dry seed weight, chlorophyll index, shoot organic and mineral percentage decreased, but protein percentage, shoot ash percentage, soluble sugars, antioxidant activity and ion leakage percentage increased significantly. Salinity stress of 30 and 15 ds/m compared to the control, reduced the chlorophyll index (32 and 15 percent) and mineral percentage (19 and 3 percent), oil percentage (17 and 9 percent), dry oil weight in pot (62 and 21 percent) and dry seed weight (52 and 10 percent), but protein percentage (9 and 3 percent), ash percentage (33 and 30 percent), soluble sugars (32 and 20 percent) and antioxidant activity (21 and 13 percent) increased, respectively. Also, foliar spraying with polyamines increased the above traits, but decreased the percentage of ion leakage. Therefore, in order to decreasing the effects of salinity stress and increasing the dry seed and oil weights in pot, spraying with polyamines, especially spermine, is suggested.
Mohammad Saeidi Abuesghaghi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini
Abstract
seed polishing treatment on germination and seedling growth of different sugar beet cultivars, a experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. The first factor consisted ...
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seed polishing treatment on germination and seedling growth of different sugar beet cultivars, a experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. The first factor consisted of five monogerm cultivars of sugar beet (Shokofa, Arta, Aria, Sina and Octaban) and the second factor consisted of three levels of seed polishing (control, abrasion of 10% of seed husk weight and , abrasion of 30% of seed husk weight). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivar and the interaction of cultivar and abrasion on all traits were significant. Comparison of mean interactions showed that Aria cultivar and 30% abrasion treatment had the highest germination percentage (83.5 percentage), germination rate (7.6 seed/day), and mean daily germination (5.96 seed/day) Meanwhile, the highest coefficient of seed length vigor index (10.18) were related to Ekbatan cultivar and 30% abrasion treatment. The highest fresh weight of plumule (0.25 g) and radicle (0.053 g) belonged to Shokofa cultivar without abrasion, the highest amount of chlorophyll b (2.77 mg/g fresh weight) and related to Arta cultivar and 30% abrasion, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (4.19 mg/g fresh weight ) was observed in Shokofa cultivar with 30% abrasion In general, it can be concluded from this study that polishing of 30% weight improves the germination and growth characteristics of sugar beet seeds and among the cultivars tested, Aria is more affected by abrasion than other cultivars
tahere jahantigh; Abdolshakoor Raissi; Hossein Piri
Abstract
Objective: This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of Biofertilizers on some characteristics of guar in the crop year of 2018-2019 in Iranshahr city.
Methods: The research was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions. ...
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Objective: This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of Biofertilizers on some characteristics of guar in the crop year of 2018-2019 in Iranshahr city.
Methods: The research was carried out in the form of randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions. Treatments include 1- Nitroxin (1 liter per hectare), 2- Mycorrhiza (200 kg per hectare), 3- Azotobacter (1 liter of fertilizer per 100 kg of seeds), 4- Rhizobium (1 liter of fertilizer per hectare), 5- Phosphate Barvar 2 (100 grams per hectare), 6- Phosphate Barvar 3 (100 grams per hectare), 7- Biosulfur (6 kg per hectare) and 8- control.
Results: The effect of fertilizers on most of the investigated characteristics was significant at the probability level of 1%. The effect of the treatments on the percentage of mucilage was significant at the five percent probability level. The highest biological yield (14.66), number of lateral branches (11.78), harvest index (31.79), plant height (166.53 cm), number of seeds per plant (52.47), seed yield (kg 4438/13 ha), seed nitrogen percentage (5.475), seed protein percentage (32.71), ash percentage (0.173), mucilage percentage (25.860) and swelling factor (1.83 ml) under the influence Nitroxin biofertilizer was obtained. The highest number of seeds in pod (5.17) and the weight of one thousand seeds (35.67 gr) were obtained under the effect of biosulfur biofertilizer.
Conclusion: Among the investigated treatments, nitroxin biofertilizer and then biosulfur had a relatively greater effect on most of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the guar plant.
Azizollah Khandan-Mirkohi; Naghmeh Alizadeh kordestani
Abstract
In this research, possibility of bulblet production from different cuttings including leaf, leaf-bud and leafy-stem of Lilium oriental hybrid cv. ‘Star Gazer’ evaluated under different levels of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg per liter (ppm). The cuttings were ...
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In this research, possibility of bulblet production from different cuttings including leaf, leaf-bud and leafy-stem of Lilium oriental hybrid cv. ‘Star Gazer’ evaluated under different levels of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg per liter (ppm). The cuttings were taken from stems which grown from cold treated bulbs in early October. A factorial experiment was done in Department of Horticulture Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran in 2014-2015, based on Randomized complete blocks design with three replications and nine cuttings per replicate. The results showed that rooting percentage and leaf number decreased on leaf cuttings by increasing auxin concentration, while these traits increased on leaf-bud and leafy stem cuttings. In contrast to the results in the rooting and leaf number traits, number of bulblets rose in leaf cuttings from 14 in control to 21, in leaf-bud cuttings from three to 20 and in leafy stem cuttings from one to 16 in IBA levels of 250, 500 and 750 ppm, respectively. Exceeding IBA concentration had reverse effect on bulblet number, correspondingly. Even so, leaf number and rooting percentage declined on leaf cuttings by application of IBA, but it was useful for production of more bulblets on leaf, leaf-bud and leafy-stem cuttings in IBA levels of 250, 500 and 750 ppm, respectively.
amirhasan khodabakhshi; Behnam Kamkar; nafiseh khalili
Abstract
This study was conducted to quantify germination response of annual savory (Satureja hortensis L.) to temperature and water potential. For this purpose, seeds were exposed to different temperature (12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37 and 40°C) and water potential (zero, -0.1, -0.3, -0.5 and -0.7 MPa) treatments ...
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This study was conducted to quantify germination response of annual savory (Satureja hortensis L.) to temperature and water potential. For this purpose, seeds were exposed to different temperature (12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37 and 40°C) and water potential (zero, -0.1, -0.3, -0.5 and -0.7 MPa) treatments in Seed Research Lab., Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2013. Results indicated that temperature and water potential and interacted effects had significant effect on maximum germination percentage, germination rate (reciprocal time to 50 percent germination), and time to 10, 50 and 90 percent germination. Along with water potential decrement, both germination percentage and rate decreased. With temperature increasing to optimum temperature, both germination percentage and rate increased, while it decreased from optimum temperature onward. Assessment of three nonlinear regression models including segmented, dent-like and beta models revealed that the last one was selected as the superior model. Based on the superior model (Beta), base, optimum and ceiling temperatures were estimated as 7.56, 23.98 and 40°C, respectively. Biological hours for control treatment (zero potential water) was calculated as 91.17 hours. Cardinal temperatures were not affected by water potential, but biological hours for germination was delayed as 17.64 hours per each unit water potential increment.
Tayebeh Adeli; Ataolah Siadat; Sirous Jafari; Ahmad Koochak Zadeh
Abstract
To evaluate the efficiency of zinc and cadmium on the Fe and Cu uptake and some physiological indices in Trifolium Alexandrinum, an experiment was carried out using Factorial Design based on Randomized Blocks with four replications. The experiment factors included four levels of Cd (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg ...
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To evaluate the efficiency of zinc and cadmium on the Fe and Cu uptake and some physiological indices in Trifolium Alexandrinum, an experiment was carried out using Factorial Design based on Randomized Blocks with four replications. The experiment factors included four levels of Cd (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg soil) and four levels of zinc (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg soil) in greenhouse conditions in Agriculture and natural resource faculty greenhouse located in Mola Sani 40 km north of Ahwaz in 3 November 91-92 . Carmel variety was used in this study. The results showed that Cd consumption on leaf area index (P<0.01), and dry matter (P<0.05) was significant leading to a reduction in the content of all these elements. The results also showed that applied Cd had significant effect on the Fe and Cu concentration in plant tissues, too. Cd application decreased Fe concentration to 22.08 mg/kg and Cu to 4.47 mg/kg in shoot and leaf. The zinc application increased leaf area index and dry matter in significant level. With Zn application separately, the amount of Fe and Zn decreased by 14.28 and 3.36 mg/kg in shoot and leaf, respectively.