mohammad reza baghbani; Abdolreza Siahpoosh; Alireza Shafeinia; Elham Elahifard
Abstract
Objective: Fennel, scientifically named Foeniculum vulgare L., is one of the most important and widely used medicinal plants of the Apiaceae family. This condition ultimately affects its performance, reducing it.
Methods: Therefore, in order to evaluate weed control and boost performance via plant density, ...
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Objective: Fennel, scientifically named Foeniculum vulgare L., is one of the most important and widely used medicinal plants of the Apiaceae family. This condition ultimately affects its performance, reducing it.
Methods: Therefore, in order to evaluate weed control and boost performance via plant density, trifluralin herbicide, and mechanical control, an experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks with three factors and three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2019-2020. Tested factors included mechanical control at two levels (without cultivator and double cultivator), plant density at three levels (6, 12, and 24 plants per square meter) and application of trifluralin herbicide at three levels (zero as a weed control), 1.5, and 3 liters per hectare).
Results: The results of this study showed that treatment with (density of 24 plants per square meter of fennel and 1.5 liters per hectare of trifluralin and with 2 cultivators) did not show any significant difference from the abovementioned treatment.
Conclusion: Therefore, to reduce the use of herbicides, a dose of 1.5 liters of trifluralin can be used instead of a dose of 3 liters, along with 2 cultivators. The highest economic yield of fennel (1313 kg/ ha) belonged to the two plots above. This study showed that the highest essential oil was observed in double cultivator plots by 9.5% and the lowest in uncultivated plots by 4.76%, indicating the effectiveness of the cultivator compared to other factors in the production of essential oil.
Fatemeh Delavarnia; Faezeh Zaefarian; roghayeh hasanpour; Hemmatollah Pirdashti
Abstract
In order to evaluate the ability of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to remediate the heavy metal cadmium with biochar and Pseudomonas putida, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on completely randomized design accomplished in greenhouse conditions with four replications at Sari Agricultural ...
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In order to evaluate the ability of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to remediate the heavy metal cadmium with biochar and Pseudomonas putida, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on completely randomized design accomplished in greenhouse conditions with four replications at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, in the summer of 2019. Results show that the presence of cadmium in the medium of sorghum reduce the dry weight of root and shoot. However, adding biochar and bacterial inoculation significantly increase the mentioned traits. Bioconcentration factor and bioaccumulation factor have increased from 25 to 100 mg of cadmium, when the highest shoot bioaccumulation factor (2.31) is observed at a concentration of 100 mg Cd per kg soil and in the simultaneous application of Biochar and Pseudomonas putida, which is a significant increase of 28.33% compared to the control. The lowest translocation factor of sorghum (1.000) is related to non-application of biochar, non-inoculation of Pseudomonas putida and without cadmium contamination, itslef reduced by 20% compared to the control, while the highest translocation factor (1.94) is observed at a concentration of 25 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and treatment of non-application of biochar and non-inoculation of Pseudomonas putida. Plant tolerance index has decreased by increasing cadmium concentration, while the use of biochar and inoculation of Pseudomonas putida has increased this index when the highest tolerance index (1.22) is related to the treatment of combined use of biochar and bacteria with no cadmium, increased by 22% compared to non-application of biochar and non-inoculation bacteria. As the tolerance index of forage sorghum in all concentrations of cadmium is more than 0.60, this plant can be classified in the highly-tolerant group to the heavy metal cadmium stress and sorghum could be used for cadmium phytoremediation.
mehrdad ranjbar; Fardin Sadegh-Zadeh; mostafa emadi; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou; Abdolghafour Ahmadpour Dashliboroun
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different biochar and chemical fertilizers on growth and nutrient concentrations of sugarcane, a factorial layout has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company in ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different biochar and chemical fertilizers on growth and nutrient concentrations of sugarcane, a factorial layout has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company in Khuzestan during 2020. The experimental factors include biochar types (sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw and wood chips) and Chemical fertilizers ((control), (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), (Nitrogen and Phosphorus), (Nitrogen and Potassium), (Phosphorus and Potassium), (Nitrogen), (Phosphorus), (Potassium)). The effect of interaction between biochar and chemical fertilizer treatments on the concentration of silicon, phosphorus and potassium of the plant has been significant at one percent and on the concentration of plant nitrogen at five percent. Also, the effect of interaction between biochar and chemical fertilizer treatments on fresh and dry weight of the plant has been significant at one percent and on plant height at five percent. The highest concentration of Si has been gained from the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Compared to the control, the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer have had the highest concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant, increasing the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus by 49% and 36%, respectively. The highest height and fresh weight of the plant are related to the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. According to the results, the application of biochar and chemical fertilizers mixture is recommended to increase the growth and nutrient concentrations of sugarcane.
Maryam Falahatkar Gangi; Weria Weisany; Marjan Diyanat
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2020. Its factors include irrigation at three levels (optimal irrigation at field capacity, moderate stress, and severe stress), application of mycorrhizal fungus at four levels (mosseae, Simiglomus hoi, Rhizophagus irregularis, and no inoculation (control)) and chickpea cultivar at two levels (ILC-482 and Pirooz). Results show that irrigation level has had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. Thus, by decreasing the amount of available plant water, both dry weight and chlorophyll content drops. Catalase activity increases under severe stress, compared to moderate stress and lack of drought stress up to 37% and 71.9% in Pirooz cultivar and up to 69.4% and 82.6% in ILC-482 cultivar, respectively. In case of the latter, the highest peroxidase activity is observed in severe stress conditions, which almost doubled compared to non-stress treatment. The activity of peroxidase enzyme is affected by the use of mycorrhizal fungi so that plants inoculated with G. mosseae has had the highest and non-inoculation with mycorrhiza the lowest peroxidase activity. In severe stress, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde has been obtained using G. mosseae. Inoculation of chickpeas with mycorrhizal fungi can be considered as a way to improve growth in non-stress conditions and increase tolerance to drought stress conditions.
Ahmad Golchin; Faezeh Farahmand Mofrad; Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou
Abstract
Peppermint is an important medicinal and aromatic plant which its oil content varies from one region to another region and as a function of fertilization, shadow, irrigation, and photoperiod. In order to study the effect of different levels of shadow and nitrogen on growth and oil performance of this ...
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Peppermint is an important medicinal and aromatic plant which its oil content varies from one region to another region and as a function of fertilization, shadow, irrigation, and photoperiod. In order to study the effect of different levels of shadow and nitrogen on growth and oil performance of this plant, a factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan during the 2014-2015 cropping season. The experimental factors were, shadow factor in four levels (S0: without shadow, S25: 25%, S50: 50%, and S75: 75% shadow) and nitrogen factor as Urea in four levels (N1: without nitrogen, N2:60, N3:120, and N4:180 mg N/kg). The results showed that the highest number of leaves per plant (936), leaf surface area (1688mm2), chlorophyll index (51.32), essential oil content (2.455%), and essential oil yield (0.37 g/box) were obtained from the S25N3 treatment. The highest shoot dry weight was measured in the S50N4 treatment and the S25N3 treatment with 8.36% difference stood in the second place. The highest leaf dry weight was observed in S25N3 (11.55 g/box). Treatments applied to plant height and numbers of branches were not significantly affected. Therefore, to obtain the highest concentration and performance of essential oil in peppermint, as well as to increase the number of leaves per plant and leaf surface area for marketable and edible consumption, the use of 25% shadow and the application of 120 mg/kg nitrogen are recommended.
Abbas Alizade ahmad abadi1; sarah khorasaninejad; Khodayar Hemmati
Abstract
In order to study the effects of Humic acid levels and irrigation regimes on the some morphological and biochemical characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., a pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and four experimental units at research ...
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In order to study the effects of Humic acid levels and irrigation regimes on the some morphological and biochemical characteristics of Echinacea purpurea L., a pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and four experimental units at research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, during growing season of 2014- 15. Treatments were four levels of irrigation regimes (40, 60, 80 and 100 percent field capacity) and humic acid including four levels: (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). The results showed that irrigation regimes had significant effect on all measured properties except root length. Humic acid increased all of the growth caractristics and morphological traits in 5% level statistically, while had significant effect on total flavonoid and increased it. Interaction effect of humic acid and irrigation regimes was significant for wet and dry weight of root and shoot, total phenol and flavonoid. Therfore, the limited irrigation had negative effect on growth and plants increased their phenol and antioxidant components to stress coping. Humic acid increased growth and yield in plants that were faced with stress.
Ezatollah Esfandiari; Adel Javadi; Majid Shokrpour
Abstract
In order to evaluate the physiological and biochemical traits in response to salinity, six varieties of wheat were cultivated in a split plot based on randomized complete block design in the growth chamber in the department of agronomy, faculty of agriculture, University of Maragheh. Seedlings of wheat ...
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In order to evaluate the physiological and biochemical traits in response to salinity, six varieties of wheat were cultivated in a split plot based on randomized complete block design in the growth chamber in the department of agronomy, faculty of agriculture, University of Maragheh. Seedlings of wheat cultivars, in three to four leaves stage were treated with 200 mM NaCl for 14 days. After the elapsed mentioned time, the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress indices and some physiological parameters were measured. The results showed that lipid peroxidation in all cultivars except Augusta significantly increased compared to controls. Salinity reduces membrane stability index in cultivars. While the mentioned index was stable and did not change significantly in both environments in other cultivars. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities showed a significant decrease in Koohdasht, Pishtaz and MV17 cultivars under salt stress in comparison with the control. But salinity increased ascorbate peroxidase activity and decreased catalase activity in Ayzngran. Guaicul peroxidase activity was reduced by salinity only in Augusta. Glutathione S -transferase only increased in Gaskogen and Kohdasht and Pishtaz cultivars had decreased significantly. Moreover, the results showed that, despite the increase in sodium uptake by the roots of all cultivars, only Ayzngran and Augusta had the ability to transfer control of sodium to crown and leaves. Moreover, among cultivars studied, salinity significantly reduced the total dry weight per plant of Kohdasht. As a final result can be stated, although sodium is toxic element for cell metabolism, especially the leaf cells, but if the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes with the ability to store this element, except in areas cytocell, would reduce the toxicity of this element, even wheat variety is not able to prevent the transmission of sodium to leaves.
Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meibodi; Manouchehr Jam nejad; Mahdi Mainbashi Moeini; Faribi Meighani
Volume 12, Issue 2 , November 2010, , Pages 11-23
Abstract
In order to study the effect of environment temperature and GR60 concentration on seed germination and growth of Orobanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche cernua, two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in Weed Research department of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection in 2008. ...
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In order to study the effect of environment temperature and GR60 concentration on seed germination and growth of Orobanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche cernua, two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in Weed Research department of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection in 2008. The first experiment was established as a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of treatments and five replications. The first factor was GR60 concentration (zero, one, two and five ppm), the second factor was broomrape species (O. aegyptiaca and O. cernua), and the third factor was temperature (10, 20 and 30?C). The second experiment was also conducted with the same statistical design and species, temperature at three levels (15, 20 and 30?C) and host plants at two levels (tomato and tobacco). Results indicated that GR60 stimulated seed germination of both broomrape species. Broomrape germination increased up to 20?C. O. cernua needed less GR60 for maximum germination compared to that of O. aegyptiaca. Stem weight of broomrape species increased by moderate increase in temperature.