Mona Arvand; Yousef Sohrabi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of integrated management of chemical and biological fertilizers on physiological traits, and grain yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation levels, a split-plot experiment has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design ...
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In order to investigate the effects of integrated management of chemical and biological fertilizers on physiological traits, and grain yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation levels, a split-plot experiment has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at research farm University of Kurdistan in the spring of 2016. Two irrigation levels (irrigation at 100% and 70% of the plant water requirement) are randomized on the main plot. Five fertilizer levels (including 100% chemical fertilizers, 80% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, 60% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, 40% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, and non-fertilizer application) are randomized on a sub-plot. The results reveal that under irrigation at 70% of the plant water requirement conditions, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates concentration, and lipid peroxidation have increased, while the values of other studied physiological parameters as well the grain yield have dropped. The combination of biological and chemical fertilizers positively affect the studied physiological traits and grain yield, such that the highest grain yield belongs to the combined treatment of 60% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers (798.18 kg ha-1), showing an increase of 37.22% compared to the control (without fertilizer). Due to the positive effects of combining bio-chemical fertilizers on physiological parameters and grain yield, it is recommended to replace the combination of bio-chemical fertilizers instead of employing only chemical fertilizers.
Hamed Narimani; Raouf Seyed sharif; fatemeh aghaei
Abstract
In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment has been conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of ...
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In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment has been conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018-2019. Experimental factors include soil salinity levels [control and salinity of 30, 60, and 90 mM] and four methods of zinc application [no zinc as control, soil application zinc as ZnSO4, foliar application nano zinc oxide, and combination of soil and foliar application of zinc]. Results show that both application of ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under 90 mM soil salinity condition increase the catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity, anthocyanin, proline, and soluble sugars content by 20.24%, 17.68%, 13.16%, 32.88%, and 14.08%, respectively, in comparison with no application of zinc under 90 mM soil salinity condition. Also, both soil application of ZnSo4 and foliar application of nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition decrease hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in comparison with no application of Zinc under 90 mM soil salinity. Both soil application ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition has had the highest grain weight (1.016 g per plant), compared to the application of this treatment combination at other salinity levels. It seems that both application of ZnSo4 and nano Zn oxide can increase weight yield of wheat under salinity condition due to their ability in improving biochemical traits.
Maryam Falahatkar Gangi; Weria Weisany; Marjan Diyanat
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2020. Its factors include irrigation at three levels (optimal irrigation at field capacity, moderate stress, and severe stress), application of mycorrhizal fungus at four levels (mosseae, Simiglomus hoi, Rhizophagus irregularis, and no inoculation (control)) and chickpea cultivar at two levels (ILC-482 and Pirooz). Results show that irrigation level has had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. Thus, by decreasing the amount of available plant water, both dry weight and chlorophyll content drops. Catalase activity increases under severe stress, compared to moderate stress and lack of drought stress up to 37% and 71.9% in Pirooz cultivar and up to 69.4% and 82.6% in ILC-482 cultivar, respectively. In case of the latter, the highest peroxidase activity is observed in severe stress conditions, which almost doubled compared to non-stress treatment. The activity of peroxidase enzyme is affected by the use of mycorrhizal fungi so that plants inoculated with G. mosseae has had the highest and non-inoculation with mycorrhiza the lowest peroxidase activity. In severe stress, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde has been obtained using G. mosseae. Inoculation of chickpeas with mycorrhizal fungi can be considered as a way to improve growth in non-stress conditions and increase tolerance to drought stress conditions.
Siavash Heshmati; Gholam Akbari; elias soltani; Majid Amini Dehaghi; Kayvan Fathi Amirkhiz; Keyvan Maleki
Abstract
In order to study the foliar application of melatonin on plants grown from safflower in different seed qualities under drought condition, two field experiments have been carried out at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, between 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experimental design ...
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In order to study the foliar application of melatonin on plants grown from safflower in different seed qualities under drought condition, two field experiments have been carried out at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, between 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experimental design is split-factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, with the treatments being consisted of two levels of drought stress (1- normal irrigation (no-stress) and 2- irrigation after reaching 85% of soil moisture depletion of field capacity at flowering stage (drought stress)), in the main plots. The subplots include 4 treatments, including a factorial combination of seed quality (stored seed and recently harvested seeds) and foliar application (the control and melatonin foliar application). Results from these experiments illustrate that melatonin foliar application has significantly increased the seed yield of stored seed by 589Kg.ha-1, compared to the control. It is also shown that SOD and CAT activities have been increased in response to melatonin in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds under drought condition. Furthermore, it is indicated that foliar application of melatonin decrease the amount of leaf soluble proteins by 28% in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds under drought conditions. According to the results, the amount of malondialdehyde is decreased by 37% in plants grown from recently-harvested seeds by foliar application of melatonin under drought conditions. It seems that seed quality has an enormous influence on grown plants and that using melatonin may play a substantial role in ameliorating the injuries derived from stress on safflower plant.
Maryam Forough; Saeid Navabpour; Esmaeil Ebrahimie; Ali Akbar Ebadi; Davood Kiani
Abstract
In this study, in order to investigate the response to salinity stress, seedlings of two rice kinds, Hashemi and its advanced mutant line, have exposed to 100 mM NaCl as a salinity stress in an experiment, conducted in 2017 at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran. For ...
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In this study, in order to investigate the response to salinity stress, seedlings of two rice kinds, Hashemi and its advanced mutant line, have exposed to 100 mM NaCl as a salinity stress in an experiment, conducted in 2017 at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran. For the biochemical investigation, root sampling is performed during three and six days after the salinity stress treatment. The experiment is conducted as a split plot with randomized complete block design with three replications in hydroponic culture. Under salinity stress, the sodium ion content in both genotypes’ roots has increased significantly, while this trend is much lower in the root of mutant genotype than wild type. The induced oxidative stress of salinity stress is measured by the amount of hydrogen peroxide, indicating that the wild type is under higher oxidative stress which is confirmed by the higher amount of malondialdehyde. Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes’ activity include superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. It reveals a significant rise in the root of the mutant genotype. Overall, this study shows that mutation in the rice genotype leads to salt tolerance, compared to the wild type, through promoting the activity of oxidative enzymes and the synthesis of some osmolytes in the root tissue.
Raouf Seyed sharif; reza seyed sharifi; hamed narimani
Abstract
In order to study the effect of bio-fertilizers and putrescine on biomass, nodulation, and some morphological and biochemical traits of vetch(vicia villosa)under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research ...
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In order to study the effect of bio-fertilizers and putrescine on biomass, nodulation, and some morphological and biochemical traits of vetch(vicia villosa)under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili within 2018-2019. The studied factors include bio-fertilizers(withoutbio-fertilizersas control, application of Rhizobium (Rhizobium legominuzarum), Mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae), both application of Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium, Rhizobium and Azotobacter (Azotobacter chrocoocom strain 5), Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter, Rhizobium with Mycorrhiza,and Azotobacter) as well as foliar application of putrescine in three levels (foliar application with water as the control, application of 0.5 and 1 mM putrescine). Results show that both application of Azotobacter with Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine increase root weight, leaf share from total biomass, soluble sugars of leaf and stem, and total biomass by 133.33%, 4.5%, 31.94%, 41.82%, and 56.94%, respectively, in comparison with no application of bio-fertilizers and putrescine. Also, application of Azotobacter with Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine decrease electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde by 99% and 125.39%, respectively, in comparison with no application of bio-fertilizers and putrescine. It seems that application of bio-fertilizers and foliar application of putrescine can boost total biomass of vica villosa under rainfed condition as it improves both biochemical and morphological traits.
Dariush Talei; Reza Sharifi; Mahdi Pirsalehi
Abstract
In order to investigate the morpho-physiological responses of Purslane plant to methyl jasmonate under salinity stress a split plot based on a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications was carried out in medicinal plants research center, Shahed University, Tehran during 2017. ...
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In order to investigate the morpho-physiological responses of Purslane plant to methyl jasmonate under salinity stress a split plot based on a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications was carried out in medicinal plants research center, Shahed University, Tehran during 2017. The factors were, salinity with four levels (0, 3, 6 and 9 dS/m) as a main factor and methyl jasmonate with four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mM) as a sub factor. The results showed that by increasing salinity levels, the growth indices such as root length, fresh weight of root, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and the amount of superoxide dismutase decreased, while by increasing the salinity levels the proline content and the activity of catalase and MDA in the leaf increased. Applying methyl jasmonate under salinity stress reduced the growth indices and photosynthetic pigments. The highest number of branches, number of leaves and chlorophyll b was obtained at 6 dS/m salinity and 0.5 mM methyl jasmonate. By increasing methyl jasmonate level, the proline content and the activity of CAT increased, while the amount of MDA and SOD enzymes decreased. Therefore, it can be concluded that the is the tolerance of Portulaca oleracea plant to salinity was up to six dS/m, and consuming low amounts of methyl jasmonate can improve yield and physiological indices in Purslane.
Javad geraili; Mehdi Hadadinejad; Hossein Moradi; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi
Abstract
Non-Chilling Peel Pitting (NCPP) is a physiological post-harvest and storage disorder in the peel of many citrus cultivars fruits. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the steroidal plant hormone, 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 ) and relative humidity in dry storage ...
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Non-Chilling Peel Pitting (NCPP) is a physiological post-harvest and storage disorder in the peel of many citrus cultivars fruits. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the steroidal plant hormone, 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 ) and relative humidity in dry storage (RH =30% and 20) in compare to normal (RH =70% and 6OC), on the shelf life of Thomson-Novel sweet orange. The experiment was performed as factorial arrangement in CRD during 2015 winter for 30 days in three replicates and 10 . Characteristics such as weight loss, NCPP, open stomata, total soluble solids, titrable acid, leakage, Catalase and Malondialdehyde activity were measured in fruits. The results showed that drought stress significantly increased weight loss (9.67%), NCPP (33.3% code) and Catalase activity (0.13682) in fruits skin. The maintenance of fruits in dry environments led to a reduction in the open stomata of skin from 55.3 to 36.1%, which improved via application of 24-epibrassinolide, as well as normal storage (51.1%). According to our results, it can be concluded that 5 mg L-1 24-epibrassinolide concentration consider to its significant effect on reducing weight loss rate, NCPP and Catalase activity in fruits skin.
Shahram Taheri; Ahmad Gholami; Hamid Abbasdokht; Hassan Makarian
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of seed priming to reduce water deficit stress in safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrood Agricultural Research Center in 2015. The main plot consisted of ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of seed priming to reduce water deficit stress in safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrood Agricultural Research Center in 2015. The main plot consisted of irrigation at three levels based on the evaporation from class A evaporation pan: non water deficit stress (60 mm evaporation), mild water deficit stress (120 mm evaporation) and severe water deficit stress (180 mm evaporation) and subplots consisted of two factors include safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Sina and Soffeh) and seed priming (Primed seeds with salicylic acid and non-primed). The results showed that severe water stress reduced the grain yield by about 29 percent compared to non stress conditions. In these conditions activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes was increased by about 33, 25, 29 and 40 percent respectively. In severe water deficit conditions, content of malondialdehyde, proline and carotenoid significantly increased but the amount of chlorophyll was reduced. Priming of seeds with salicylic acid caused the antioxidant defense system activity to be increased by about 7-9 percent, therefore increased resistance of safflower plants to water stress and resulted in greater seed yield under water stress conditions. Interaction of irrigation and cultivar appeared to be significant on seed yield and activity of catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes.
Mahdi Sadeghi Raviz; Nourollah Ahmadi; Naser Safaie; Iman Rahmani
Abstract
The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) vapor treatment on antioxidant enzymes activities and vase life of gerbera cut flower was investigated in this experiment. This research was conducted as a split-plot experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory of the ...
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The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) vapor treatment on antioxidant enzymes activities and vase life of gerbera cut flower was investigated in this experiment. This research was conducted as a split-plot experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory of the postharvest physiology, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University in 2013. Gerbera flowers were harvested at early morning from a commercial greenhouse and cut flower stems were put in a preservative solution containing 200 mg/L 8- hydroxyquinoline sulfate and sucrose 3%, exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 µlL−1 MeJA with 20 µlL−1 ethanol and control for 24 h. The results showed that MeJA significantly increased vase life and improved postharvest characteristics of cut gerbera flowers. MeJA 0.2 µlL−1 treatment extended the vase life to 15.67 days, compared to the control and ethanol treatments. Minimum of petal wilting symptoms were revealed in samples treated with MeJA. The lowest malondialdehyde and lipid peroxidation rates were also observed in MeJA treatments that they had a significant difference with ethanol and control. MeJA treatments resulted in increasing antioxidant enzymes activity and protein content compared with ethanol or control.
Zahra Noori Akandi; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Yaser Yaghoubian; Valiollah Ghasemi Omran
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of Piriformospora indica fungi inoculation on antioxidant systems and photosynthetic pigments of Stevia under salt stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based completely randomized design with four replications under in vitro culture conditions. Factors include ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of Piriformospora indica fungi inoculation on antioxidant systems and photosynthetic pigments of Stevia under salt stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based completely randomized design with four replications under in vitro culture conditions. Factors include salinity at six levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM of NaCl) and inoculation of mycorrhizae like fungi at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculation with fungi). The results showed that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and catalase (CAT) activity was increased linearly in control plants while in inoculated plants fitted by a segmented equation. Accordingly, in mild stress the activity of these enzymes were reduced. Chlorophyll a, b and a+b content changed as a segmented model in both inoculated and uninoculated plants. Carotenoid content, however, linearly decreased in both inoculated (slope of -0.007) and uninoculated (slope of -0.005) plants. In conclusion, the results indicated that P. indica, particularly in low levels of salt stress, could reduce hydrogen peroxide (by two percent up to 124 mM of NaCl) and malondialdehyde content (17 percent up to 50 mM of NaCl) which resulted in decreased antioxidant activities and improved photosynthetic pigments and relatively increased tolerance to salt stress in stevia plants.
Forough Saydpour; Mohammad Sayyari; Fardin Ghanbari
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the osmotic plant-protecting members that accumulate in response to abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether GB application at various concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 mM) through seed soaking or foliar spray methods would protect cucumber ...
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Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the osmotic plant-protecting members that accumulate in response to abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether GB application at various concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30 mM) through seed soaking or foliar spray methods would protect cucumber seedlings, subjected to chilling stress. At two true leave stages, after GB treatment, the seedlings were exposed to chilling six h/day at 3°C for 6 days. Results showed that GB pre-treatment improved growth parameters of seedlings subjected to chilling stress and provided significant protection against chilling stress compared to non-GB-treated seedlings. GB prevented chilling injuries with increasing chlorophyll, proline content and antioxidant activities and decreasing electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. The highest cold tolerance was obtained with 20 and 30 mM GB application and seed soaking method provided better protection compared to foliar spray method.
Fariborz Habibi; Mohammad Esmaeil Amiri
Abstract
Enzymaticactivity and biochemical responsesof two citrus rootstocks [sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.)] to in vitro salinitystress were studied. Explants of both rootstocks were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid proliferation medium containing ...
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Enzymaticactivity and biochemical responsesof two citrus rootstocks [sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.)] to in vitro salinitystress were studied. Explants of both rootstocks were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid proliferation medium containing 8.9 µM Benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 µM Naphthaline Acetic Acid (NAA) supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) with six replicates. After six weeks, results showed that, rootstock, salinity levels and their interaction, had a significant effect on all of the measured parameters. Antioxidant enzymes activity such as: catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline content, soluble sugars and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased in both rootstocks by increasing salinity level. The amounts of increasing in sour orange rootstock were greater than trifoliate orange, except for peroxidase enzyme and MDA. Total protein content decreased by increasing salinity level in both rootstocks. Sour orange rootstock has higher total protein content than trifoliate orange. According to the results, sour orange rootstock was more tolerant to salt stress.