Parisa Sheikhzadeh; Gholam Behzad; Nasser Zare; Mitra Rostami
Abstract
To investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles application on photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and cold tolerance of oilseed rape, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm station of the University of Mohaghegh ...
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To investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles application on photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and cold tolerance of oilseed rape, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farm station of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of selenium nanoparticles (0 as control, 25, and 50 mg L-1) applied at the 8-6 leaves stage. The results showed that selenium nanoparticles application significantly increased the RWC, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity, winter survival, and grain yields of oilseed rape plants. The highest RWC, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm, proline content, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were obtained with foliar application of 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles. It seems that selenium nanoparticles application significantly increased the winter survival of oilseed rape plants by about 7.18 to 8.94 percent, by improving the Fv/Fm, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, and proline content. Foliar application of 25 and 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles caused about 28.10 and 34.19 percent increase in grain yield of oilseed rape as compared to control (no spraying) treatment, respectively. In general, the application of 50 mg L-1 selenium nanoparticles had positive and significant effects on the photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics, which resulted in increased cold tolerance of the oilseed rape plant.
Masomeh Ganji; Serolah Galeshi; Hamid Jabbari; Forough Sanjarian; Benjamin Torabi
Abstract
Objective: Water stress affects the crucial processes and yield of crops. This study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress on physiological and biochemical traits of safflower genotypes.Methods: A factorial experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in Seed and Plant Improvement ...
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Objective: Water stress affects the crucial processes and yield of crops. This study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress on physiological and biochemical traits of safflower genotypes.Methods: A factorial experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute during 2017-19. The treatments included two irrigation levels (40 and 80% depletion of available water) and Parnian, Goldasht and Kazak genotypes. Plants were sown in soil columns with a height of 150 and a diameter of 23 cm, and irrigated by a drip system. Antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, proline, relative water content, chlorophyll, seed yield and fatty acid composition were measured at the end.Results: Water stress significantly increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in safflower genotypes which led to increased catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity by 1 and 2.5 U, respectively. The proline content increased about 16 times under water stress conditions. In contrast, the relative water content showed a significant decrease, which resulted in increased canopy temperature and decreased seed yield by 70%. The Kazak genotype had the lowest increase in canopy temperature under stress conditions and showed higher yield stability. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of seed oil changed and the amount of linoleic acid decreased by 1.8% under water stress conditions.Conclusion: The results showed that in addition to drought-related physiological traits, no increase in saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio is also an important indicator in screening superior genotypes for cultivation in water shortage.
Zhila Nazari; Raouf Seyed sharif; Hamed Narimani; Sara Mohammadi Kale Sarlou
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water limitation, biofertilizers and nanosilicon on compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of triticale, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse faculty of Agriculture and Natural ...
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In order to study the effects of water limitation, biofertilizers and nanosilicon on compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of triticale, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. The experimental factors were included irrigation at three levels (full irrigation as control; irrigation withholding at 50% of heading as moderate water limitation and irrigation withholding at 50% of booting stages as severe water imitation), application of bio fertilizers (no application of bio fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza, both application vermicompost and Mycorrhiza), foliar application of nano silicon (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 nano silicon). The results showed that both application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza and foliar application nano silicon under irrigation withholding in booting stage, increased the activity of catalase, polyphenol oxidase enzymes, proline and soluble sugar content (49.17, 50.64, 44.92 and 52.22% respectively) compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under normal irrigation condition. Also, both application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza and foliar application of nano silicon in normal irrigation condition decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (55.34 and 53.64% respectively) and grain yield increased 59.52% compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under irrigation withholding in booting stage condition. It seems that the application of biofertilizers and nano silicon can increase grain yield triticale under water limitation due to improving the biochemical traits.
Akram Vatankhah; Zahra Izadi; Saeed Reezi; Abdorahman Motamedi; Mahdi Ghasemi Varnamkhasti
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, damage to the host plant, reduction of its strength, and sometimes plant death. Cut flower rose is one of the most popular ornamental plants, suffering from crown gall caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In ...
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Biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, damage to the host plant, reduction of its strength, and sometimes plant death. Cut flower rose is one of the most popular ornamental plants, suffering from crown gall caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In order to investigate the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and physiological characteristics in two cultivars of cut roses, A. tumefaciens inoculation was performed as a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications at the time of grafting by stenting method in Shahrekord university research greenhouse in September 2020. Treatments include contamination (Agrobacterium suspension inoculation and water inoculation) as the first factor and cultivar treatment (Angelina and Pearl) as the second factor. Three months after grafting, results show that the effect of cultivar/infection interaction has significant effect on ion leakage, proline, and guaiacol peroxidase at the level of one percent probability. The highest levels of soluble sugars, MDA and protein are observed in infected samples, 298.6 (μg/g Fw), 488.6 (µmolg-1 Fw) and 36.7 (mg/g Fw), respectively and the highest RWC and leaf area in healthy samples are 68.5% and 21.5 (cm2). In this study, inoculation of the crown gall lead to active oxygen species and oxidative stress, causing some changes in lipids, soluble sugars, and total protein.
FARIBA SAEDI; Said Mohsen Mosavi Nik; Abdoll Rahman Rahimian Boger
Abstract
In order to investigate effectsof different fertilizers on reduce negative effects of drought stress in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), manure and poular fertilizers, Nano potassium and potassium sulfate were used on morphophysiological characteristics of chicory under drought stress. This experiment ...
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In order to investigate effectsof different fertilizers on reduce negative effects of drought stress in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), manure and poular fertilizers, Nano potassium and potassium sulfate were used on morphophysiological characteristics of chicory under drought stress. This experiment was carried out in a factorial plot based with a randomized complete block design in three replications at the Agricultural Research farm of Zabol University in 2014-2015. Water stress treatments included 60, 90 and 120 mm water evaporation from evaporate pan class assigned to the first plots and different types of fertilizers included manure and poular fertilizers were applied at 30 ton/ha, and nano potassium (27percent) and potassium sulphat were applied 10 and 150 kg. Results showed that drought stresses were decreased the growth characteristics significantly, while application of different fertilizers were decreasing the negative effects of drought on growth characteristics, especially two organic fertilizers are effective on reduce the negative effects of drought. Also, the highest plant height, flower diameter, flower number, lateral branches, flower yield and shoot yield were obtained at manure fertilizer treatments. Strong stress was showed the lowest content of chlorophyll a and b significantly, but carotenoids and anthocyanin are increases. Application of manure fertilizer improve a / b chlorophylls, and carotenoids significantly under drought stress. So the highest anthocyanin obtained at Nano potassium treatment. Different fertilizer treatments have had significant effects on antioxidant enzymes activities in comparison with control treatment.
Zahra Noori Akandi; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Yaser Yaghoubian; Valiollah Ghasemi Omran
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of Piriformospora indica fungi inoculation on antioxidant systems and photosynthetic pigments of Stevia under salt stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based completely randomized design with four replications under in vitro culture conditions. Factors include ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of Piriformospora indica fungi inoculation on antioxidant systems and photosynthetic pigments of Stevia under salt stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial based completely randomized design with four replications under in vitro culture conditions. Factors include salinity at six levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM of NaCl) and inoculation of mycorrhizae like fungi at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculation with fungi). The results showed that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and catalase (CAT) activity was increased linearly in control plants while in inoculated plants fitted by a segmented equation. Accordingly, in mild stress the activity of these enzymes were reduced. Chlorophyll a, b and a+b content changed as a segmented model in both inoculated and uninoculated plants. Carotenoid content, however, linearly decreased in both inoculated (slope of -0.007) and uninoculated (slope of -0.005) plants. In conclusion, the results indicated that P. indica, particularly in low levels of salt stress, could reduce hydrogen peroxide (by two percent up to 124 mM of NaCl) and malondialdehyde content (17 percent up to 50 mM of NaCl) which resulted in decreased antioxidant activities and improved photosynthetic pigments and relatively increased tolerance to salt stress in stevia plants.
Avishan Taherkhanchi; Gholam Ali Akbari; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Majid Ghorbani Javid
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers on physiological traits in soybean under water deficit condition, agreenhouse experiment was conducted in 2011, at faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University,using a factorial design based on RCBD with three replications. The experimental treatments weredifferent ...
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To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers on physiological traits in soybean under water deficit condition, agreenhouse experiment was conducted in 2011, at faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University,using a factorial design based on RCBD with three replications. The experimental treatments weredifferent irrigation regimes including non-stress (40% water depletion), moderate stress (60% waterdepletion) and severe stress (80% water depletion) and four methods for application of mixed ofAzotobacter and Azosperilium on plant or seed. Results showed that the highest yield and yieldcomponents were observed in non-stress and spraying of bacteria on leaf + seed inoculation conditions.The highest catalase enzyme activity was observed in moderate stress and seed inoculation + spraying ofbacteria on leaf condition. In addition, the highest proline content was showed in severe stress and nonbacterialinoculation and was three times more than the minimum treatment. The results generallyindicated that using bio-fertilizer in moderate stress can reduce the destructive effects of stress anddecrease of yield, but severe stress led to increase of cost of production and could not effect on increasingof yield significantly.
Mehri Mashayekhi; Fariborz Habibi; Mohamad Amiri
Abstract
Mechanisms of drought stress tolerance of GF677 rootstock, peach and almond hybrid, (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) were studied under in vitro conditions. Plantlets of GF677 rootstock were subcultured into the Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid proliferation medium containing 1 mg/l BA (6-Benzyladenine) ...
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Mechanisms of drought stress tolerance of GF677 rootstock, peach and almond hybrid, (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) were studied under in vitro conditions. Plantlets of GF677 rootstock were subcultured into the Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid proliferation medium containing 1 mg/l BA (6-Benzyladenine) and 0.1 mg/l NAA (naphthaline acetic acid) in four drought stress levels 0 (control), 10, 20 and 30 g/l polyethylene glycol 6000 (corresponding to osmotic potentials 0, -0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 Mpa, respectively). After six weeks results showed that induced drought stress had a significant effect on measured parameters. By increasing drought levels in the culture medium, antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase and peroxidase), total protein content and proline content significantly increased; meanwhile soluble sugars had non-significant increasing in the different levels of drought. According to the results it can be concluded that, the most important mechanisms of drought tolerance of GF677 rootstock under in vitro conditions are the use of antioxidant defense system, increasing protein synthesis (enhancing genes expression) and proline accumulation and osmoregulation by soluble sugars had less important.
Fariborz Habibi; Mohammad Esmaeil Amiri
Abstract
Enzymaticactivity and biochemical responsesof two citrus rootstocks [sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.)] to in vitro salinitystress were studied. Explants of both rootstocks were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid proliferation medium containing ...
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Enzymaticactivity and biochemical responsesof two citrus rootstocks [sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.)] to in vitro salinitystress were studied. Explants of both rootstocks were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid proliferation medium containing 8.9 µM Benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 µM Naphthaline Acetic Acid (NAA) supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) with six replicates. After six weeks, results showed that, rootstock, salinity levels and their interaction, had a significant effect on all of the measured parameters. Antioxidant enzymes activity such as: catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline content, soluble sugars and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased in both rootstocks by increasing salinity level. The amounts of increasing in sour orange rootstock were greater than trifoliate orange, except for peroxidase enzyme and MDA. Total protein content decreased by increasing salinity level in both rootstocks. Sour orange rootstock has higher total protein content than trifoliate orange. According to the results, sour orange rootstock was more tolerant to salt stress.
Ezatollah Esfandiari; Adel Javadi; Majid Shokrpour
Abstract
In order to evaluate the physiological and biochemical traits in response to salinity, six varieties of wheat were cultivated in a split plot based on randomized complete block design in the growth chamber in the department of agronomy, faculty of agriculture, University of Maragheh. Seedlings of wheat ...
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In order to evaluate the physiological and biochemical traits in response to salinity, six varieties of wheat were cultivated in a split plot based on randomized complete block design in the growth chamber in the department of agronomy, faculty of agriculture, University of Maragheh. Seedlings of wheat cultivars, in three to four leaves stage were treated with 200 mM NaCl for 14 days. After the elapsed mentioned time, the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress indices and some physiological parameters were measured. The results showed that lipid peroxidation in all cultivars except Augusta significantly increased compared to controls. Salinity reduces membrane stability index in cultivars. While the mentioned index was stable and did not change significantly in both environments in other cultivars. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities showed a significant decrease in Koohdasht, Pishtaz and MV17 cultivars under salt stress in comparison with the control. But salinity increased ascorbate peroxidase activity and decreased catalase activity in Ayzngran. Guaicul peroxidase activity was reduced by salinity only in Augusta. Glutathione S -transferase only increased in Gaskogen and Kohdasht and Pishtaz cultivars had decreased significantly. Moreover, the results showed that, despite the increase in sodium uptake by the roots of all cultivars, only Ayzngran and Augusta had the ability to transfer control of sodium to crown and leaves. Moreover, among cultivars studied, salinity significantly reduced the total dry weight per plant of Kohdasht. As a final result can be stated, although sodium is toxic element for cell metabolism, especially the leaf cells, but if the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes with the ability to store this element, except in areas cytocell, would reduce the toxicity of this element, even wheat variety is not able to prevent the transmission of sodium to leaves.